An introduction to GMDSS 8th

WWW.HANGHAIVIETNAM.COM WWW.HANGHAIVIETNAM.COM WWW.HANGHAIVIETNAM.COM AN INTRODUCTION TO GMDSS (Revised GOC Edition) I i I ! WWW.HANGHAIVIETNAM.COM r WWW.HANGHAIVIETNAM.COM © Kristensen Marine Communication 2010 Layout: Robert Walker, DataDesign, N-8392 Sorvagen Illustrations redrawn/scanned by DataDesign Language consultants: DataDesign 8th edition ISBN 978-82-92035-24-5 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, photocopied, recorded, or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher FOR FURTHER INFORMATION, PLEASE CONTACT: KRISTENSEN MARINE COMMUNICATION NAKKENVN 21 N-831 KABELVAAG, NORWAY WWW.HANGHAIVIETNAM.COM © POSEIDON, 2010 Unauthorised photocopying or reproduction prohibited WWW.HANGHAIVIETNAM.COM AN INTRODUCTION TO GMDSS Tor R Kristensen Produced by: [F)@@IED[Q)@[K!] P.O Box 89, N-8376 Leknes, Norway Tel +47 760 54330 Fax: +47 760 82006 E-mail: info@poseidon.no Internet: www.poseidon.no WWW.HANGHAIVIETNAM.COM © POSEIDON, 2010 Unauthorised photocopying or reproduction prohibited WWW.HANGHAIVIETNAM.COM An Introduction to GMDSS Contents Preface Page CHAPTER THE GLOBAL MARITIME DISTRESS AND SAFETY SYSTEM Page 11 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.8 1,9 1.10 Introduction Page 11 Means of Communication -definitions Page 12 GMDSS system configuration Page 13 GMDSS Implementation Schedule Page 14 GMDSS- functional requirements Page 14 GMDSS ships- radio watch Page 15 Basic equipment - minimum requirements Page 16 Maintenance requirements for GMDSS equipment Page 21 The GMDSS Master Plan Page 21 EXERCISES - GMDSS .,, Page 23 CHAPTER2 SHIP's ANTENNAS•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• Page 25 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.8 2.9 2.10 2.11 2.12 2.13 2.14 2.15 2.16 General Information Page 25 Radio waves Page 26 Antenna length and resonance frequency Page 26 Radio wavelengths and frequencies Page 28 Unit of measurement: Hertz (Hz) Page 28 Table of wavelengths • Page 30 Propagation of Radio Waves Page 31 VHF Page 32 MF Page 33 HF Page 34 lnmarsat-B antennas Page 35 Inmarsat-C antennas ~ Page 36 Simplex transmission Page 37 Duplex transmission Page 37 Antenna maintenance Page 37 EXERCISES -ANTENNAS Page 43 CHAPTER3 REGULATIONS AND TRAFFIC PROCEDURES •••••• ••••••••••••• Page 45 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9 3.10 3.11 3.12 3.13 3.14 3.15 3.16 Ship· s Radio Licences Page 45 Radio Surveys and Radio Safety Certificates Page 45 Operation of the Ship Station - Operator Certificates Page 45 Observance of Secrecy Page 46 Priority for distress calls, distress messages and other messages concerning the safety of lives at sea Page 46 Unauthorised transmissions Page 46 Control and adjustment of radio transmitters Page 46 Service documents Page 46 Radio log Page 47 Radio Telephony Communications- Calling Procedures Page 47 Traffic Lists Page 50 MF radio telephony (coast telephony) Page 50 The international distress and calling frequency 2182 kHz Page 51 General calling procedures Page 51 HF telephony Page 52 Traffic lists Page 53 WWW.HANGHAIVIETNAM.COM © POSEIDON, 2010 Unauthorised photocopying or reproduction prohibited An WWW.HANGHAIVIETNAM.COM Introduction to GMDSS CHAPTER4 DISTRESS SIGNALS AND DISTRESS TRAFFIC ••••••.•.••.• •••••• Page 55 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 4.10 4.11 Introduction Page 55 General regulations Page 55 The international distress and calling frequency 2182kHz·····················:·················· Page 56 Silence periods Page 56 The radiotelephony alarm signal • Page '56 The distress signal- MAYDAY Page 57 The distress call Page 57 The distress message Page 57 Acknowledgement of receipt of a distress message Page 58 Distress traffic :································································· Page 59 Transmission of a distress message by a station not itself in distress Page 60 CHAPTERS URGENCY TRANSMISSIONS •••.