CONNECTIVES

Connectives từ nối And = và,  dùng để nối các từ cùng loại, các ý song hành.. Chú ý: Nếu dùng BUT giữa câu thì 2 mệnh đề ngăn cách nhau bằng dấu phẩy , – còn nếu dùng HOWEVER đứng giữ

Connectives (từ nối)

 And = và,  dùng để nối các từ cùng loại, các ý song hành.

Eg: Mai and Lan are good students

I am reading and cooking now

 But = nhng; However = tuy nhiên  dùng để nối các ý đối lập nhau

Chú ý: Nếu dùng BUT giữa câu thì 2 mệnh đề ngăn cách nhau bằng dấu phẩy (,) – còn nếu

dùng HOWEVER đứng giữa câu thì dùng dấu (;) đằng trớc và dấu(,) đằng sau ngăn cách

Eg: I want to watch cartoon films, but my parents want to see news

I want to watch cartoon films; however, my parents want to see news

 Because/ Since/ As = because of = vì, do, bởi  dùng để nêu lí do.

Because + clause Because his health is bad, he often stays at home

Because of + N/ Ving Because of his bad health, he often stays at home

 Or = hoặc  dùng để đa ra các tình huống lựa chọn Khi OR nối 2 mệnh đề thì có dấu phẩy ngăn

cách

Eg: you can leave today or tomorrow

You have to work hard ,or you’ll fail the exam

 So = vì vậy, do đó; Therefore = vì vậy, do đó.

 dùng để đa ra kết quả Nếu dùng SO thì có dấu phẩy ngăn cách 2 mệnh đề, nếu dùng

HOWEVER thì có dấu (;) đằng trớc và dấu (,) đằng sau

Eg: you have worked hard, so you passed your exam

You worked hard; therefore, you passed your exam

 Although, though, even though = mặc dù;

In spite of= Despite = mặc dù

Although/ though/ even though + clause Although she is poor, she is very honest

In spite of/ Despite + N/ Ving In spite of working hard, he looks cheerful

Eg: Although/ Though/ Even though she’s old, she still walks every morning

= In spite of/ Despite her old age, she still walks every morning

 To Vinf

In order + To Vinf

So as + To Vinf

So that + clause

Question: WHAT + …… + FOR? (Hoặc) FOR WHAT +………?

 dùng để nối các ý đối lập nhau

= nhằm, cốt để  dùng để đa ra mục đích

 So + Adj/ Adv + that

= Such +

Eg: The box is so heavy that she can’t carry

<-> It’s such a heavy box that she can’t carry

The rooms are so large that they had to clean all the day

<-> They are such large rooms that they had to clean all the day

-********** -Exercise 1: rewrite sentences.

1 The road was slippery, so they couldn’t drive fast (because)  They couldn’t drive fast

2 I wrote down his telephone number because I didn’t want to forget it (order)  I wrote down his telephone number….

3 There wasn’t much snow, so we couldn’t go skiing (so)  there was….

4 You know, I felt disappointed, but I didn’t give up trying (spite)  you know, …

5 She is very talented but she didn’t play the piano professionally (though)  talented…….

6 It was such a good film that I wouldn’t mind watching it again (so)  the film was……

7 Despite the technical problem, the train left on time (although)  the train left on time……

8 Kate was too tired to do any housework (so……that)  Kate was so………

9 I took photos of the baby because I wanted to send them to my friends abroad (so)  I took photos of the baby………

10.The trip was cheap; she didn’t go though (even)  she didn’t go on the trip………

A/ An + Adj + N(số ít) Adj + N(số nhiều)

= quá đến nỗi mà  dùng để nhấn mạnh tính chất của con ngời, sự việc