Adverbial clauses

ADVERBIAL CLAUSES I, Clause of contrast (Tương phản) 1, Bắt dầu từ nối như: Although, though, even though, as, much as (dù), while, whereas, yet, however, nevertheless (tuy nhiên), no matter how/ who/ where/ what Ex: Although it rained, I went to school yesterday Cold as it was, we go out Note: however, nevertheless, on the other hand, in spite of this sử dụng dấu “;” dấu “.” để ngắt câu Ex: I don’t want to smoke; nevertheless I can’t give up I don’t want to smoke Nevertheless I can’t give up 2, Ngoài co số cụm từ như: In spite of/despite + V-ing/N-phrase, clause = In spite of the fact that/despite the fact that /though+ clause, clause As + adj/adv + S + V, clause = though/although S + Be/V + adj/adv, clause Ex: My sister will take a plane even though she dislikes plying In spite of/despite disliking flying, my sister will take a plane My sister will take a plane in spite of the fact that/despite he fact that she dislikes plying Hard as she studied, she didn’t pass the exam = although she studied hard, she didn’t pass the exam II Clause of reason: (nguyên nhân) Bắt dầu từ nối như: because, as, since, seeing that, now that (vì) + clause, clause Ex: Seeing that I have no money, i can’t buy any book I couldn’t my homework, because I was ill Note: Because-đặt sau mệnh đề để nhấn mạnh lí As, since, seeing that, now that thường đặt đầu câu để nhấn mạnh mệnh đề Thanks to: Nhờ có (nguyên nhân tốt) Due to: Do (Nguyên nhân xấu) Owing to: Vừa nhờ, vừa (cả NN tốt xấu) Because of: + Noun, clause On account of: Do As a result of curiosity (Vì tò mò) Out of + perversity (Vì ương bướng) necessity (vì cần thiết) III Clause of result (kết quả): Từ nối: so, thus, hence, consequently, therefore, so + Adj+ that + clause, so + Adj+ a/an Noun + that + clause, such a/an + Adj + Noun +that + clause Ex: I felt hungry, so I ate cakes So sánh với MĐề Nguyên nhân: I ate cakes because I felt hungry Mary is so intelligent that she can all of exercises Page | Mary is so intelligent a student that she can all of exercises Mary is such an intelligent student that she can all of exercises IV Clause of purpose (Mục đích) Từ nối như: So that, in order that, lest (kẻo) Trong mệnh đề muc đích thường có Modal Verb Can, could, may might, should, will Ex: She wants to live in London in order that she can improve her English So sánh với mệnh đề nguyên nhân: She wants to live in London because she want improve her English Ngoài có: To, in order to, so as to + V (Chỉ mục đích), in case, for fear that V Clause of manner (Cách thức): 1.Liên từ nối như: As (như là) Ex: We should as our teacher tells us Peter left the house as he had entered it 2.Mệnh đề bắt đầu as dùng cấu trúc đảo ngữ Ex: I’m a student, as are most of my friends = I’m a student, so are most of my friends 3.Từ nối như: How, as if, as though (như thể là) (Với as if, as though ta dung giả định) Ex: The teacher tells her students as if/ as though they were the adults I can’t understand how you can pass the exam There is something unfair here VI Clause of time (thời gian) When: -2 hành động liên tiếp - hành động xảy ra, hành động khác chen vào - hành động diễn song song While: - hành động xảy ra, hành động khác chen vào - hành động diễn song song As: khi… (chỉ thay đổi xảy lúc) QKĐ or QKTD Just as: Until/till: Before/after: với dạng hoàn thành By the time: vào lúc (luôn với dạng hoàn thành) As soon as (HTĐ+TLĐ, QKĐ+QKĐ)/no sooner … than(QKHT+QKĐđảo từ): vừa mới…đã e.g: He has no sooner/ No sooner had he arrived than he was asked to leave again Every time=whenever: lần (Đơn) Since: (prep)-chưa dùng HTHT: từ (adv) (+then): vị trí tuyệt đối cuối câu, dùng HTHT (kể từ đó) (conj): -Trước HTHT, sau QKĐ (từ khi) - HTHT+HTHT (be) Ex: we have been busy since he came here - Vì he has came here Once: Just as: 2.Khi dùng mệnh đề tgian, động từ mệnh đề phải phù hợp với với từ nối Trong mệnh đề thời gian, không dùng TL VII Clause of place (địa điểm): Với từ nối như: where, wherever Ex: I want to know where he’s living Page | I’ll go wherever you go Page |