•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• •.•• Page 63 5.1 5.2 Urgency signal Page 63 Medical Advice, Medico Page 64 CHAPTER6 SAFE1rl' TRANSMISSIONS ••••••••.•.••••••••••••••••••••••••.•••••••••••••••• Page 65 6.1 6.2 6.3 Safety signals and messages Page 65 Exercises: Regulations and Traffic Procedures Page 67 Exercises - Distress, Urgency and Safety Traffic Page 68 CHAPTER DSC- DIGITAL SELECTIVE CALLING •.•.•••••••••••••••.•••••••••••.•••• Page 69 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.6 7 Background Page 69 DSC ··································································································································:Page 69 The Individual Elements of the DSC Call ~ Page 71 DSC routine call Page 72 Selective calling numbers in GMDSS Page 73 MMSINumbers .' Page 74 Exercises DSC Page 75 CHAPTERS DSC PROCEDURES FOR VHF- MF AND HF.••••••••••••.•••••••••• Page 77 Introduction Page 77 8.1 Distress Page 77 8.2 Urgency Page 80 8.3 Safety ' Page 81 8.4 Public Correspondence Page 83 8.5 Testing the equipment used for distress and safety Page 84 8.6 Special conditions and procedures for DSC communication on HF Page 85 8.7 EXERCISES- DSC OPERATIONAL PROCEDURES Page 91 CHAPTER IN~R!iA1r ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• i»CI!I~ ~!i 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 9.6 Introduction \ Page 95 A General Overview Page 95 The space segment Page 96 Coast Earth Stations (CES) Page 97 Network Co-ordinating Station CS) Page 98 Ship Earth Station (SES) Page 9.$ lnmarsat Mobile Number Page 98 WWW.HANGHAIVIETNAM.COM © POSEIDON, 2010 Unauthorised photocopying or reproduction prohibited WWW.HANGHAIVIETNAM.COM An Introduction to GMDSS 9.8 9.9 9.10 9.11 9.12 9.13 9.14 9.15 9.16 9.17 9.18 9.19 9.20 9.21 Inmarsat Commissioning Page 99 The Inmarsat B, C and M systems Page 100 Inmarsat-B SES equipment Page 101 Antenna direction/tracking Page 102 The Ship's Plotted Position Page 103 The Ship's heading (Gyro course) Page 103 Azimuth angle Page 103 Elevation angle Page 104 Elevation angle map Page 105 Azimuth angle map Page 106 Inmarsat MIB LES Page 107 Inmarsat C LES Page 107 Inmarsat Fleet F77 Page 108 EXERCISES -INMARSAT Page 109 CHAPTER 10 INMARSAT-FLEET F77 ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• Page 11 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.5 10.6 10.7 Introduction 110 System Description 110 Fleet F77 Equipment 110 Distress, Urgency and Safety Communication 111 Transmitting Distress Calls Using Fleet F77 112 Inmarsat Mobile Number 112 EXERCISES: FLEET F77 113 CHAPTER 11 INMARSAT-C ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••.•••••••••••••••••••••• Page 114 11.1 11 11.3 11.4 11.5 11.6 11.7 11.8 Introduction Page 114 System operation Page 114 Inmarsat-C Equipment Page 115 The Inmarsat-C system Page 115 Inmarsat Mobile Number (IMN) Page 116 The lnmarsat-C Communication services L Page 116 Accessing different networks using an Inmarsat-C SES Page 120 EXERCISES -INMARSAT-C Page 121 CHAPTER 12 INMARSAT-M/B •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• Page 123 12.1 12.2 12.3 12.4 12.5 12.6.1 12.7.1 12.8 Introduction Page Basic system architecture Page System operation Page Single and Multi-channel Inmarsat M and B SESs Page Inmarsat MIB numbering scheme Page Sending a DISTRESS message by telex using an Inmarsat-B SES Page Making a telephone call Page EXERCISES- INMARSAT-M/B Page 123 123 123 125 126 126 127 128 CHAPTER 13 TELEX OVER RADIO •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• Page 129 13.1 13.2 13.3 13.4 13.5 13.6 13.7 Background Page The System Page The Modem Page Modulation Page ARQ Page FEC Page SELFEC Page WWW.HANGHAIVIETNAM.COM 129 129 130 131 132 133 134 © POSEIDON, 2010 Unauthorised photocopying or reproduction prohibited An WWW.HANGHAIVIETNAM.COM Introduction to GMDSS 13.8 13.9 Radiotelex over Coast Stations .