An archival analysis of green information technology the current state and future directions

AN ARCHIVAL ANALYSIS OF GREEN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY: THE CURRENT STATE AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS A Thesis Submitted In Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of Masters by Research (Information System- IT60) Bonny Tuskeen Tushi Bachelor of Commerce (Accounting) Diploma on Business Administration Supervisor: Dr Darshana Sedera Dr Sharmistha Dey Information Systems Science and Engineering Faculty Queensland University of Technology 2015 Keywords Archival Analysis, Green Information Technology, Green, Environment, Technology, Systems Information Technology, Information Systems An Archival Analysis OF Green Information Technology: The Current State and Future Directions i Abstract Research on Green Information Technology (IT) is becoming a prevalent research theme in Information Systems (IS) research This research provides a review of 199 papers published on Green IT/IS between 2007−2014 Our paper selection is unique, as we synthesize papers from three disciplines: Computer Science, Information Systems and Management The research presents taxonomy of segments in Green IT/IS publications, where the segments are later used for multiple analyses to facilitate future research and to provide a retrospective analysis of existing knowledge and gaps thereof While some researchers have discussed phenomena such as Green IT, motivation of Green IT and the Green IT adoption lifecycle, others have chosen to focus on the importance of Green IT implementation at the organisational and individual level Throughout the literature, scholars try to portray a constructive relationship between IT/IS and the environment This research also attempts to make a unique contribution to our understanding of Green IT/IS, by consolidating papers it observes current patterns of literature through approach analysis and segmentation, as well as allocating studies to the technology, process, or outcome (TPO) stage Highlighting the necessity of a consolidated approach, we combine these classification systems into a TPO matrix so that the studies could be arranged according to which stage of the Green IT cycle they were focused on We believe that these analyses will provide a solid platform from which future Green IT research can be launched This research is different to all other review papers as we create the segmentation to draw the overall picture of Green IT/IS with gathering all other papers that exist in the literature and also proposes TPO matrix where articles are consolidated and allocated An Archival Analysis OF Green Information Technology: The Current State and Future Directions ii Table of Contents Keywords i  Abstract ii  Table of Contents iii  List of Figures v  List of Tables vi  Statement of Original Authorship vii  Acknowledgements viii  Chapter 1: Introduction 1  1.1  1.2  Background .1  Research Question and Research Objectives 2  1.2.1  Research Question 3  1.2.2  Research Objectives 3  1.3  Scope 3  1.4  Contribution 4  1.5  Thesis Structure 5  1.6  Chapter Summary 7  Chapter 2: Literature Review 9  2.1 What is Green IT/IS 9  2.2 Initiatives in Green IT .11  2.3 Benefits of Green IT/IS .12  2.4 Green IT Policy Implementation in Different Countries 12  2.5 Green IT/IS Policy Implementation by Organization .13  2.6 Archival Analysis Techniques 14  2.7 Chapter Summary and Implications 15  Chapter 3: Research Design 16  3.1 Methodology .16  3.2 Research Design 17  3.3 Method 17  3.3.1 Data Collection Procedure 18  3.3.2 Classification Framework and Analysis 23  3.4 Ethics and Limitations 24  3.5 Chapter Summary and Implications 24  Chapter 4: Results and Analysis 25  4.1 Number of Results 25  4.2 Classification of Articles 2007-2014 29  4.2.1 Brief Overview of Green IT Literature 29  An Archival Analysis OF Green Information Technology: The Current State and Future Directions iii 4.2.2 Publications per Year 29  4.2.3 Publications by Discipline 30  4.2.4 Publications by Country 31  4.2.5 Publications by Theoretical Mechanisms 32  4.3 Segmentation of Green IT Research 42  4.3.1 Core of Green IT 47  4.3.2 Periphery 53  4.3.3 Beyond Green IT 72  4.4 Approach Analysis 80  4.4.1 Product longevity 83  4.4.2 Data Centre Design 84  4.4.3 Software and Deployment Optimization 84  4.4.4 Power Management 89  4.4.5 Materials Recycling 93  4.5 Chapter Summary .94  Chapter 5: Technology – Process – Outcome (TPO) 94  5.1 Technology-Process-Outcome Exploration 