Đây là chương trình các bài học ngữ pháp cơ bản nhất cho người mới bắt đầu học tiếng Anh. ... Trong phần học này chúng ta sẽ được học các bài ngữ pháp tiếng Anh thường được sử dụng trong cuộc sống hằng ngày. Để có thể học ngữ pháp tiếng anh hiệu quả bạn cần đầu tư thời gian và một phương pháp học ngữ pháp khoa học và thích hợp. Hi vọng rằng những bí kíp nhỏ sau đây sẽ giúp ích cho quá trình chinh phục tiếng anh của bạn.
Nurture Your English PERFECT GRAMMAR Author: Keller L EMAIL: training.peakupenglish.com Nurture Your English Designer: Keller TÓM TẮT TỔNG HỢP 13 THÌ TRONG TIẾNG ANH I.The present simple tense( Thì đơn) Form : S + (I , we, they) + v S+ ( he / she / it) + Vs/es S + Be( am / is / are) Usage: Thì HTĐG diễn tả thói quen, hành động xảy thường xuyên lặp di lặp lại eg I watch T.V every night Thì HTĐG diễn tả chân lý , thật hiển nhiên eg The sun rises in the East / Tom comes from America East / Tom comes from America Thì HTĐG dùng ta nói thời khóa biểu ( timetables), chương trình (programmes) eg The train leaves the station at 8.15 a.m The film begins at p.m Thì HTĐG dùng sau cụm từ thời gian : when, as soon as, cụm từ điều kiện : If , Unless Nurture Your English Designer: Keller eg When summer comes, I‟ll go to the beach You won‟t get good marks unless you work hard 3.Adverbs: Often= usually= frequently, always= constantly, sometimes =occasionally, seldom= rarely, everyday/ week/ month II The present continuous tense( Thì tiếp diễn ) 1.Form : S + Be ( am / is / are) +V ing 2.Usage: Thì HTTD diễn tả hành động diễn kéo dài thời gian tại( thường có trạng - Dấu hiệu : now, right now, at the moment, at present.) eg The children are playing football Thì HTTD thường dùng theo sau câu đề nghị, mệnh lệnh eg Be quiet! The baby is sleeping - NOTE : Không dùng HTTD với động từ nhận thức , tri giác : to be, see, hear, understand, know, like, want, glance, feel, think, smell, love, hate, realize, seem, remember, forget, belong to, believe ( Với động từ ta thay HTĐG.) eg She wants to go for a walk at the moment Nurture Your English Designer: Keller SIMPLE PRESENT & PRESENT CONTINUOUS Thì Simple Present dùng để hành động diễn thời gian noí chung không thiết phải thời gian Thời gian nói chung thời gian ma việc diễn ngày (every day), tuần (every week), tháng (every month), năm (every year), mùa (every spring / summer / autumn/ winter)… - He goes to school every day - Mrs Brown travels every summer * Thì Present Continuous dùng để hành động xảy (acurrent activity) hay việc làm (now/ at present/ at thismoment), hôm (today), tuần (this week), năm (this year)… - We are learning English now - Mary is playing the piano at the moment - Hãy so sánh : - I work in a bakery every day I‟m working in a bakery this week Chú ý : + Thì Simple Present thường dùng với động từ tri giác (verbs of perception) : Fell, see, hear… động từ trạng thái như: know,understand, mean, like, prefer, love, hate, need, want, remember, recognize, believe… + Ngoài dùng Simple Present với động từ : be, appear , belong , have to… + Thì Simple Present dùng với trạng từ tần suất (adverbs of frequency) : always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, generally, rarely, never… - That child needs care This book belongs to me - He never comes late + Chúng ta dùng Simple Present để chân lí hay thật hiển nhiên (a general truth) - The sun rises in the east - Nothing is more precious than independence and freedom Nurture Your English Designer: Keller - + Thì Present Continuous còng dùng để hành động tương lai gần (a near future action) Với trạng từ tương lai : tomorrow, next week, next month, next year, next summer… The present perfect tense Form : S + have / has + PII Usage: - Thì HTHT diễn tả hành động vừa xảy ra, vừa kết thúc, thường với trạng từ “just” eg We have just bought a new car - Thì HTHT diễn tả hành động khứ , kéo dài đến có khả tiếp tục tương lai eg You have studied English for five years - Thì HTHT diễn tả hành động xaỷ khứ mà rõ thời gian eg I have gone to Hanoi - Thì HTHT diễn tả hành động lặp lặp lại nhiều lần khứ eg We have seen Titanic three times - Thì HTHT dùng sau từ so sánh cấp cao nhất.