• Page 134 EXERCISES Page 134 CHAPTER14 MARITIME SAFETY INFORMATION UNDER THE GMDSS Page 135 14.1 14.2 14.3 14.4 14.5 14.6 14.7 14.8 14.9 14.10 14.11 14.12 14.13 14.14 14.15 14.16 Background : Page Maritime Safety Information- MSI Page The Navtex System .- Page Navareas Page Navarea ! Page Building up a Navtex Message Page Examples ofNavtex Messages Page National Navtex service , Page The Navtex receiver Page EGC - Enhanced Group Call Page SafetyNET broadcast messages Page Availability ofMSI in different NAVAREAS/METAREAS Page Reception of EGC messages - operating your EGC receiver Page EGC - message examples Page High frequency (HF) MSI Page EXERCISES- NAVTEX, EGC Page 135 135 135 136 136 138 139 140 140 140 142 143 148 150 151 153 CHAPTER 15 EMERGENCY RADIO BEACONS Page 155 15.1 15.2 15.3 15.4 15.5 15.6 15.7 General Information Page 155 Different types ofradio beacons Page ,155 Basic Concepts of the COSPAS/SARSAT System ; Page 156 Facts about COSPAS/SARSAT as of December 2007 Page 160 The COSPAS/SARSAT Beacon Page 160 VHF emergency beacons for manual activation Page 163 VHF Emergency Beacon (DSC channel70) Page 164 CHAPTER16 SART - SEARCH AND RESCUE TRANSPONDERS - PORTABLE VHF TRANSCEIVERS ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• Page 165 16.1 16.2 16.3 16.4 16.5 16.6 16.7 16.8 16.9 Background ' Page Range performance , Page Categories of SARI Page Testprocedure Page Specifications Page Labels and marking Page Portable VHF Transceivers : Page VHF Emergency Communication Set Page EXERCISES- EPIRB, SARI, PORTABLE VHF TRANSCEIVERS Page 165 165 165 166 166 166 168 169 170 CHAPTER 17 POWER SUPPLIES ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• Page 171 17.1 17.2 17.3 17.4 17.5 17.6 17.7 Radio batteries Page Lead batteries Page Ni-Fe batteries Page Ni-Cd batteries Page UPS (Uninterrupted Power Supply) Page Capacity requirements Page EXERCISES - POWER SUPPLIES Page 171 171 173 173 174 175 177 '~ WWW.HANGHAIVIETNAM.COM © POSEIDON, 2010 Unauthorised photocopying or reproduction prohibited WWW.HANGHAIVIETNAM.COM An Introduction to GMDSS CHAPTER 18 MARITIME MOBILE TRAFFIC CHARGES •••••••••••••••••••••••••••• Page 179 18.1 18.2 18.3 18.4 18.5 18.6 18.7 Radio telephone calls Page Charges for radio telephone calls Page Radiotelegrams ······'·········································································································Page Keeping a Radio Log Page Telephone and telex via Inmarsat-B Page Inmarsat-C Charges Page EXERCISES - CHARGES Page 179 179 180 181 181 182 186 CHAPTER19 FALSE ALERTS IN THE GMDSS Page 187 19.1 19.2 19.3 19.4 19.5 19.6 19.7 General Information Page INMARSAT-C Page EPIRB Page DSC Page Guidelines for avoiding false distress alerts Page Instructions for mariners and others for cancelling a false distress alert Page EXERCISES- FALSE ALERTS IN THE GMDSS Page 187 187 188 188 189 193 194 CHAPTER20 THE ROLE OF THE RCC IN THE GMDSS ••••••••••••••••••••••••••• Page 195 20.1 20.2 20.3 20.4 20.5 20;6 THE 1974 SOLAS CONVENTION Page 195 THE GMDSS SYSTEM Page 195 RCC's- MRCC's- SAR CO-ORDINATION Page 196 Action by the first RCC on receipt of distress alert Page 198 A genuine rescue operation Page 198 EXERCISES - THE ROLE OF THE RCC IN THE GMDSS Page 200 APPENDIX ·································································~······Page 201 Elementary Fault Localisation and Repairs Page 201 t APPENDIX .• • • • • Page 203 Distress Alert Procedure for VHF/MF Telephony and Phonetic Alphabet Page 203 Distress AJert procedure for Maritime GMDSS VHF /MF Page 204 APPENDIX •• •.•••.•• ••.• •••.•.•.•••.• •• ••••.• ••••• ••.•••• • Page 205 ABBREVIATIONS Page 205 APPENDIX •.•.•• •.•.•.•.•.•••••.•.••.• •.•.•••.•.•.•.•.• •••••.•• • •.••• Page 207 Overview of GMDSS frequencies Page 207 APPENDIX •.• •• •• •.•••.•.••.•• •.•••.•.•.•• • ••• •••••••.