94  5.2 Chapter Summary 100  Chapter 6: Conclusions 101  6.1 Research Gap Analysis and Future Work .101  6.2 Conclusions and Outcomes .103  6.3 Limitations 104  6.4 Recommendations 104  Bibliography 107  Appendix  Appendix A References of Articles Read 121  An Archival Analysis OF Green Information Technology: The Current State and Future Directions iv List of Figures Figure 1: Thesis Structure 5  Figure 2: Domains of Green IT (Murugesan 2008) 10  Figure Method 18  Figure 4: Publications by Country 32  Figure 5: Theory comparison 42  Figure 6: Green IT Adoption/ Implementation Area (Kovačić et al 2008) 69  Figure 7: Segmentation Comparison 80    An Archival Analysis OF Green Information Technology: The Current State and Future Directions v List of Tables Table 1: Research Scope 4  Table 2: Journals Reviewed 19  Table 3: Conference Reviewed 20  Table 4: Number of Articles Reviewed (Journal) 26  Table 5: Number of Articles Reviewed (Conference) 27  Table 6: Quantitative Growth of Publications 30  Table 7: Theoretical Frameworks (used) in Green IT Literature 33  Table 8: Segmentation of Publications 43  Table 9: Identified Articles Expressing a Holistic Review on Green IT/IS 77  Table 10: Approach Analysis 81  Table 11: Technology – Process – Outcome Matrix 97    An Archival Analysis OF Green Information Technology: The Current State and Future Directions vi Statement of Original Authorship I, Bonny Tuskeen Tushi, certify that the work completed is mine alone, that the work contained in this thesis has not been previously submitted to meet requirements for an award at this or any other higher education institution, that the content of this thesis is the result of work which has been carried out since the official commencement date of the approved research program, that to the best of my knowledge and belief, the thesis contains no material previously published or written by another person except where due reference is made, and relevant ethics procedures and guidelines have been followed Signature: QUT Verified Signature Date: June 2015 An Archival Analysis OF Green Information Technology: The Current State and Future Directions vii Acknowledgements First of all, I am grateful to almighty Allah who has sent me here on earth to learn and grow and blessed me in so many ways as through special people who are part of my life My deepest gratitude for support and encouragement throughout my research study goes to my supervisor, Associate Professor Darshana Sedera This project could not be competed without the input and guidance provided by him I am deeply appreciative for the excellent direction and support I have received from him throughout this entire process He was not only a superb mentor, but also too kind for words It has been my privilege to have him as my supervisor I would like to express my sincere appreciation to Dr Sharmistha Dey who has reviewed this thesis and has given me time, patient council and encouragement I am grateful to my distinguished colleagues in the post-grade research lab at Queensland University of Technology (QUT) for their selfless support I had the good fortune to make very good friends at QUT It would be impossible to list all the outstanding individuals that I have met here I was blessed with the constant flow of smart, progressive and fun individuals without whom life here would have been colourless and who helped me to push myself intellectually and academically We pursue different things, have different backgrounds, and were born in quite different countries (Sri Lanka, Saudi Arabia, Malaysia, Bangladesh, India) and yet we share so much in common I know that I could always stalk to them-and get the best advice Finally, I would like to acknowledge the support, patience and encouragement provided by my family I am very grateful to my husband MD An Archival Analysis OF Green Information Technology: The Current State and Future Directions viii Istehadur Rahman who has been with me every step of the way, providing me with friendship and extraordinary level of support, encouragement and understanding during the endeavour I would like to thank my parents who have always encouraged me to pursue my dreams through higher education My father MD Nazrul Islam and mother Wazeda Khatun, and my sister (Noor Tuly and Nowreen Poly) provided me their unfailing love, supports, patience and understanding I would never have been able to complete this without my family by my side Finally, I thank all of my friends in Bangladesh and Australia, for love, support 