TỔNG HỢP CÁC PHƯƠNG PHÁP GIẢI NHANH QUAN TRỌNG MÔN HÓA

ep u rpor oc oc m o thttpt :p/://w/ w ww ww t.at ial ii lei u http://www.tailieupro.co http://www.tailieupro.co http://www.tailieupro.co http://www.tailieupro.co http://www.tailieupro.co http://www.tailieupro.co http://www.tailieupro.co http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c t ph :t /t /pw: /w/ w w tw a i lt iaei ul iperuop cr oo mc http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c Truy cp http://www.tailieupro.com/ cú thờm nhiu ti liu hay v thỳ v nhộ ;) ThS Trn Trng Tuyn T DUY GII NHANH BI TP HểA HC CHUYấN 1: CC PHNG PHP GII NHANH QUAN TRNG 1.1 BO TON NGUYấN T (BTNT) A PHNG PHP Bo ton nguyờn t cht Ta cú: n nguyên tử nchất (số nguyên tử nguyên tố đó) BTNT.Fe BTNT.O Vớ d: Trong Fe3O4 : n Fe 3n Fe3O4 ; nO 4n Fe3O4 Bo ton nguyờn t cho phn ng Tng s mol nguyờn t ca mt nguyờn t trc v sau phn ng luụn bng Vớ d: Al + HNO3 Al(NO3 )3 N2O H2O BTNT.Al BTNT.N n Al n Al(NO3 )3 ; nHNO3 3nAl(NO3 )3 2nN2O Bo ton nguyờn t cho hn hp nhiu cht phn ng Al(NO3 )3 NO Fe muối H2O Vớ d 1: HNO3 Cu N O Cu(NO3 )2 BTNT.Al BTNT.Cu n Fe n Fe(NO3 )3 ; n Cu n Cu(NO3 )2 BTNT.N n HNO3 3n Al(NO3 )3 2n Cu(NO3 )2 n NO n N2O FeS HNO3 Fe2 (SO4 )3 NO H2 O Vớ d 2: Cu2S CuSO4 BTNT.S 2n FeS2 nCu2S 3n Fe2 (SO4 )3 nCuSO4 Bo ton nguyờn t cho ton b quỏ trỡnh phn ng (BTNT ucui) FeCl2 NaOH dư Fe(OH)2 HCl dư t0 Fe2 O3 Vớ d 1: Fe3O4 KK(O2 ) FeCl3 Fe(OH)3 BTNT.Fe (đầucuối) 3n Fe3O4 2n Fe2O3 Vớ d 2: Fe FeO FeO HNO3 CO BTNT.Fe (đầucuối) Fe(NO3 )3 n FeO 2n Fe2O3 n Fe(NO3 )3 Fe O Fe O Fe2 O3 https://www.facebook.com/thay.trantrongtuyen (Trn Trng Tuyn) T: 0974 892 901 Truy cp http://www.tailieupro.com/ cú thờm nhiu ti liu hay v thỳ v nhộ ;) ep u rpor oc oc m o thttpt :p/://w/ w ww ww t.at ial ii lei u http://www.tailieupro.co http://www.tailieupro.co http://www.tailieupro.co http://www.tailieupro.co http://www.tailieupro.co http://www.tailieupro.co http://www.tailieupro.co http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c t ph :t /t /pw: /w/ w w tw a i lt iaei ul iperuop cr oo mc http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c Truy cp http://www.tailieupro.com/ cú thờm nhiu ti liu hay v thỳ v nhộ ;) ThS Trn Trng Tuyn T DUY GII NHANH BI TP HểA HC B BI TP VN DNG Di õy tỏc gi xin gii thiu nhng cõu hi n thun v bo ton nguyờn t Thụng thng BTNT l nhng ý nh hng gii ca cõu hi khú Do ú lm tt nhng cõu hi khú thỡ iu cn thit l ta nm vng lớ thuyt v dng tt cỏc phng phỏp gii nhanh nh BTNT, BTKL, BTE Cõu 1: Cho hn hp gm 0,3 mol Fe, 0,15 mol Fe 2O3 v 0,1 mol Fe3O4 tỏc dng va vi dung dch H2SO4 loóng thu c dung dch A Cho dung dch A tỏc dng vi dung dch NaOH d, lc kt ta em nung khụng khớ n lng khụng i thu c m gam cht rn C Giỏ tr ca m l: A 