Bảng thế điện cực chuẩn

° (V) Half-reaction ⁄2 N2(g) +  H+ +  e− Li+ +  e− HN3(aq) −3.09 −3.0401 Li(s) N2(g) + 4 H2O + 2 e− 2 NH2OH(aq) + 2 OH− −3.04 Cs+ +  e− Cs(s) −3.026 Rb+ +  e− Rb(s) −2.98 K+ +  e− K(s) −2.931 Ba2+ + 2 e− −2.912 Ba(s) La(OH)3(s) + 3 e− La(s) + 3 OH− −2.90 Sr2+ + 2 e− Sr(s) −2.899 Ca2+ + 2 e− Ca(s) −2.868 Eu2+ + 2 e− Eu(s) −2.812 Ra2+ + 2 e− Ra(s) −2.8 Na+ +  e− −2.71 Na(s) Sc3++ + 3 e− Sc(s) −2.077 La3+ + 3 e− La(s) −2.379 Y3+ + 3 e− Mg2+ + 2 e− −2.372 Y(s) −2.372 Mg(s) ZrO(OH)2(s) +  H2O + 4 e− Al(OH)4− + 3 e− Zr(s) + 4 OH− Al(s) + 4 OH− Al(OH)3(s) + 3 e− Al(s) + 3 OH− −2.36 −2.33 −2.31 H2(g) + 2 e− 2 H− −2.25 Ac3+ + 3 e− Ac(s) −2.20 Be2+ + 2 e− −1.85 Be(s) U3+ + 3 e− U(s) −1.66 Al3+ + 3 e− Al(s) −1.66 Ti2+ + 2 e− Ti(s) −1.63 ZrO2(s) + 4 H+ + 4 e− Zr(s) + 2 H2O −1.553 Zr4+ + 4 e− Zr(s) −1.45 Ti3+ + 3 e− Ti(s) −1.37 TiO(s) + 2 H+ + 2 e− Ti(s) +  H2O Ti2O3(s) + 2 H+ + 2 e− Zn(OH)42− + 2 e− Mn2+ + 2 e− 2 TiO(s) +  H2O Zn(s) + 4 OH− Fe(CN)64− + 6 H+ +  e− V2+ + 2 e− Fe(s) + 4HCN(aq) Te2− −1.099 Sn(s) + 4 H+ + 4 e− SnH4(g) SiO2(s) + 4 H+ + 4 e− Si(s) + 2 H2O B(OH)3(aq) + 3 H+ + 3 e− 2  H2O + 2 e− B(s) + 3 H2O Fe(s) + 2 OH− Fe2O3(s) + 3 H2O + 2 e− TiO2+ + 2 H+ + 4 e− Ti(s) +  H2O BiH3 −1.07 −0.91 −0.89 −0.89 2Fe(OH)2(s) + 2 OH− −0.86 H2(g) + 2 OH− Bi(s) + 3 H+ + 3 e− −1.16 −1.13 Nb(s) Fe(OH)2(s) + 2 e− −1.199 −1.143 V(s) Nb3+ + 3 e− −1.23 −1.185 Mn(s) Te(s) + 2 e− −1.31 −0.86 −0.8277 −0.8 Zn2+ + 2 e− Zn(Hg) −0.7628 Zn2+ + 2 e− Zn(s) −0.7618 Ta2O5(s) + 10 H+ + 10 e− Cr3+ + 3 e− Au(s) + 2 CN− Pb(s) + 2 OH− 2 TiO2(s) + 2 H+ + 2 e− U4+ +  e− −0.60 −0.6 Ta(s) PbO(s) +  H2O + 2 e− Ga3+ + 3 e− −0.75 −0.74 Cr(s) [Au(CN)2]− +  e− Ta3+ + 3 e− 2 Ta(s) + 5 H2O Ti2O3(s) +  H2O −0.58 −0.56 −0.53 Ga(s) U3+ −0.52 H3PO2(aq) +  H+ +  e− P(white) + 2 H2O −0.508 H3PO3(aq) + 2 H+ + 2 e− H3PO2(aq) +  H2O −0.499 H3PO3(aq) + 3 H+ + 3 e− P(red) + 3 H2O −0.454 Fe2+ + 2 e− 2 CO2(g) + 2 H+ + 2 e− Cr3+ +  e− Cd2+ + 2 e− −0.44 Fe(s) HOOCCOOH(aq) Cr2+ −0.43 −0.42 −0.40 Cd(s) GeO2(s) + 2 H+ + 2 e− GeO(s) +  