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Kinh nghiệm và mẹo toeic CONJUNCTIONS

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Kinh nghiệm và mẹo toeic CONJUNCTIONS

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CONJUNCTIONS Coordinate conjunctions join two equal terms: and, or, nor, but, Subordinate conjunctions join two clauses: although, since, because, when, etc STRATEGIES FOR CONJUNCTION ITEMS ASK YOURSELF THESE QUESTIONS:  Do you need to join two nouns, two adjectives, two prepositional phrases, or any equal terms? If so, is there a coordinate conjunction joining them? INCORRECT [The president also his assistant are coming.] CORRECT The president and his assistant are coming  Do you need to join two sentences? If so, is there a coordinate conjunction joining them? INCORRECT [I can make the copies too John can collate the pages CORRECT I can make the copies, and John can collate the pages  Do you need to join a dependent clause with an independent clause? If so, is there a subordinate conjunction joining them? INCORRECT [But he had a suggestion, he didn’t raise his hand.] CORRECT Although he had a suggestion, he didn’t raise his hand  Do you understand the meanings of the conjunctions and of the other words in the sentence? Is the sentence logical? Does it make sense? INCORRECT [I know him but his wife.] CORRECT I know him and Once (conjunction) as soon as; when: We didn’t know how we would cope once the money had gone While (conjunction): + during the time that sth is happening SYN  when: We must have been burgled while we were asleep + at the same time as sth else is happening: You can go swimming while I’m having lunch + used to contrast two things: While Tom’s very good at science, his brother is absolutely hopeless + (used at the beginning of a sentence) although; despite the fact that …: While I am willing to help, I not have much time available + until: I waited while six o’clock As (conjunction) + while sth else is happening: He sat watching her as she got ready + in the way in which: They did as I had asked + used to state the reason for sth: As you were out, I left a message + used to make a comment or to add information about what you have just said: As you know, Julia is leaving soon + used to say that in spite of sth being true, what follows is also true SYN though: Happy as they were, there was something missing Try as he might (= however hard he tried), he couldn’t open So (conjunction) + used to show the reason for sth: It was still painful so I went to see a doctor + so (that … ) used to show the result of sth: Nothing more was heard from him so that we began to wonder if he was dead + so (that … ) used to show the purpose of sth: But I gave you a map so you wouldn’t get lost! + used to introduce the next part of a story: So after shouting and screaming for an hour she walked out in tears + (informal) used to show that you think sth is not important, especially after sb has criticized you for it: So I had a couple of drinks on the way home + (informal) used to introduce a comment or a question: So, let’s see What we need to take + (informal) used when you are making a final statement: So, that’s it for today + (informal) used in questions to refer to sth that has just been said: So there’s nothing we can about it? + used when stating that two events, situations, etc are similar: Just as large companies are having to cut back, so small businesses are being forced to close Ex: Although the weather was bad (Clause) , he tried to get to the village In spite of bad weather ( NP), he tried to get to the village In spite of the fact that the weather was bad (Clause), he tried to get to the village The soccer game won’t be postponed it looks like rain (A) because (B) even though (C) since (D) as profits have improved, we’re all getting bonuses (A) Since (B) Before (C) Although (D) During Since = Because Because he loves her, he’ll get married to her = Since he loves her, he’ll get married to her profits have improved, we’re all getting bonuses (A) Since (B) Before (C) Although (D) During Ms Adams refused the promotion the large raise (A) because (B) but (C) despite (D) neither Eventhough In spite of Although + (Clause) = Though Despite NP + V-ing the fact that + Clause Ex: Although the weather was bad (Clause) , he tried to get to the village In spite of bad weather ( NP), he tried to get to the village In spite the fact that the weather was bad (Clause), he tried to get to the village Ms Adams refused the promotion the large raise (A) because (B) but (C) despite (D) neither The hotel will accept no guests it’s being renovated (A) and (B) while (C) because of (D) after The hotel will accept no guests it’s being renovated (A) and (B) while (C) because of (D) after 10 Restaurant food handlers must wear latex gloves health regulations (A) because of (B) because (C) since (D) though Because + clause = Because of + NP Because he loves her, he’ll get married to her He’ll get married to her because of his love for her 10 Restaurant food handlers must wear latex gloves health regulations (A) because of (B) because (C) since (D) though THANK YOU! ...1 Coordinate conjunctions join two equal terms: and, or, nor, but, Subordinate conjunctions join two clauses: although, since, because, when,... Although he had a suggestion, he didn’t raise his hand  Do you understand the meanings of the conjunctions and of the other words in the sentence? Is the sentence logical? Does it make sense?

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Xem thêm: Kinh nghiệm và mẹo toeic CONJUNCTIONS, Kinh nghiệm và mẹo toeic CONJUNCTIONS, Once (conjunction) as soon as; when: We didn’t know how we would cope once the money had gone., Although (conjunction) + used for introducing a statement that makes the main statement in a sentence seem surprising  SYN  Though: Although the sun was shining it wasn’t very warm., and / or (conjunction) (informal) used when you say that two situations exist together, or as an alternative to each other: There is no help for those with lots of luggage and / or small children., Note: THE P.PERFECT TENSE is used to express an action that happened before another action in the past Ex: When I came to the station, she had left.

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  • CONJUNCTIONS

  • 1. Coordinate conjunctions join two equal terms: and, or, nor, but,... . 2. Subordinate conjunctions join two clauses: although, since, because, when, etc.

