Thuật toán trong Structures

Structures and Enumerators Structures • Structure: allows multiple variables of different types to be grouped together = User Defined Type • Structure Declaration Format: struct structure name { type1 field1; type2 field2; … typen fieldn; }; 7-2 Example struct Declaration struct Student { int studentID; string name; short year; double grades[10]; }; structure tag structure members Notice the required ; 7-3 Defining Structure Variables • struct declaration does not allocate memory or create variables • To define variables, use structure tag as type name Student s1; s1 studentID name year grades In C it is necessary to use the ‘struct’ keyword when declaring struct variables: struct Student s1; Or use a typedef to avoid this: typedef struct { … } Student; 7-4 Structure Initialization Structures can be initialized with a comma separated list of values, similar to arrays: Structure Declaration struct Dimensions { int length, width, height; }; Structure Variable box length 12 width height Dimensions box = {12,6,3}; 7-5 Accessing Structure Members • Use the dot (.) operator to refer to members of struct variables Student student1; getline(cin, student1.name); cin >> student1.studentID; student1.grades[0] = 3.75; 7-7 Displaying struct Members To display the contents of a struct variable, you must display each field separately, using the dot operator Wrong: cout