( lời bình phẩm) eg It‟s the most boring film I‟ve ever seen - Thì HTHT dùng với This is the first/ second time, it‟s the first time eg This is the first time I‟ve lost my way -Thì HTHT dùng với This morning/ This evening/ Today/ This week/ This term thời gian lúc nói eg I haven‟t seen Joana this morning Have you seen her? NOTE: Gone to khác với Been to Nurture Your English Designer: Keller eg Marry has gone to Paris(đang đường đến Pari) Marry has been to Paris(đã đến không Pari) 3.Adverbs : - just, recently, lately :gần đây, vừa - ever :đã - never :chưa - already :rồi - yet: chưa (dùng câu phủ định nghi vấn) - since :từ khi( thời điểm mà hành động bắt đầu) - for : khoảng(chỉ khoảng thời gian hành động ) - so far =until now =up to now =up to the present : nay, tận Thì HTHTTD : S + have been + Ving Sử dụng tương tự HTHT muốn nhấn mạnh tính liên tục hành động eg You have been learning English for years 2.The past simple tense Form : S + V- ed (regular /irregular ) Usage : _Thì QKĐG diễn tả hành động xảy khứ, chấm dứt biết rõ thời gian eg I went to the cinema last night Adverbs: -last : -yesterday - ago - Khi đổi sang dạng phủ định nghi vấn nhớ đưa động từ nguyên mẫu Chú ý cách phát âm động từ có tận „ed‟ Động từ tận „ed‟ phát âm /d/ theo sau âm hữu ( trừ âm /d/ ) Động từ tận „ed‟ phát âm /t/ theo sau âm vô ( trừ âm /t/ ) Động từ tận „ed‟ phát âm /id/ theo sau âm /t, d/ Nurture Your English Designer: Keller So sánh PRESENT PERFECT Và SIMPLE PAST *Thì Present Perfect thường dùng với cụm từ sau : up to now, up tothe present, so far (cho tới nay), not … yet (vẫn chưa), for, since, ever (đã từng), never, several times (nhiều lần), just (vừa mới), recently (vừa xong), lately (mới nãy) - Have you ever seen a tiger ? - The train has not arrived yet - We have lived here for years - The bell has just rung Thì Simple Past thường dùng với cụm từ sau: yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week, last month,last year, last summer, ago * - We came here a month ago - He went to the cinema yesterday Thì Simple Past dùng để kể lại chuỗi hành động khứ - He closed all the windows, locked the doors and then went out * The past continuous tense : Form : S + was/ were + V ing Usage : - Hành động xảy kéo dài thời gian khứ eg - Yesterday, Mr Nam was working in the garden all the afternoon Hành động xảy thời điểm xác định khứ eg We were learning English at a.m last Sunday Hành động xảy ra( khứ ) có hành động khác xen vào.(hđ xảy dùng QKTD , hđ xen vào dùng QKĐG ) - eg When I saw her yesterday, she was having breakfast Nurture Your English Designer: Keller Hai hành động xảy song song lúc khứ eg Last night, I was watching T.V while my sister was reading a book - - Note: không dùng với động từ nhận thức, tri giác( thay QKĐG) Adverbs: -at 4p.m yesterday - at this time last Sunday SIMPLE PAST vs PAST CONTINUOUS + Thì Simple Past (quá khứ đơn) dùng để diễn tả hành động xẩy và kết thúc khứ có đề cập thời gian - I met him in the street yesterday + Thì Past Continuous (quá khứ tiếp diễn) diễn tả hành động xẩy kéo dài khứ - I met him while he was crossing the street - She was going home when she saw an accident - + Thì Past Continuous diễn tả hành động xẩy kéo dài khứ thời điểm xác định hai hành động diễn song song - My father was watching TV at o’clock last night - I was doing my homework while my father was watching TV The past perfect tense ( Thì khứ hoàn thành ) 1.Form: S + had + PII 2:Usage : Nurture Your English Designer: Keller Diễn tả hành động khứ xảy trước thời gian cụ thể trước hành động khác khứ.( Nếu câu có hai hành động khứ , hđ xảy trước ta dùng QKHT, hđ sau ta dùng QKĐG) eg They had live here before 1985 After the children had finished their homework, they went to bed The past perfect continuous tense ( Thì khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn ) 1.Form: S + had been + Ving Usage : Diễn tả hành động quỏ khứ xảy kộo dài hành động quỏ khứ thứ hai xảy ( hđ thứ hai dựng QKĐG).Khoảng thời gian kộo dài thường câu eg The boys had been playing football for hours before I came PAST PERFECTvsPAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS + Thì Past Perfect Continuous (quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn) dùng để nhấn mạnh tính liên tục hành động trước hành động khác xẩy Hãy so sánh: - She had been studying English before she came here for classes (hành động had been studying xẩy liên tục hành động came forclasses xẩy ) - She had studied English before she came for classes (hành động had studied chấm dứt trước hành động came for classes) Hãy so sánh : - It had been raining when I got up this morning (mưa chấm dứt thức dậy.) - It was raining when I got up this morning (mưa thức dậy) The simple future tense ( Thì tương lai đơn giản) Form : S + will/ shall + V bare infi Usage: - Dùng ta định làm điều vào lúc nói eg You will give your sentences now Nurture Your English - Dùng để yêu cầu, đề nghị làm you shut the door - Dùng để đồng ý từ chối làm eg: A:I need some money Designer: Keller eg Will B:Don‟t worry I‟ll lend you some - Dùng để hứa hẹn làm điều eg:I promise I‟ll call you when I arrive - Dùng shall I shall we để đề nghị gợi ý eg Where shall we go tonight?