•• Page 209 DSC Calling Frequencies Page 209 REFERENCES ••••••.•.•••••••••••••••••••••••••••.••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• Page 21 WWW.HANGHAIVIETNAM.COM © POSEIDON, 2010 Unauthorised photocopying or reproduction prohibited WWW.HANGHAIVIETNAM.COM An Introduction to GMDSS Preface General information The 20th century witnessed a revolution with regard to_ the development of maritime radio communications It began with Marconi's groundbreaking wireless communication across the Atlantic, and ended with the complete implementation of the GMDSS system in 1999 It soon became clear that an efficient system of maritime radio commu- nications would be contingent on internationally adopted regulations The first international agreements regarding maritime radio communications were drafted by the ITU (International Telecommunications Union) Gradually, the need for comprehensive control became more and more urgent, and the SOLAS (Safety of Lives at Sea) Convention was therefore employed as the instrument of the IMO (International Maritime Organization) The distress and safety system employed at sea until1992, is defined in Chapter IV of the SOLAS 1974 Convention and ITU regulations This involved ships at sea maintaining watch on 500kHz Morse and manual watch on 2182kHz VHF Channel16 (156.800 MHz) This distress and safety system had obvious drawbacks, such as short range, manual alerting and the manual monitoring of distress frequencies For this reason, IMO instigated the development of a new system based on: the shortcomings of the existing distress and safety system the fact that modem technology had already been employed in commercial traffic to achieve increased efficiency, while distress and safety communications at sea were still based on out-dated technology and old-fashioned systems The new system developed by IMO was called the Global Maritime Distress and Safety System (GMDSS) and was available for use at sea from February 1992 Objectives "An Introduction to GMDSS/GOC" covers GMDSS theory, provides basic knowledge of the system and its limitations and potential, and is intended to cover the curriculum required for the "General Operator's Certificate." The individual GMDSS systems themselves are dealt with in separate chapters and provide the reader with insight into procedures and the equipment required on board ships fitted in compliance with GMDSS demands The book also deals with the importance of understanding the limitations and potential of the various radio systems within the GMDSS, with regard to range and coverage ,\ WWW.HANGHAIVIETNAM.COM © POSEIDON, 2010 Unauthorised photocopying or reproduction prohibited WWW.HANGHAIVIETNAM.COM An Introduction to GMDSS I Outside SRR boundaries, a distress call will be routed via coast radio stations, coast earth stations and MCC 's to an associated MRCC, which may be located thousands of miles away from the scene of distress When the MRCC has received the distress call, its next step is to try and locate another MRCC or shore authority in the vicinity, or any ship that will take over responsibility and co-ordinate the assistance required In effect we are back to the "old system" where sailor helped sailor without any support from shore-based rescue authorities When an MRCC receives a distress alert or information about dangerous situations at sea, it starts an immediate evaluation of the situation MRCC's use three different categories to define a distress situation at sea: a) The uncertainty phase b) The alert phase c) The distress phase In situations which reflect the first two phases, the MRCC will begin running communication checks, and at the same time make any enquiries it can in order to provide the best possible background information about the ship Further action taken by the MRCC will be based on all the information at hand, and at this point, the MRCC will also alert