Slide 6.1 Chapter Negotiating access and research ethics Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill, Research Methods for Business Students, 5th Edition, © Mark Saunders, Philip Lewis and Adrian Thornhill 2009 Slide 6.2 Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill, Research Methods for Business Students, 5th Edition, © Mark Saunders, Philip Lewis and Adrian Thornhill 2009 Slide 6.3 Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill, Research Methods for Business Students, 5th Edition, © Mark Saunders, Philip Lewis and Adrian Thornhill 2009 Slide 6.4 Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill, Research Methods for Business Students, 5th Edition, © Mark Saunders, Philip Lewis and Adrian Thornhill 2009 Slide 6.5 Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill, Research Methods for Business Students, 5th Edition, © Mark Saunders, Philip Lewis and Adrian Thornhill 2009 Slide 6.6 Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill, Research Methods for Business Students, 5th Edition, © Mark Saunders, Philip Lewis and Adrian Thornhill 2009 Slide 6.7 Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill, Research Methods for Business Students, 5th Edition, © Mark Saunders, Philip Lewis and Adrian Thornhill 2009 Slide 6.8 Gaining access to data (1) Physical access – key issues • Organisations may not wish to allocate resources • Requests for access may not be of sufficient interest • Failure to reach those who can give permission • Concerns about sensitivity and confidentiality • Perceptions about the researcher’s credibility • Doubts about the researcher’s competence Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill, Research Methods for Business Students, 5th Edition, © Mark Saunders, Philip Lewis and Adrian Thornhill 2009 Slide 6.9 Gaining access to data (2) Points to consider • Access as an iterative process • Obtaining consent from managers and participants • Obtaining cognitive access • The nature and extent of the required access • Obtaining sufficient scope to answer the research question Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill, Research Methods for Business Students, 5th Edition, © Mark Saunders, Philip Lewis and Adrian Thornhill 2009 Slide 6.10 Gaining access to data (3) Virtual access - four types of online community • Bulletin boards for particular products or services • Independent web pages • Themed email lists • Multiuser chat rooms Adapted from Kozinets (2002) Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill, Research Methods for Business Students, 5th Edition, © Mark Saunders, Philip Lewis and Adrian Thornhill 2009 Slide 6.18 Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill, Research Methods for Business Students, 5th Edition, © Mark Saunders, Philip Lewis and Adrian Thornhill 2009 Slide 6.19 Research Ethics (2) Ethical issues at different stages of research Source: Saunders et al (2009) Figure 6.1 Ethical issues at different stages of research (part 1) Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill, Research Methods for Business Students, 5th Edition, © Mark Saunders, Philip Lewis and Adrian Thornhill 2009 Slide 6.20 Research Ethics (3) Ethical issues at different stages of research Source: Saunders et al (2009) Figure 6.1 Ethical issues at different stages of research (part 2) Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill, Research Methods for Business Students, 5th Edition, © Mark Saunders, Philip Lewis and Adrian Thornhill 2009 Slide 6.21 Research Ethics (4) Two philosophical standpoints of business and management research • Deontological • Teleological Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill, Research Methods for Business Students, 5th Edition, © Mark Saunders, Philip Lewis and Adrian Thornhill 2009 Slide 6.22 Research Ethics (5) Research conduct is affected by • Code of ethics • Research ethics committees • General ethical issues • Netiquette Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill, Research Methods for Business Students, 5th Edition, © Mark Saunders, Philip Lewis and Adrian Thornhill 2009 Slide 6.23 Research Ethics (6) Issues during design and gaining access • Obtaining consent - implied and informed • Using participant information sheets • Consent for observation and online observation Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill, Research Methods for Business Students, 5th Edition, © Mark Saunders, Philip Lewis and Adrian Thornhill 2009 Slide 6.24 Research Ethics (7) The nature of participant consent Source: Saunders et al (2009) Figure 6.2 The nature of participant consent Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill, Research Methods for Business Students, 5th Edition, © Mark Saunders, Philip Lewis and Adrian Thornhill 2009 Slide 6.25 Research Ethics (8) Issues during data collection • General issues applying to techniques • Awareness of participant’s rights • Keeping to the project aims • Safety of the researcher Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill, Research Methods for Business Students, 5th Edition, © Mark Saunders, Philip Lewis and Adrian Thornhill 2009 Slide 6.26 Research Ethics (9) Issues during data collection • Maintaining objectivity, confidentiality and anonymity • Appropriate interview behaviour • Use of observation techniques • Undertaking a covert study Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill, Research Methods for Business Students, 5th Edition, © Mark Saunders, Philip Lewis and Adrian Thornhill 2009 Slide 6.27 Data processing and storage Personal data must be • Processed fairly and lawfully • Obtained for specified purposes • Adequate and relevant • Accurate, updated and kept securely Adapted from Saunders et al (2009) Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill, Research Methods for Business Students, 5th Edition, © Mark Saunders, Philip Lewis and Adrian Thornhill 2009 Slide 6.28 Data analysis and reporting Related issues • Sensitive personal data • Confidentiality and anonymity • Protection of research participants • Ethical use of data analysis and conclusions Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill, Research Methods for Business Students, 5th Edition, © Mark Saunders, Philip Lewis and Adrian Thornhill 2009 Slide 6.29 Dealing with ethical issues Checklist Box 6.18 Complete the Checklist in Box 6.18 to help you anticipate and deal with ethical issues Saunders et al (2009) Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill, Research Methods for Business Students, 5th Edition, © Mark Saunders, Philip Lewis and Adrian Thornhill 2009 Slide 6.30 Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill, Research Methods for Business Students, 5th Edition, © Mark Saunders, Philip Lewis and Adrian Thornhill 2009 Slide 6.31 Summary: Chapter • Access and ethics are critical aspects of research • Access may be physical, cognitive or continuing • Feasibility is an important determinant • Potential ethical issues should be recognised Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill, Research Methods for Business Students, 5th Edition, © Mark Saunders, Philip Lewis and Adrian Thornhill 2009 Slide 6.32 Summary: Chapter • Ethical concerns can occur throughout the research • Both qualitative and quantitative research have associated ethical issues • Use of the Internet and email for data generation raises specific ethical issues • Data protection legislation requires researchers to comply with legal requirements Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill, Research Methods for Business Students, 5th Edition, © Mark Saunders, Philip Lewis and Adrian Thornhill 2009 ... Research Methods for Business Students, 5th Edition, © Mark Saunders, Philip Lewis and Adrian Thornhill 2009 Slide 6.3 Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill, Research Methods for Business Students, 5th. .. Research Methods for Business Students, 5th Edition, © Mark Saunders, Philip Lewis and Adrian Thornhill 2009 Slide 6.5 Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill, Research Methods for Business Students, 5th. .. Research Methods for Business Students, 5th Edition, © Mark Saunders, Philip Lewis and Adrian Thornhill 2009 Slide 6.7 Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill, Research Methods for Business Students, 5th