Đề CƯƠNG hóa 11 (đầy đủ)

Truy cp website www.tailieupro.com nhn thờm nhiu ti liu hn Trng THPT S B Trch Nhúm Húa Hc - Húa 11 CHUYấN CHNG I: S IN LI https://www.facebook.com/tailieupro/ https://www.facebook.com/tailieupro/ https://www.facebook.com/tailieupro/ https://www.facebook.com/tailieupro/ https://www.facebook.com/tailieupro/ https://www.facebook.com/tailieupro/ https://www.facebook.com/tailieupro/ https://www.facebook.com/tailieupro/ https://www.facebook.com/tailieupro/ https://www.facebook.com/tailieupro/ https://www.facebook.com/tailieupro/ https://www.facebook.com/tailieupro/ https://www.facebook.com/tailieupro https://www.facebook.com/tailieupro https://www.facebook.com/tailieupro https://www.facebook.com/tailieupro https://www.facebook.com/tailieupro https://www.facebook.com/tailieupro https://www.facebook.com/tailieupr https://www.facebook.com/tailieupr https://www.facebook.com/tailieupr https://www.facebook.com/tailieupr A PHN Lí THUYT I S IN LI - S in li l quỏ trỡnh cỏc cht tan nc ion - Cht in li mnh: l cht tan nc, cỏc phõn t hũa tan u phõn li ion + Nhng cht in li mnh: Cỏc axit mnh: HCl, HNO3, H2SO4 cỏc baz mnh: KOH, NaOH, Ca(OH)2, Ba(OH)2 v hu ht cỏc mui HCl H+ + Cl Ba(OH)2 Ba2+ + 2OH - Cht in li yu: l cht tan nc ch cú mt s phn t hũa tan phõn li ion, phn t cũn li tn ti di dng phõn t dung dch + Nhng cht in li yu: L cỏc axit yu: CH3COOH, HClO, HF, H2Scỏc baz yu: Mg(OH)2, Al(OH)3 ắắ đ CH3COO - + H+ ơắ ắ II AXIT - BAZ - MUI Axit - Theo A-re-ni-ut: Axit l cht tan nc phõn li cation H+ HCl H+ + Cl - Axit mt nc: phõn li mt nc ion H+: HCl, HNO3, CH3COOH - Axit nhiu nc: phõn li nhiu nc ion H+: H3PO4 Baz - Theo A-re-ni-ut: Baz l cht tan nc phõn li ion H+ NaOH Na+ + OH Hidroxit lng tớnh - Hidroxit lng tớnh l hidroxit tan nc va cú th phõn li nh axit, va cú th phõn li nh baz Thớ d: Zn(OH)2 l hidroxit lng tớnh CH3COOH Phõn li theo kiu baz: Zn(OH)2 ắắ đ ơắ ắ Phõn li theo kiu axit: ắắ đ ơắ ắ Zn(OH)2 Zn2+ + ZnO2-2 + 2OH 2H+ Mui - Mui l hp cht tan nc phõn li cation kim loi (hoc cation NH +4 ) v anion l gc axit - Thớ d: NH4NO3 NH +4 + NO -3 NaHCO3 Na+ + HCO-3 III S IN LI CA NC pH CHT CH TH AXIT - BAZ - Tớch s ion ca nc l K H2O = [H+ ].[OH- ] = 1,0.10-14 ( 250C) Mt cỏch gn ỳng, cú th coi giỏ tr ca tớch s ny l hng s c dung dch loóng ca cỏc cht khỏc - Cỏc giỏ tr [H+] v pH c trng cho cỏc mụi trng Mụi trng trung tớnh: [H+] = 1,0.10-7M hoc pH = Mụi trng axit: [H+] > 1,0.10-7M hoc pH < Mụi trng kim: [H+] < 1,0.10-7M hoc pH > IV PHN NG TRAO I ION TRONG DUNG DCH CC CHT IN LI iu kin xóy phn ng - Phn ng trao i ion dung dch cỏc cht in li ch xóy cỏc ion kt hp li vi to thnh ớt nht mt cỏc cht sau: Ti liu ụn Húa Hc 11 Cm n quớ giỏo viờn ó cho i nhng ti liu tuyt vi