the appropriate SAR resources to prepare them for action When the distress phase occurs, the MRCC has no time to lose The MRCC will start working as soon as possible, and its first task will be to determine the position of distressed vessel as accurately as possible · Information on the position of the distressed vessel is very important in enabling the MRCC to calculate the extent of an area to be searched in by SAR units At this stage the MRCC will request assistance from services not generally included in the SAR organization, such as aircraft, ve~sels or other services The relaying of a distress alert from an MRCC to the vessels in the vicinity of a distress incident, will be carried out via satellite communication to SES 's (Ship Earth Stations) and by terrestrial communication systems on dedicated frequencies To avoid alerting all ships in a large sea area, a distress call will be addressed to a specific ship, a selected group of ships or to ships within a specified geographical area Other important tasks undertaken by MRCC's include: - Informing the owner/agent of the vessel about the situation - notifying other RCC/Rescue Sub-Centres - informing consular/diplomatic authorities © POSEIDON, 2010 Unauthorised photocopying or reproduction prohibited WWW.HANGHAIVIETNAM.COM 197 I I WWW.HANGHAIVIETNAM.COM An Introduction to GMDSS - notifying aircraft, vessels and other SAR services when assist ance is no longer required In conclusion, there is still a lack of agreement outside SRR boundaries and many countries have yet to ratify the SAR Convention Most of the countries involved, however, are endeavouring to work within the guidelines recommended by IMO As a special service, IMO has developed guidelines for use by MRCC's, containing procedure for handling distress alerts that originate outside SRR boundaries This service includes a SAR flow-chart showing communications and procedures 20.4 ACTION BY THE FIRST RCC ON RECEIPT OF DISTRESS ALERT , ~ ! ~ CO-OR~~ATE · ADVISE SHIPS IN THE VICINITY BY BROADCASTS ASSISTANCE TO SHIP IN DISTRESS YES IS INCIDENT IN OWN SEARCH AND RESCUE REGION? CONTINUE TO COMMUI)IICATE WITH SHIP IN DISTRESS UNTIL OTHER RCC IN DIRECT TOUCH IS INCIDENT IN ANOTHER :n;;;r"''-'''• AND RESCUE 1- ;.; ~ REGION? 20.5 ' - WHERE PRACTICABLE COMMUNICATE WITH SHIP IN DISTRESS IS THE OTHER RCC PREPARED TO ACCEPT RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE INCIDENT? YES TRANSFER CO-ORDINATION RESPONSIBILITIES TO OTHER RCC A GENUINE RESCUE OPERATION The following example of a real event illustrates the co-ordination work of an MRCC when receiving a distress call from a ship outside its SRR boundaries ~ Towards the end of 1994, the value of the GMDSS as a saver of lives was proven when the cruise vessel "Achille Lauro" had caught fire in position around the Hom of Africa en route to the Seychelles 198 ©POSEIDON, 2010 Unauthorised photocopying or reproduction prohibited_ WWW.HANGHAIVIETNAM.COM WWW.HANGHAIVIETNAM.COM An Introduction to GMDSS About 1,000 people were saved thanks to co-operation between MRCC 's and the use of communication systems within the GMDSS MRCC -South Norway located in Stavanger received an Inmarsat-A call from the Dutch livestock carrier "Corriedale Express" Corriedale Express had received a message on 500 Khz (morse), from another vessel with callsign "HSDL", that "Achille Lauro" was on fire and needed immediate assistance The first action taken by MRCC Stavanger was to notify all vessels in the area of the incident by way of an EGC SafetyNet broadcast using all Inmarsat systems Falmouth MRCC UK was rebroadcasting all Inmarsat-A messages using the Inmarsat-C system In this way, MRCC Falmouth UK assisted MRCC Stavanger so that the ships on the scene were fully informed about the distress situation Several vessels in the area responded immediately MRCC Stavanger appointed the Shell tanker "Lima" as