H2O −0.37 Cu2O(s) +  H2O + 2 e− 2 Cu(s) + 2 OH− −0.360 PbSO4(s) + 2 e− Pb(s) + SO42− −0.3588 PbSO4(s) + 2 e− Pb(Hg) + SO42− −0.3505 Eu3+ +  e− Eu2+ −0.35 In3+ + 3 e− In(s) −0.34 Tl+ +  e− −0.34 Tl(s) Ge(s) + 4 H+ + 4 e− Co2+ + 2 e− GeH4(g) −0.28 Co(s) H3PO4(aq) + 2 H+ + 2 e− V3+ +  e− AgI(s) +  e− −0.25 Ni(s) AsH3(g) Ag(s) + I− MoO2(s) + 4 H+ + 4 e− Si(s) + 4 H+ + 4 e− Mo(s) + 2 H2O SiH4(g) −0.23 −0.15224 −0.15 −0.14 −0.13 Sn(s) O2(g) +  H+ +  e− Pb2+ + 2 e− −0.276 −0.26 As(s) + 3 H+ + 3 e− Sn2+ + 2 e− H3PO3(aq) +  H2O V2+ Ni2+ + 2 e− −0.29 HO2•(aq) −0.13 Pb(s) WO2(s) + 4 H+ + 4 e− W(s) + 2 H2O P(red) + 3 H+ + 3 e− PH3(g) CO2(g) + 2 H+ + 2 e− Se(s) + 2 H+ + 2 e− −0.13 HCOOH(aq) H2Se(g) −0.12 −0.111 −0.11 −0.11 CO2(g) + 2 H+ + 2 e− CO(g) +  H2O −0.11 SnO(s) + 2 H+ + 2 e− Sn(s) +  H2O −0.10 SnO2(s) + 2 H+ + 2 e− SnO(s) +  H2O −0.09 WO3(aq) + 6 H+ + 6 e− W(s) + 3 H2O −0.09 P(white) + 3 H+ + 3 e− PH3(g) −0.063 Fe3+ + 3 e− Fe(s) −0.04 HCOOH(aq) + 2 H+ + 2 e− 2 H+ + 2 e− HCHO(aq) +  H2O −0.03 0.0000 ≡ H2(g) AgBr(s) +  e− Ag(s) + Br− +0.07133 S4O62− + 2 e− 2 S2O32− +0.08 Fe3O4(s) + 8 H+ + 8 e− 3 Fe(s) + 4 H2O N2(g) + 2 H2O + 6 H+ + 6 e− HgO(s) +  H2O + 2 e− 2 NH4OH(aq) Hg(l) + 2 OH− +0.085 +0.092 +0.0977 Cu(NH3)42+ +  e− Cu(NH3)2+ + 2 NH3 +0.10 Ru(NH3)63+ +  e− Ru(NH3)62+ +0.10 N2H4(aq) + 4 H2O + 2 e− 2 NH4+ + 4 OH− H2MoO4(aq) + 6 H+ + 6 e− Ge4+ + 4 e− Ge(s) CH4(g) HCHO(aq) + 2 H+ + 2 e− S(s) + 2 H+ + 2 e− Sn4+ + 2 e− CH3OH(aq) H2S(g) Sn2+ HSO4− + 3 H+ + 2 e− TiO2+ + 2 H+ +  e− SbO+ + 2 H+ + 3 e− AgCl(s) +  e− +0.13 +0.14 +0.159 SO2(aq) + 2 H2O UO2+ SO42− + 4 H+ + 2 e− +0.13 +0.15 Cu+ UO22+ +  e− +0.11 +0.12 C(s) + 4 H+ + 4 e− Cu2+ +  e− Mo(s) + 4 H2O +0.11 +0.16 +0.163 SO2(aq) + 2 H2O Ti3+ +  H2O Sb(s) +  H2O Ag(s) + Cl− +0.17 +0.19 +0.20 +0.22233 H3AsO3(aq) + 3 H+ + 3 e− GeO(s) + 2 H+ + 2 e− UO2+ + 4 H+ +  e− As(s) + 3 H2O Ge(s) +  H2O U4+ + 2 H2O +0.24 +0.26 +0.273 Re3+ + 3 e− Re(s) +0.300 Bi3+ + 3 e− Bi(s) +0.308 VO2+ + 2 H+ +  e− Cu2+ + 2 e− V3+ +  H2O Cu(s) [Fe(CN)6]3− +  e− +0.340 [Fe(CN)6]4− O2(g) + 2 H2O + 4 e− H2MoO4 + 6 H+ + 3 e− 4 OH−(aq) Mo3+ + 2 H2O CH3OH(aq) + 2 H+ + 2 e− SO2(aq) + 4 H+ + 4 e− Cu+ +  e− S(s) + 2 H2O C(s) +  H2O +0.43 +0.50 +0.50 +0.52 +0.54 Au(s) + 4 I− H3AsO4(aq) + 2 H+ + 2 e− [AuI2]− +  e− +0.40 +0.53 2 I− [AuI4]− + 3 e− +0.36 +0.520 3 I− I2(s) + 2 e− +0.56 H3AsO3(aq) +  H2O +0.56 Au(s) + 2 I− MnO4− + 2 H2O + 3 e− S2O32 − + 6 H+ + 4 e− Fc+ +  e− CH4(g) +  H2O Cu(s) CO(g) + 2 H+ + 2 e− I3− + 2 e− +0.34 +0.58 MnO2(s) + 4 OH− 2 S(s) + 3 H2O Fc(s) H2MoO4(aq) + 2 H+ + 2 e− +0.59 +0.60 +0.641 MoO2(s) + 2 H2O +0.65 + 2 H+ + 2 e− O2(g) + 2 H+ + 2 e− Tl3+ + 3 e− +0.6992  H2O2(aq) Tl(s) PtCl62− + 2 e− +0.72 PtCl42− + 2 Cl− H2SeO3(aq) + 4 H+ + 4 e− PtCl42− + 2 e− +0.70 Se(s) + 3 H2O Pt(s) + 4 Cl− +0.726 +0.74 +0.758 Fe3+ +  e− Fe2+ +0.77 Ag+ +  e− Ag(s) +0.7996 Hg22+ + 2 e− 2 Hg(l) NO3−(aq) + 2 H+ +  e− +0.80 NO2(g) +  H2O 2FeO42− + 5 H2O + 6 e− [AuBr4]− + 3 e− Hg2+ + 2 e− Au(s) + 4 Br− Hg(l) MnO4− +  H+ +  e− 2 Hg2+ + 2 e− Pd2+ + 2 e− Fe2O3(s) + 10  OH− HMnO4− +0.91 +0.915 Au(s) + 4 Cl− MnO2(s) + 4 H+ +  e− Mn3+ + 2 H2O Au(s) + 2 Br− [HXeO6]3− + 2 H2O + 2 e− + H6TeO6(aq) + 2 H+ + 2 e− Br2(l) + 2 e− 2 Br− +0.85 +0.90 Pd(s) [AuBr2]− +  e− +0.81 +0.85 Hg22+ [AuCl4]− + 3 e− +0.80 +0.93 +0.95 +0.96 [HXeO4]− + 4  OH− +0.99 TeO2(s) + 4 H2O +1.02 +1.066 Br2(aq) + 2 e− 2 Br− IO3− + 5 H+ + 4 e− [AuCl2]− +  e− +1.0873 HIO(aq) + 2 H2O Au(s) + 2 Cl− +1.13 +1.15 HSeO4− + 3 H+ + 2 e− H2SeO3(aq) +  H2O +1.15 Ag2O(s) + 2 H+ + 2 e− 2 Ag(s) +  H2O +1.17 ClO3− + 2 H+ +  e− ClO2(g) +  H2O [HXeO6]3− + 5 H2O +  e− Pt2+ + 2 e− Xe(g) + 11 OH− Pt(s) ClO2(g) +  H+ +  e− +1.18 +1.18 +1.188 HClO2(aq) 2 IO3− + 12 H+ + 10 e− I2(s) + 6 H2O +1.19 +1.20 ClO4− + 2 H+ + 2 e− ClO3− +  H2O +1.20 O2(g) + 4 H+ + 4 e− 2 H2O +1.229 MnO2(s) + 4 H+ + 2 e− Mn2+ + 2 H2O [HXeO4]− + 3 H2O +  e− Tl3+ + 2 e− Xe(g) + 7 OH− Tl+ +1.24 +1.25 Cr2O72− + 14 H+ + 6 e− Cl2(g) + 2 e− +1.23 2 Cr3+ + 7 H2O 2 Cl− +1.33 +1.36 CoO2(s) + 4 H+ +  e− Co3+ + 2 H2O +1.42 2 NH3O H+ +  H+ + 2 e− N2H5+ + 2 H2O +1.42 2 HIO(aq) + 