/ Shall we go to the cinema? - Dùng I think I‟ll / I don‟t think I‟ll ta làm / ko làm điều eg.I think I‟ll stay at home tonight./ I don‟t think I‟ll go out tonight Adverbs : - someday :một ngày - tomorrow : - next week/ next month - soon :chẳng Near future (Thì tương lai gần ) Form: S + Be + Going to + V bare infi (dự định ) S + Be +V ing (sắp sửa ) Usage : Diễn tả hành động xảy tương lai gần có dự định trước( thường câu trạng từ thời gian ) eg They are going to repaint the school -Diễn tả tiên đoán, kiện chắn xảy tương lai có dấu hiệu hay chứng -eg Tom‟s a good student He‟s going to pass the final exam Look at those clouds It‟s going to rain The future continuous tense (Thì tương lai tiếp diễn) Form: S + will / shall + Be + V ing Usage : Nurture Your English Designer: Keller crazy slowly few little bad good attractive 10 big Bài 2: Chọn đáp án để điền vào chỗ trống câu sau She is singer I’ve ever met A worse B bad C the worst D badly Mary is responsible as Peter A more B the most C much D as It is in the city than it is in the country A noisily B more noisier C noisier D noisy She sings ……… among the singers I have known A the most beautiful B the more beautiful C the most beautifully D the more beautifully She is student in my class A most hard-working B more hard-working C the most hard-working D as hard-working The English test was than I thought it would be A the easier B more easy C easiest D easier English is thought to be than Math A harder B the more hard C hardest D the hardest C bigger D biggest Jupiter is planet in the solar system A the biggest B the bigger She runs …… in my class 71 Nurture Your English A the slowest B the most slow Designer: Keller C the slowly D the most slowly 10 My house is hers A cheap than B cheaper C more cheap than D cheaper than 11 Her office is away than mine A father B more far C farther D farer 12 Tom is than David A handsome B the more handsome C more handsome D the most handsome 13 He did the test ……… I did A as bad as B badder than C more badly than D worse than 14 A boat is than a plane A slower B slowest 15 My new sofa is than the old one C more slow D more slower A more comfortable B comfortably C more comfortabler D comfortable 16 My sister dances ……… than me A gooder B weller C better D more good 17 My bedroom is room in my house A tidier than B the tidiest C the most tidy D more tidier 18 This road is than that road A narrower B narrow C the most narrow D more narrower 19 He drives …… his brother A more careful than B more carefully C more carefully than D as careful as 20 It was day of the year A the colder B the coldest C coldest 72 D colder Nurture Your English Designer: Keller Bài 3: Điền vào chỗ trống dạng so sánh từ ngoặc He is (clever) …………………… student in my group She can’t stay (long) …………………….than 30 minutes It’s (good) …………………… holiday I’ve had Well, the place looks (clean) …………………….now The red shirt is better but it’s (expensive) …………………… than the white one I’ll try to finish the job (quick).…………………… Being a firefighter is (dangerous) …………………… than being a builder Lan sings ( sweet ) ……………… than Hoa This is (exciting) …………………… film I’ve ever seen 10 He runs ( fast )………………….of all 11 My Tam is one of (popular) …………………… singers in my country 12 Which planet is (close) …………………… to the Sun? 13 Carol sings as (beautiful) …………………….as Mary, but Cindy sings the (beautiful) …………………… 14 The weather this summer is even (hot) …………………… than last summer 15 Your accent is ( bad ) ………………… than mine 16 Hot dogs are (good) …………………….than hamburgers 17 They live in a (big) …………………… house, but Fred lives in a (big) …………………… one 18 French is considered to be (difficult) …………………….than English, but Chinese is the (difficult) …………………….language 19 It’s the (large)…………………… company in the country Bài 4: Viết lại câu sau cho nghĩa không đổi Her old house is bigger than her new one -> Her new house…………………………………… 73 Nurture Your English Designer: Keller No one in my class is taller than Peter -> Peter ……………………………………………… The black dress is more expensive than the white one -> The white dress …………………………………………… According to me, English is easier than Maths -> According to me, Maths ………………………………… No one in my group is more intelligent than Mary -> Mary ……………………………………………………… No river in the world is longer than the Nile -> The Nile ………………………………………………… Mount Everest is the highest mountain in the world -> No mountain …………………………………………… This is the first time I have ever met such a pretty girl -> She is …………………………………………………… He works much He feels tired -> The more ………………………………………………… 10 This computer works better than that one -> That computer …………………………………………… 11 The apartment is big The rent is high -> The bigger ………………………………………………… 12 We set off soon We will arrive soon -> The sooner …………………………………………………… 13 The joke is good The laughter is loud -> The better ……………………………………………….