Surface Search Coordinator, as this ship had the best "all round" communication system in the area of the incident Due to the absence ofMRCC facilities on the east coast ofAfrica, MRCC Stavanger assumed responsibility for operations and began coordinating the SAR operation MRCC Stavanger plotted the positions, course and speed of the vessels in the area (the rescue fleet) The first ship to arrive on the scene, the tanker "Hawaiian King", proceeded to establish VHF communication with "Achille Lauro" She reported that most of the passengers and crew from "Achille Lauro" had abandoned ship and boarded the lifeboats and life rafts The evacuees were in no imminent danger as several ships were steaming for the "Achille Lauro's" position The weather in the area was characterised by a calm wind a~d a rather low cloud base which reduced visibility to approximately to nautical miles MRCC Stavanger did not want to risk a collision in the distress area due to the abundance of vessels there, so all but eight were asked to stand down The "Hawaiian King" rescued most of the people from the boats and the bulk carrier "Bardu" rescued the rest of the evacuees from the stricken ship As far as communication is concerned, MRCC Stavanger kept in contact with the rescue fleet with the help of the Inmarsat-A and lnmarsat-C systems However, the quality and accessibility of the communication link with the ships involved caused an unexpected problem MRCC Stavanger lost contact with the rescue ships for about hours © POSEIDON, 2010 Unauthorised photocopying or reproduction prohibited WWW.HANGHAIVIETNAM.COM 199 1, WWW.HANGHAIVIETNAM.COM An Introduction to GMDSS because calls from the media and other authorities occupied Inmarsat lines To solve this problem, a dedicated telex link was set up with the "Lima" and the "Hawaiian King" via Eik CES, Norway Nearly 1,000 people were evacuated from the "Achille Lauro" and only lives were lost As far as MRCC Stavanger is concerned, their main task in this SAR operation was one of co-ordination work, which extended beyond the rescue work MRCC Stavanger dealt with all the parties involved, including shipowners, insurers, the authorities in the survivor's home countries and the US Navy The incident also proved that relayable communication links such as those offered by the GMDSS, have greatly increased the ability shorebased rescue authorities to alert other ships at sea Finally, two American warships were dispatched by the US Navy to steam down to the distress position and pick up survivors, provide water, food and shelter, and bring the survivors to safety All of this was done via the Inmarsat communication system! 20.6 Exercises - The role of the RCC in the GMDSS What is the function of the MRCC/RCC in the GMDSS? Describe the routing of a distress alert within SRR boundaries Describe the routing of a distress message outside SRR boundaries What is an SRR (Search and Rescue Region)? What is the function of an On-Scene Co-ordinator during a SAR operation at sea? Illustrate the action taken by the "First MRCC" on receipt of a distress alert originating outside SRR boundaries? 200 ©POSEIDON, 2010 Unauthorised photocopying or reproduction prohibited WWW.HANGHAIVIETNAM.COM WWW.HANGHAIVIETNAM.COM An Introduction to GMDSS APPENDIX Elementary Fault Localisation and Repairs Type of equipment Battery charger Software/internal test Check meter readings Other test Measure charging voltage in trickle charge and boost charge Trickle charge 2,23 +/- 0,02V per cell Boost charge 2,4 V per cell NiCd batteries Voltmeter readings, check battery specifications General rule: Trickle charge shoud be 1,42 +- 0,02 Volt/cell Boost charge 1,6-1,7 Volt/cell Lead batteries Check acid by means ofhy- Voltmeter readings, check drometer battery specification Fully charged: 1,28 Discharged: 1, 18 General rule: Trickle charge shoud be 2,23+-0,03 Volt/cell