2 H+ + 2 e− I2(s) + 2 H2O +1.44 Ce4+ +  e− Ce3+ BrO3− + 5 H+ + 4 e− +1.44 HBrO(aq) + 2 H2O β-PbO2(s) + 4 H+ + 2 e− Pb2+ + 2 H2O +1.45 +1.460 α-PbO2(s) + 4 H+ + 2 e− Pb2+ + 2 H2O +1.468 2 BrO3− + 12 H+ + 10 e− Br2(l) + 6 H2O +1.48 2ClO3− + 12 H+ + 10 e− Cl2(g) + 6 H2O +1.49 MnO4− + 8 H+ + 5 e− HO2• +  H+ +  e− Au3+ + 3 e− Mn2+ + 4 H2O  H2O2(aq) +1.51 Au(s) +1.52 NiO2(s) + 4 H+ + 2 e− Ni2+ + 2 OH− 2 HClO(aq) + 2 H+ + 2 e− Ag2O3(s) + 6 H+ + 4 e− Cl2(g) + 2 H2O 2 Ag+ + 3 H2O HClO2(aq) + 2 H+ + 2 e− Pb4+ + 2 e− +1.51 HClO(aq) +  H2O Pb2+ +1.59 +1.63 +1.67 +1.67 +1.69 MnO4− + 4 H+ + 3 e− MnO2(s) + 2 H2O +1.70 AgO(s) + 2 H+ +  e− Ag+ +  H2O +1.77   H2O2(aq) + 2 H+ + 2 e− Co3+ +  e− Co2+ +1.82 Au+ +  e− BrO4− + 2 H+ + 2 e− Ag2+ +  e− 2 H2O +1.78 Au(s) BrO3− +  H2O Ag+ S2O82− + 2 e− +1.85 +1.98 2 SO42− O3(g) + 2 H+ + 2 e− +1.83 +2.010 O2(g) +  H2O +2.075 HMnO4− + 3 H+ + 2 e− MnO2(s) + 2 H2O +2.09 XeO3(aq) + 6 H+ +  e− Xe(g) + 3 H2O +2.12 H4XeO6(aq) + 8 H+ +  e− FeO42− + 3 e− + 8 H+ Xe(g) +  H2O Fe3+ + 4 H2O +2.18 +2.20 XeF2(aq) + 2 H+ + 2 e− Xe(g) + 2HF(aq) H4XeO6(aq) + 2 H+ + 2 e− F2(g) + 2 e− XeO3(aq) +  H2O 2 F− F2(g) + 2 H+ + 2 e− +2.32 +2.42 +2.87 2 HF(aq) +3.05 TLTK: Vanýsek, Petr (2011) “Electrochemical Series”, in Handbook of Chemistry and Physics: 92nd Edition (Chemical Rubber Company) David R Lide, ed., CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, Internet Version 2005 Bard, A.J., Faulkner, L.R.(2001) Electrochemical Methods Fundamentals and Applications, 2nd edition (John Wiley and Sons Inc) Gordon Aylward & Tristan Findlay (2008) "SI Chemical Data", 6th edition (John Wiley & Sons, Australia) Bard, A J., Parsons, R., and Jordan, J (1985) Standard Potentials in Aqueous Solutions (Marcel Dekker, New York) Marcel Pourbaix (1966) Atlas of Electrochemical Equilibria in Aqueous Solutions (NACE International, Houston, Texas; Cebelcor, Brussels) Connelly, Neil G.; Geiger, William E (1 January 1996) "Chemical Redox Agents for Organometallic Chemistry" Chemical Reviews 96 (2): 877–910