Kinh nghiệm và mẹo toeic CONJUNCTIONS

CONJUNCTIONS Coordinate conjunctions join two equal terms: and, or, nor, but, Subordinate conjunctions join two clauses: although, since, because, when, etc STRATEGIES FOR CONJUNCTION ITEMS ASK YOURSELF THESE QUESTIONS:  Do you need to join two nouns, two adjectives, two prepositional phrases, or any equal terms? If so, is there a coordinate conjunction joining them? INCORRECT [The president also his assistant are coming.] CORRECT The president and his assistant are coming  Do you need to join two sentences? If so, is there a coordinate conjunction joining them? INCORRECT [I can make the copies too John can collate the pages CORRECT I can make the copies, and John can collate the pages  Do you need to join a dependent clause with an independent clause? If so, is there a subordinate conjunction joining them? INCORRECT [But he had a suggestion, he didn’t raise his hand.] CORRECT Although he had a suggestion, he didn’t raise his hand  Do you understand the meanings of the conjunctions and of the other words in the sentence? Is the sentence logical? Does it make sense? INCORRECT [I know him but his wife.] CORRECT I know him and Once (conjunction) as soon as; when: We didn’t know how we would cope once the money had gone While (conjunction): + during the time that sth is happening SYN  when: We must have been burgled while we were asleep + at the same time as sth else is happening: You can go swimming while I’m having lunch + used to contrast two things: While Tom’s very good at science, his brother is absolutely hopeless + (used at the beginning of a sentence) although; despite the fact that …: While I am willing to help, I not have much time available + until: I waited while six o’clock As (conjunction) + while sth else is happening: He sat watching her as she got ready + in the way in which: They did as I had asked + used to state the reason for sth: As you were out, I left a message + used to make a comment or to add information about what you have just said: As you know, Julia is leaving soon + used to say that in spite of sth being true, what follows is also true SYN though: Happy as they were, there was something missing Try as he might (= however hard he tried), he couldn’t open So (conjunction) + used to show the reason for sth: It was still painful so I went to see a doctor + so (that … ) used to show the result of sth: Nothing more was heard from him so that we began to wonder if he was dead + so (that … ) used to show the purpose of sth: But I gave you a map so you wouldn’t get lost! + used to introduce the next part of a story: So after shouting and screaming for an hour she walked out in tears + (informal) used to show that you think sth is not important, especially after sb has criticized you for it: So I had a couple of drinks on the way home + (informal) used to introduce a comment or a question: So, let’s see What we need to take + (informal) used when you are making a final statement: So, that’s it for today + (informal) used in questions to refer to sth that has just been said: So there’s nothing we can about it? + used when stating that two events, situations, etc are similar: Just as large companies are having to cut back, so small businesses are being forced to close Ex: Although the weather was bad (Clause) , he tried to get to the village In spite of bad weather ( NP), he tried to get to the village In spite of the fact that the weather was bad (Clause), he tried to get to the village The soccer game won’t be postponed it looks like rain (A) because (B) even though (C) since (D) as profits have improved, we’re all getting bonuses (A) Since (B) Before (C) Although (D) During Since = Because Because he loves her, he’ll get married to her = Since he loves her, he’ll get married to her profits have improved, we’re all getting bonuses (A) Since (B) Before (C) Although (D) During Ms Adams refused the promotion the large raise (A) because (B) but (C) despite (D) neither Eventhough In spite of Although + (Clause) = Though Despite NP + V-ing the fact that + Clause Ex: Although the weather was bad (Clause) , he tried to get to the village In spite of bad weather ( NP), he tried to get to the village In spite the fact that the weather was bad (Clause), he tried to get to the village Ms Adams refused the promotion the large raise (A) because (B) but (C) despite (D) neither The hotel will accept no guests it’s being renovated (A) and (B) while (C) because of (D) after The hotel will accept no guests it’s being renovated (A) and (B) while (C) because of (D) after 10 Restaurant food handlers must wear latex gloves health regulations (A) because of (B) because (C) since (D) though Because + clause = Because of + NP Because he loves her, he’ll get married to her He’ll get married to her because of his love for her 10 Restaurant food handlers must wear latex gloves health regulations (A) because of (B) because (C) since (D) though THANK YOU! ...1 Coordinate conjunctions join two equal terms: and, or, nor, but, Subordinate conjunctions join two clauses: although, since, because, when,... Although he had a suggestion, he didn’t raise his hand  Do you understand the meanings of the conjunctions and of the other words in the sentence? Is the sentence logical? Does it make sense?