Boost charge 2,4 Volt/cell Antennas Visual check for breakage or cracks in the glasfibre materia Antenna cables Fuses VHF transceiver VHFDSC Some VHFs have simple test functions like the SKANTI 3000 series Always read the manual Selftest program: MF IHF antennas shoud be megger tested VHF antennas shoud be tested with power meter showing transmitted and reflected power Visual check for damages and ~ater leakage Test with power meter for transmitted and refleeted power Check conductivity by means of a multimeter on range for resistance Radio check to a coast station or other VHF Test against duplicated VHF using own MMSI number · © POSEIDON, 2010 Unauthorised photocopying or reproductionWWW.HANGHAIVIETNAM.COM prohibited 201 WWW.HANGHAIVIETNAM.COM An Introduction to GMDSS Type of equipment MF/HF transceiver MF/HFDSC Radio telex Navtex Inmarsat C terminal Radar Transponders Float-free EPIRB Hammer releaser Portable VHFs 202 Software/internal test Other test Selftest program Test TX against coast stations in the MF and the HF band Check two-tone alarm generator on dummyload or on test frequency Check Rx by listening to different faraway coast stations Transmit TEST file to coast Self test program station on MF IHF distress channels FEC: Scan channels from coast stations transmitting trafficlist or other· broadcast messages ARQ: In Maritex use special command such as TST+ MRK+or RTS+ All these tests are non-charged Otherwise make a call to a coast station Run internal test program Check last print out and PRINT STATUS Perform Link-test/ PV (PerGo to STATUS window formance and verification check MMSI number test), or print out latest results I of this test Transmit test msg to own IMN via CES Check battery expiry date Test against em radar- check rings on radar screen and listen for audio signals Test switch on EPIRB - check Visual check for damages or that test is in accordance cracks on the body Check withthe manual service and battery expiry Note.Some EPIRBs may date transmit a real distress msg Always test inside the ship Must be replaced every Check expiry date Check that second year line attatched to freefloat is not loose or tied up to the ship Must be waterproof Ref IMO_Res 605(15) IMO Res.762(18) Check Lithium batteries expiry date Used batteries must be replaced Use rechargable NiCd batteries to test against otherVHFs WWW.HANGHAIVIETNAM.COM ©POSEIDON, 2010 Unauthorised photocopying or reproduction prohibited WWW.HANGHAIVIETNAM.COM An Introduction to GMDSS APPENDIX DISTRESS ALERT PROCEDURE FOR VHF AND MF TELEFONY/PHONETIC ALPHABET for maritime VHF/MF telephony 1) DISTRESS CALLS shall be transmitted on Channel16 or 2182kHz -MAYDAY (3 times) -THIS IS -Name of the vessel, call sign, or other identification (3 times) 2) DISTRESS MESSAGES shall be transmitted on Channel16 or 2182kHz -MAYDAY (once) - Name of the vessel, call sign, or other identification - The ship's position - The nature of the distress situation and what assistance is required - Any other information that may facilitate the rescue operation 3) DISTRESS CALL and DISTRESS MESSAGE shall be repeated at regular intervals until acknowledgment has been received If time permits, write down the distress message Speak slowly and distinctly The phontetic alphabet A- ALFA B- BRAVO C- CHARLIE D - DELTA E - ECHO F - FOXTROT G - GOLF H- HOTEL I-INDIA J- JULIETT K - KILO L- LIMA M - MIKE N - NOVEMBER 0-0SCAR P-PAPA Q-QUEBEC R-ROMEO S-SIERRA T- TANGO U-UNIFORM V-VIKTOR W-WHISKEY X-XRAY Y-YANKEE Z-ZULU -, ( ©POSEIDON, 2010 Unauthorised photocopying or reproduction prohibited WWW.HANGHAIVIETNAM.COM 203 WWW.HANGHAIVIETNAM.COM An Introduction to GMDSS DISTRESS ALERT PROCEDURE FOR MARITIME GMDSS VHF/MF DISTRESS ALERT PROCEDURE for maritime GMDSS VHF /MF DISTRESS ALERT on VHF-DSC on channel 70/ MF-DSC 2187.5 kHz · • If time permits, key in or select on the DSC equipment board: the nature of