Connectives (từ nối) And = và, dùng để nối các từ cùng loại, các ý song hành. Eg: Mai and Lan are good students. I am reading and cooking now. But = nhng; However = tuy nhiên dùng để nối các ý đối lập nhau. Chú ý: Nếu dùng BUT giữa câu thì 2 mệnh đề ngăn cách nhau bằng dấu phẩy (,) còn nếu dùng HOWEVER đứng giữa câu thì dùng dấu (;) đằng trớc và dấu(,) đằng sau ngăn cách. Eg: I want to watch cartoon films, but my parents want to see news. I want to watch cartoon films; however, my parents want to see news. Because/ Since/ As = because of = vì, do, bởi. dùng để nêu lí do. Because + clause Because his health is bad, he often stays at home. Because of + N/ Ving Because of his bad health, he often stays at home. Or = hoặc dùng để đa ra các tình huống lựa chọn. Khi OR nối 2 mệnh đề thì có dấu phẩy ngăn cách. Eg: you can leave today or tomorrow. You have to work hard ,or youll fail the exam. So = vì vậy, do đó; Therefore = vì vậy, do đó. dùng để đa ra kết quả. Nếu dùng SO thì có dấu phẩy ngăn cách 2 mệnh đề, nếu dùng HOWEVER thì có dấu (;) đằng trớc và dấu (,) đằng sau. Eg: you have worked hard, so you passed your exam. You worked hard; therefore, you passed your exam. Although, though, even though = mặc dù; In spite of= Despite = mặc dù Although/ though/ even though + clause Although she is poor, she is very honest. In spite of/ Despite + N/ Ving In spite of working hard, he looks cheerful. Eg: Although/ Though/ Even though shes old, she still walks every morning. = In spite of/ Despite her old age, she still walks every morning. To Vinf In order + To Vinf So as + To Vinf So that + clause Question: WHAT + + FOR? (Hoặc) FOR WHAT +? dùng để nối các ý đối lập nhau. = nhằm, cốt để dùng để đa ra mục đích. So + Adj/ Adv + that = Such + Eg: The box is so heavy that she cant carry. <-> Its such a heavy box that she cant carry. The rooms are so large that they had to clean all the day. <-> They are such large rooms that they had to clean all the day. ---------------**********------------------- Exercise 1: rewrite sentences. 1. The road was slippery, so they couldnt drive fast. (because) They couldnt drive fast 2. I wrote down his telephone number because I didnt want to forget it. (order) I wrote down his telephone number. 3. There wasnt much snow, so we couldnt go skiing. (so) there was. 4. You know, I felt disappointed, but I didnt give up trying. (spite) you know, 5. She is very talented but she didnt play the piano professionally. (though) talented. 6. It was such a good film that I wouldnt mind watching it again. (so) the film was 7. Despite the technical problem, the train left on time. (although) the train left on time 8. Kate was too tired to do any housework. (sothat) Kate was so 9. I took photos of the baby because I wanted to send them to my friends abroad. (so) I took photos of the baby 10.The trip was cheap; she didnt go though. (even) she didnt go on the trip A/ An + Adj + N(số ít) Adj + N(số nhiều) = quá đến nỗi mà dùng để nhấn mạnh tính chất của con ngời, sự việc. . Connectives (từ nối) And = và, dùng để nối các từ cùng loại, các ý song hành.