…… 14 She gets fat She feels tired 74 Nurture Your English Designer: Keller -> The fatter ……………………………………………….……… 15 As he gets older, he wants to travel less -> The older ……………………………………………….……… 16 The children are excited with the difficult games -> The more ……………………………………………….……… 17 People dive fast Many accidents happen -> The faster ……………………………………………….……… 18 I meet him much I hate him much -> The more ……………………………………………….……… 19 My boss works better when he is pressed for time, -> The less ……………………………………………….………… 20 As he has much money, he wants to spend much -> The more ……………………………………………….………… 21 If you read many books, you will have much knowledge -> The more …………………………………………………………… 22 He speaks too much and people feel bored -> The more …………………………………………………………… 23 The growth in the economy makes people’s living condition better 75 Nurture Your English Designer: Keller -> The more …………………………………………………………… 24 People learn a lot of things as they travel far -> The farther …………………………………………………………… ĐÁP ÁN 30 Bài 1: So sánh Tính từ/ Trạng từ So sánh beautifully beautifully the most beautifully hot hotter the hottest crazy crazier the craziest slowly more slowly the most slowly few fewer the fewest little less the least bad worse the worst good better the best attractive more attractive the most attractive 10 big bigger the biggest 31 C Bài 2: D C C 76 C Nurture Your English Designer: Keller D A A D 10 D 11 C 12.C 13 D 14 A 15 A 16 C 17 B 18 A 19 C 20 B 32 Bài 3: the cleverest longer the best cleaner more expensive more quickly more dangerous more sweetly the most exciting 10 the fastest 11 the most popular 12 the closest 13 beautifully – most beautifully 14 hotter 15 worse 16 better 17 big - bigger 18 more difficult - the most difficult 19 largest 77 Nurture Your English 33 Bài 4: Designer: Keller Her new house isn’t so/as big as her old one Peter is the tallest in my class The white dress isn’t so/ as expensive as the black one According to me, Maths isn’t so/as easy as English Mary is the most intelligent in my group The Nile is the longest river in the world No mountain in the world is higher than Mount Everest She is the prettiest girl I have ever met The more he works, the more tired he feels 10 That computer doesn’t work so/as well as that one 11 The bigger the apartment is, the higher the rent is 12.The better the joke is, the louder the laughter is 14 The fatter she gets, the more tired she feels 15 The older he gets, the less he want to travel 16 The more difficult the games are, the more excited the children are 17 The faster people drive, the more accidents happen 18.The more Imeet him, the more I hate him 19 The less time my boss has, the better he works 20 The more money he has, the more he wants to spend 21 The more books you read, the more knowledge you will have 22.The more he speaks, the more bored people feel 78 Nurture Your English Designer: Keller 23.The more the economy grows, the better people’s living condition is 24 The farther people travel, the more the learn 79 Nurture Your English Designer: Keller A TEST FORM Type of questions: multiple choice Vocabulary and grammar Pronunciation Reading comprehension 4.Rewriting sentences5 Guided sentence building Cloze Total Time Number of questions 25 10 5 10 60 60’ B Sample test Part - Vocabulary and grammar I won’t go unless you … me money back a pay b paying c paid d.to pay Can you turn……… the light? It’s too dark a for b off c.in d.on What are you looking……? My picture book I’ve lost it a for b.in c.off d.on a new air-conditioner will be………….this morning a.install b.installing c.installed d.to install Mary can’t swim I can’t swim… a.neither b.either c.nor d.or People in poor countries are still…… a fully b.richest c.hungry d.hungrily …… look after people in hospital a Nurses b.Electricians c Worker d Police officers I often go to the stadium to watch the football match I’m a … a footballer b.football c soccer d.football fan You must not drink and then ……… a car a lead b.drive c.take d guide 10 The teacher asked her