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Vlek and Steg 2007) 2008 (Boudreau et al 2008; Chetty et al 2008; David 2008; Forrest et al 2008; 14 Fuchs 2008; Huang 2008; Kovačić et al 2008; Krikke 2008; Martinez and Bahloul 2008; Molla 2008; Molla et al 2008; Murugesan 2008; Wang 2008; Woodruff et al 2008) 2009 (Babin and Nicholson 2009; Capra and Merlo 2009; Chang 2009; Chen et 26 al 2009; Chetty et al 2009; Chow and Chen 2009; Daly and Butler 2009; Dedrick 2009; Eastwood 2009; Esty and Winston 2009; Guster et al 2009; Harmon and Auseklis 2009; Hasan et al 2009; Herrick and Ritschard 2009; Hobby et al 2009; Huang 2009; Liu et al 2009; Mann et al 2009; Molla 2009; Molla et al 2009a; Molla et al 2009c; Niyato et al 2009; Ruth 2009; Sarkar and Young 2009; Sayeed and Gill 2009; Vykoukal et al 2009) 2010 (Ansari et al 2010; Bachour and Chasteen 2010; Baek and Chilimbi 35 2010; Beloglazov and Buyya 2010b; Berral et al 2010; Brooks et al 2010; Chen and Yoon 2010; Cooper and Molla 2010; Corbett 2010; Corbett et al 2010; Datta et al 2010; Dedrick 2010; Doh et al 2010; Garg et al 2010; Iacobelli et al 2010; Ijab et al 2010; Kim and Ko 2010; Kuo and Dick 2010; Kuo 2010; Kurokawa et al 2010; McLaren et al 2010; Melville 2010; Mithas et al 2010; Molla and Cooper 2010; Osch and Avital 2010; Schmidt et al 2010a; Schmidt et al 2010b; Seidel et al 2010; Thirupathi Rao et al 2010; Watson et al 2010; Yamini and Selvi 2010; Yang et al 2010; Ying and Al-Hakim 2010; Zhang et al 2010) 2011 (Aoun et al 2011a; Aoun et al 2011b; Babin and Nicholson 2011; Baliga 42 et al 2011; Bengtsson and Ågerfalk 2011; Bose and Luo 2011; Butler Appendix 121 2011; Cater-Steel and Tan 2011; Chai-Arayalert and Nakata 2011; Cheung and Jacobsen 2011; Dao et al 2011; Dubey and Hefley 2011; Elliot 2011; Enokido et al 2011; Erek et al 2011; Germain-Renaud et al 2011; Gupta et al 2011; Hanne 2011; Jain et al 2011; Jenkin et al 2011; Kipp et al 2011; Lamb 2011; Liu et al 2011; Loeser et al 2011; Loock et al 2011; Loos et al 2011; Mata-Toledo and Gupta 2011; Molla and Abareshi 2011a; Molla et al 2011; Müller et al 2011; Nedbal et al 2011; Nishant et al 2011; Pitt et al 2011; Rao et al 2011; Salomie et al 2011; Siddavatam et al 2011; Taha Ijab et al 2011; Tan et al 2011; Vazquez et al 2011; Wang and Wang 2011; Wati and Koo 2011; Young Choon and Zomaya 2011) 2012 (Beloglazov et al 2012; Bose and Luo 2012; Brocke et al 2012; Brooks 36 et al 2012; Butler 2012; Chaudhari et al 2012; Chou and Chou 2012; Cooper and Molla 2012; Dasilva et al 2012; Erek et al 2012; Fradley et al 2012; Harmon et al 2012; Hedman et al 2012; Howard and Lubbe 2012; Ijab et al 2012; Inoue et al 2012a; Inoue et al 2012b; Korte et al 2012; Lei and Wai Ting Ngai 2012; Loeser 2012; Metzger et al 2012; Mohan et al 2012; Molla and Abareshi 2012; Nanath and Pillai 2012a; Nanath and Pillai 2012b; Nazari and Karim 2012; Pauwels et al 2012; Pernici et al 2012; Scott and Watson 2012; Seidel and Recker 2012; Simmonds and Bhattacherjee 2012; Stolze et al 2012; Uddin and Rahman 2012; Unhelkar 2012; Zhiwei 2012) 2013 (Brocke et al 2013; Cai et al 2013; Chou 2013; Cooper and Molla 2013; 29 Dick et al 2013; Fradley et al 2013; Gavrilovska et al 2013; Gholami et al 2013; Grimm et al 2013; Khan and Khan 2013; Koo et al 2013; Lee et al 2013; Lei and Ngai 2013; Loeser 2013; Loock et al 2013; Malhotra et al 2013; Marett et al 2013; Nishant et al 2013; Rahim and Rahman 2013; Rawai et al 2013; Rogers et al 2013; Schödwell et al 2013; Seidel et al 2013; Smeitink and Spruit 2013; Trimi and Park 2013; Vom Brocke et al 2013a; Vom Brocke et al 2013b; White 2013; Yunus et al 2013) 2014 (Atkinson et al 2014; Bener et al 2014; Grant and Appan 2014; Grant 15 and Marshburn 2014; Hilpert et al 2014; Lei and Ngai 2014; Mancha et al 2014; Mishra et al 2014; Molla and Cooper 2014; Nomani and Cater- Appendix 122 Steel 2014; Opitz et al 2014; Simmonds and Bhattacherjee 2014; Stiel 2014; Zheng 2014; Zhou 2014) Appendix 123 ... Finally, I thank all of my friends in Bangladesh and Australia, for love, support and friendship An Archival Analysis OF Green Information Technology: The Current State and Future Directions ix... acknowledge the support, patience and encouragement provided by my family I am very grateful to my husband MD An Archival Analysis OF Green Information Technology: The Current State and Future Directions. ..Keywords Archival Analysis, Green Information Technology, Green, Environment, Technology, Systems Information Technology, Information Systems An Archival Analysis OF Green Information Technology: The