  • STRATEGIES FOR CONJUNCTION ITEMS ASK YOURSELF THESE QUESTIONS:  Do you need to join two nouns, two adjectives, two prepositional phrases, or any equal terms? If so, is there a coordinate conjunction joining them? INCORRECT [The president also his assistant are coming.] CORRECT The president and his assistant are coming.

  •  Do you need to join two sentences? If so, is there a coordinate conjunction joining them? INCORRECT [I can make the copies too John can collate the pages. CORRECT I can make the copies, and John can collate the pages.  Do you need to join a dependent clause with an independent clause? If so, is there a subordinate conjunction joining them? INCORRECT [But he had a suggestion, he didn’t raise his hand.] CORRECT Although he had a suggestion, he didn’t raise his hand.

  •  Do you understand the meanings of the conjunctions and of the other words in the sentence? Is the sentence logical? Does it make sense? INCORRECT [I know him but his wife.] CORRECT I know him and his wife.

  • 1. Once (conjunction) as soon as; when: We didn’t know how we would cope once the money had gone.

  • 2. While (conjunction): + during the time that sth is happening SYN  when: We must have been burgled while we were asleep. + at the same time as sth else is happening: You can go swimming while I’m having lunch. + used to contrast two things: While Tom’s very good at science, his brother is absolutely hopeless. + (used at the beginning of a sentence) although; despite the fact that …: While I am willing to help, I do not have much time available. + until: I waited while six o’clock.

  • 3. As (conjunction) + while sth else is happening: He sat watching her as she got ready. + in the way in which: They did as I had asked. + used to state the reason for sth: As you were out, I left a message. + used to make a comment or to add information about what you have just said: As you know, Julia is leaving soon + used to say that in spite of sth being true, what follows is also true SYN though: Happy as they were, there was something missing. Try as he might (= however hard he tried), he couldn’t open the door.

  • 4. So (conjunction) + used to show the reason for sth: It was still painful so I went to see a doctor. + so (that … ) used to show the result of sth: Nothing more was heard from him so that we began to wonder if he was dead. + so (that … ) used to show the purpose of sth: But I gave you a map so you wouldn’t get lost! + used to introduce the next part of a story: So after shouting and screaming for an hour she walked out in tears. + (informal) used to show that you think sth is not important, especially after sb has criticized you for it: So I had a couple of drinks on the way home.

  • + (informal) used to introduce a comment or a question: So, let’s see. What do we need to take + (informal) used when you are making a final statement: So, that’s it for today. + (informal) used in questions to refer to sth that has just been said: So there’s nothing we can do about it? + used when stating that two events, situations, etc. are similar: Just as large companies are having to cut back, so small businesses are being forced to close.

  • 5. Because (conjunction) for the reason that: I did it because he told me to.

  • 6. Since (conjunction) + (used with the present perfect, past perfect or simple present tense in the main clause) from an event in the past until a later past event, or until now: Cath hasn’t phoned since she went to Berlin. It was the first time I’d had visitors since I’d moved to London. It’s twenty years since I’ve seen her. How long is it since we last went to the theatre? C She had been worrying ever since the letter arrived. + because; as: We thought that, since we were in the area, we’d stop by and see them.

  • 7. Although (conjunction) + used for introducing a statement that makes the main statement in a sentence seem surprising  SYN  Though: Although the sun was shining it wasn’t very warm.

  • + used to mean ‘but’ or ‘however’ when you are commenting on a statement: I felt he was wrong, although I didn’t say so at the time. although / even though / though: You can use these words to show contrast between two clauses or two sentences. Though is used more in spoken than in written English. You can use although, even though and though at the beginning of a sentence or clause that has a verb. Notice where the commas go: Although/Even though/Though everyone played well, we lost the game. We lost the game, although / even though / though everyone played well.You cannot use even on its own at the beginning of a sentence or clause instead of although, even though or though

  • 8. And (conjunction) (used to connect words or parts of sentences) + also; in addition to: bread and butter + added to SYN  plus: 5 and 5 makes 10. + then; following this: She came in and took her coat off. + go, come, try, stay, etc. And used before a verb instead of to, to show purpose: Go and get me a pen please. + used to introduce a comment or a question: ‘We talked for hours.’ ‘And what did you decide?’

  • + as a result: Miss another class and you’ll fail. + used between repeated words to show that sth is repeated or continuing: He tried and tried but without success. + used between repeated words to show that there are important differences between things or people of the same kind: I like city life but there are cities and cities. - see also and / or

  • 9. Before (conjunction) + earlier than the time when: Do it before you forget. + until: It may be many years before the situation improves. + used to warn or threaten sb that sth bad could happen: Put that away before it gets broken. + (formal) rather than: I’d die before I apologized!

  • 10. After (conjunctionat) a time later than sth; when sth has finished: I’ll call you after I’ve spoken to them. Several years after they’d split up they met again by chance in Paris.

  • 11. When (conjunction) + at or during the time that: I loved history when I was at school. + after: Call me when you’ve finished. + at any time that; whenever: Can you spare five minutes when it’s convenient? + just after which: He had just drifted off to sleep when the phone rang. + considering that: How can they expect to learn anything when they never listen? + although: She claimed to be 18, when I know she’s only 16.

  • 12. But (conjunction) + used to introduce a word or phrase that contrasts with what was said before: I got it wrong. It wasn’t the red one but the blue one. + however; despite this: I’d asked everybody but only two people came. + used when you are saying sorry about sth: I’m sorry but I can’t stay any longer. + used to introduce a statement that shows that you are surprised or annoyed, or that you disagree: But that’s not possible!

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