students to their … a housework b.homework c.home study d.house job 11 They didn’t have … Education a many b a lot c.much d some 12 I … to work now Good bye a go b am going c it is d went 80 Nurture Your English Designer: Keller 13 Today … millions of people who speak English a they are b there are c it is d have got 14 He arrived…… they were asleep a while b during c until d for 15 …… orange juice in the fridge a there isn’t no b there is any c there isn’t any d.there aren’t no 16 I have never…… her before a saw b.seeing c.seen d.see 17 Listen! I’ve got …… important to tell you a.somebody b.something c.anybody d.anything 18 Next year, I’m going to study…….university a economy b.economic c.economics d.economical 19 For most lovers, romantic … are the most meaningful elements in their lives a relations b relative c interrelationship d.relationships 20 I went shopping, but I didn’t buy…… a someone b something c.anyone d anything 21 We exchanged hundreds of e-mails and some …… a photographic b photographs c photographes d.photography 22 When did you… se him? a.recent b already c.last d.lately 23 Please, be … when you cross this road a careless b carefree c caring d.carefull 24 If you have…… money, you can travel abroad this summer a a lots b lot of c.many d a lot of 25 There are…… saving methods and inventions to use solar energy a energetics b.energy c.energize d.energetic Part 2: Pronunciation Choose one word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from the others The burglars’ friend It was o'clock in the morning when four-year old Russell Brown woke up to go to the toilet His parents were fast asleep in bed But when he heard a noise in the living room and saw a light was on, he went downstairs There he found two men They asked him his name, and told him they were friends of the family Unfortunately, Russell believed them They asked him where the video recorder His parents were fast asleep in bed was Russell showed them, and said they had a stereo and CD player, too The two men carried these to the kitchen Russell also told them that his mother kept her purse in a drawer in the kitchen, so they took that Russell even gave them his pocket money - 50p They finally left at a.m 81 Nurture Your English Designer: Keller They said, 'Will you open the back door while we take these things to the car, because we don't want to wake Mummy and Daddy, we?' So Russell held the door open for them He then went back to bed His parents didn't know about the burglary until they got up the next day His father said, 'I couldn't be angry with Russell because he thought he was doing the right thing/ Fortunately, the police caught the two burglars last week 31 Why did Russell wake up? a Because he wanted to go to the bathroom b Because he heard a noise in the livingroom c Because he saw a light from the living room d Because he couldn’t sleep 32 where did his mother keep her wallet? a in the kitchen b in a drawer in the kitchen c in the living room d in the bathroom 33 what did the burlars ask Russell to do? a open the door b wake his parents up c.give them money d say goodbye with them 34 according to the passage, Russell a was the burglars’ friend b.was just a stupid little boy c didn’t want to wake up his parents d was just a little boy and he thought he was doing the right thing 35 what were his parents doing? a they were in the living room b they were in the kitchen c they were talking in bed d they were sleeping Passage Endre is a mathematician at Rutgers University, New Jersey He came from Budapest thirteen years ago After he came here for a year, his wife came to join him, and since then they’ve had a daughter, so they decided to stay "At first it was very strange Everything is so big here" he says "I started to feel happy when I bought a car Now I go everywhere by car In Hungary, people only use their cars at weekends, but here your car is part of your life Nobody walks anywhere" How does he find people? "Very friendly The first question everybody ask you is "where are you from?" When people talk to you here, they will start conversations I like the fact that there are people from all over the world" What about the way of life? "The thing I like best is the independence Nobody tells me 82 Nurture Your English Designer: Keller what to Here you can what you want, so you learn to make decisions for yourself I feel in control" 36 when did he come to the US a.13 years ago b for years c.since they’ve had a daughter d.since his wife to join him 37.what does he a teacher b driver c.mathematican