distress the ship's last known position in latitude and longitude (automatic from the GNSS if installed) the time (in UTC) the position was valid type of subsequent distress communication (telephony) • Push the DSC distress alert button and keep it pressed until the transceiver is activated • Wait for a DSC acknowledgement from a coast station • Prepare the subsequent distress traffic on VHF channel 16/ 2182kHz The distress message shall be transmitted on VHF channel 16/ 2182kHz • • • • MAYDAY (once) This is MMSI-number and the call sign or other ID of the ship The ship's position in latitude and longitude or other reference to a known geographical location • The nature of the distress and assistance wanted • Any other information which might facilitate the rescue If time permits, write down the distress message Speak slowly and distinctly 204 ©POSEIDON, 2010 Unauthorised photocopying or reproduction prohibited WWW.HANGHAIVIETNAM.COM WWW.HANGHAIVIETNAM.COM An Introduction to GMDSS APPENDIX3 ABBREVIATIONS AAIC =Accounting Authority Identification Code ADE =Above Deck Equipment AC =Alternating Current AM =Amplitude Modulation AORE =Atlantic Ocean Region East AORW =Atlantic Ocean Region West ARQ =Automatic Retransmission Request ASCII =American Standard Code for Information Interchange BDE =Below Deck Equipment bps =Bits per second CCIR =International Radio Consultative Committee CES =Coast Earth Station COSPAS/SARSAT =Search And Rescue Satellite Aided Tracking DC =Direct Current DCE =Data Circuit Termination Equipment DNIC =Data Network Identification Code DNID =Data reporting Network Identification code DSC =Digital Selective Calling DTE , =Data Terminal Equipment EGC =Enhanced Group Call ELT =Emergency Locator Transmitter (Airborne) EPIRB =Emergency Position Indicating Radio Beacon FAX =Abbreviation for facsimile FEC =Forward Error Correction FSK =Frequency Shift Keying GFR =Gold Franc GMDSS =Global Maritime Distress And Safety System GOC =General Operator's Certificate GPS =Global Positioning System HF =High Frequency IA5 =International Alphabet (ASCII) 7-bits codes ITA2 =International Telegraph Alphabet 5-bits codes IMO =International Maritime Organization lOR =Indian Ocean Region ITU =International Telecommunications Union Kbps =Kilobits per second- 1000 bits/second LES =Land Earth Station LUT =Local User Terminal MCC =Mission Control Center MES =Mobile Earth Station MF =Medium Frequency MID =Maritime Identification Digit ©POSEIDON, 2010 Unauthorised pholocopying or reproduction prohibited WWW.HANGHAIVIETNAM.COM 205 , J WWW.HANGHAIVIETNAM.COM An Introduction to GMDSS :MMSI =Maritime Mobile Service Identities MR.CC =Maritime Rescue Coordinating Centre MR.SC =Maritime Rescue Sub Centre MSC =Maritime Safety Committee MSI =Maritime Safety Information NAU =Network User Address NAVTEX =Navigational Telex NBDP =Narrow Band Direct Printing NCS =Network Coordinating Station OSC =On Scene Commander PLB =Personal Locator Beacon (Land) PSDN =Public Switched Data Network PSTN =Public Switched Telephone Network PC =Personal Computer POR =Pacific Ocean Region RCC =Rescue Coordinating Center RSC _ =Rescue Sub Centre RX =Receiver SAR =Search And Rescue SART =Search And Rescue Transponder SCADA =Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition SDR =Special Drawing Rights SES =Ship Earth Station SOLAS =Safety ofLife at Sea SRR =Search and Rescue Regions SSC =Surface Search Co-ordinator TX =Transmitter TDM =Time Division Multiplex USB =Upper Side Band UTC =Universal Time Coordinated VHF =Very High Frequency 206 WWW.HANGHAIVIETNAM.COM © POSEIDON, 2010 Unau1horised photocopying or reproduction prohibited WWW.HANGHAIVIETNAM.COM An Introduction to GMDSS APPENDIX4 LIST OF GMDSS FREQUENCIES DISTRESS - URGENCY - SAFETY BAND VHF VHF MF HF4 HF6 HF8 HF12 HF16 DSC Chanel70 2187.5 kHz 4207.5 kHz 6312.0 kHz 8414.5 kHz 12577.0 kHz 16804.5 kHz TELEFONY Chanell3