d.writer 38.what does he like the best about living in the US? a friendly people b driving c.independence d.feeling in control 39 What was difficult at the beginning? a people are from all over the world b he only drives at weekends c he learns to make decisions for himself d he felt that everything was so big 40 whom does he live with in New Jersey? a his daughter b his wife and his daughter c an American d his wife Part Rewriting the sentences 41 He’s moving to London next month he doesn’t like big cities a he doesn’t like big cities but he’s moving to London next month b because he doesn’t like big cities, he’s moving to London next month c he doesn’t like big cities so he’s moving to London next month d he doesn’t like big cities moreover he’s moving to London next month 42 We enjoyed the holiday It rained a lot a We enjoyed the holiday and it rained a lot b We enjoyed the holiday however it rained a lot c We enjoyed the holiday so it rained a lot d because we enjoyed the holiday,it rained a lot 43 He worked hard He passed all his exams 83 Nurture Your English Designer: Keller a Although he worked hard,he passed all his exams b However he passed all his exams, he worked hard c He worked hard so he passed all his exams d He worked hard because he passed all his exams 44 You can read more quickly than I can a I can’t read as quickly as you can b You can read more slowly than I can c I can’t read as slowly as you can d I can read as quickly as you can 45 Harry won more money than Bill a Harry won less money than Bill b Bill won more money than Harry c Harry didn’t win as much money as Bill d Bill didn’t win as much money as Harry Part Building sentences 46 when/phone/ring/he/have/bath a when the phone rang, he was having a bath b.when the phone rings, he was having a bath c when the phone rang, he were having a bath d when the phone rang, he was having a bath 47 they/enjoy/go/picnic a they enjoyed going for a picnic b they enjoy to going on a picnic c they enjoy going for a picnic d they enjoy going to a picnic 48 John/begin/give up/smoke/ago a John began giving up smoking a few months ago b.John began giving up to smoke a few month ago c John begins giving up to smoke a few month ago d John began to give up to smoke a few month ago 49 It/difficult/him/learn English/short time a It was difficult for him to learn English in a short time b It’s difficult for him to learning English in a short time c It’s difficult with him to learn English in a short time d It’s difficult for him to learn English in a short time 50 It/take/2 hours/do homework a It takes me about hours to my homework b It take me about hours to my homework c It takes me about hour to my homework 84 Nurture Your English Designer: Keller d It takes me about hours to doing my homework Part 6: Cloze reading Television is one of man’s most important (1) _ of communication It brings pictures and sounds from around the world into millions of homes A person with a television set can sit in his house and watch the President (2) _ a speech or visit a foreign country He can see a war being fought and watch statesmen try to bring about peace (3) _ television, home viewers can see and learn about people, places and things in faraway lands TV even takes its viewers out of this world It brings them coverage of America’s astronauts as the astronauts explore outer space In addition to all these things, television brings its viewers a steady stream of programs that are (4) _ to entertain In fact, TV provides many more entertainment programs than any other kind The programs include action-packed dramas, light comedies, sporting (5) _, and motion pictures A procedure B means C manner A compose B type C computerize A In B Because of C At D technology D make D Through A designed B patterned C monitored D built up A happenings B events C occurrences D meetings 85 ... past Present perfect Past perfect - Simple present - Present perfect - Present continuous - Simple future/ Near future - Simple past (có mốc thời gian xác định) - Simple past - Past perfect - Past... thường câu eg The boys had been playing football for hours before I came PAST PERFECTvsPAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS + Thì Past Perfect Continuous (quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn) dùng để nhấn mạnh tính liên... then eg By May, they’ll have been living in this house for 15 years SO Sánh THÌ FUTURE PERFECT VÀ THÌ FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS + Thì Tương lai hoàn thánh dùng để hành động hoàn thành trước hành