70 B 72 C 65 D 75 Hng dn gii: Phõn tớch hng gii: t + Nung kt ta ta cn lu ý: Fe(OH)2 + O2 Fe2O3 + H2O KK(O2 ) + D thy bi toỏn liờn quan n s mol ca nguyờn t Fe Du hiu ca BTNT.Fe Fe 0,3 mol FeSO Fe(OH)2 H SO4 NaOH dư t0 A Fe2 O3 Fe2 O3 KK(O2 ) Fe (SO ) F e(OH) 0,15 mol Fe3O 0,1 mol BTNT.Fe (đầu cuối) 2n Fe2 O3 (cuối) n Fe n Fe2 O3 (đầu) 3n Fe3O4 n Fe2O3 (cuối) 0,3 2.0,15 3.0,1 0, 45 mol m = 72 gam Đp n B Li bỡnh: Vi nhng cõu hi n gin nh ny, thnh tho ta khụng cn vit s phn ng v nhỡn nhn BTNT (u cui) Cõu 2: un núng hn hp bt X gm 0,06 mol Al, 0,01 mol Fe3O4, 0,015 mol Fe2O3 v 0,02 mol FeO mt thi gian Hn hp Y thu c sau phn ng c ho tan hon ton vo dung dch HCl d, thu c dung dch Z Thờm NH3 vo Z cho n d, lc kt ta T, em nung ngoi khụng khớ n lng khụng i thu c m gam cht rn Giỏ trca m l A 6,16 B 6,40 C 7,78 D 9.46 Hng dn gii: https://www.facebook.com/thay.trantrongtuyen (Trn Trng Tuyn) T: 0974 892 901 Truy cp http://www.tailieupro.com/ cú thờm nhiu ti liu hay v thỳ v nhộ ;) ep u rpor oc oc m o thttpt :p/://w/ w ww ww t.at ial ii lei u http://www.tailieupro.co http://www.tailieupro.co http://www.tailieupro.co http://www.tailieupro.co http://www.tailieupro.co http://www.tailieupro.co http://www.tailieupro.co http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c t ph :t /t /pw: /w/ w w tw a i lt iaei ul iperuop cr oo mc http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c Truy cp http://www.tailieupro.com/ cú thờm nhiu ti liu hay v thỳ v nhộ ;) T DUY GII NHANH BI TP HểA HC ThS Trn Trng Tuyn Al 0,06 mol Fe O AlCl3 Al(OH)3 Al O3 0,01 mol NH3 t0 HCl dư t0 X Y Z FeCl Fe(OH)2 KK(O2 ) Fe2 O3 Fe2 O3 FeCl Fe(OH) 3 0,015 mol m gam FeO 0,02 mol BTNT.Al (đầu cuối) n Al2 O3 n Al(X) BTNT.Fe (đầu cuối) n Fe2 O3 (cuối) 0,03 mol 3n Fe3O4 2n Fe2 O3 (X) n FeO 0,04 mol Cõu 3: Dung dch X gm Na2CO3, K2CO3, NaHCO3 Chia X thnh hai phn bng : - Phn 1: tỏc dng vi nc vụi d c 20 gam kt ta - Phn 2: tỏc dng vi dung dch HCl d c V lớt khớ CO2 (ktc) Giỏ tr ca V l: A 2,24 B 4,48 C 6,72 D 3,36 Hng dn gii: 20 0,2 mol 100 0,2 mol V 22, 4.0,2 4, 48 lít BTNT.C Phần 1: n CO2 (X) n CaCO3 BTNT.C Phần 2: n CO2 n CO2 (X) Cõu 4: Cho hn hp X gm x mol FeS2 v 0,045 mol Cu2S tỏc dng va vi dung dch HNO3 loóng, un núng, thu c dung dch ch cha mui sunfat ca cỏc kim loi v gii phúng khớ NO nht Giỏ tr ca x l: A 0,060 B 0,045 C 0,090 D 0,180 Hng dn gii: FeS : x mol Fe (SO4 )3 HNO3 NO H2 O Cu2S : 0,045 mol CuSO4 BTNT.Fe n Fe2 (SO4 )3 n FeS2 BTNT.Cu 0,5x mol; n CuSO4 2n Cu2S 0,09 mol https://www.facebook.com/thay.trantrongtuyen (Trn Trng Tuyn) T: 0974 892 901 Truy cp http://www.tailieupro.com/ cú thờm nhiu ti liu hay v thỳ v nhộ ;) ep u rpor oc oc m o thttpt :p/://w/ w ww ww t.at ial ii lei u http://www.tailieupro.co http://www.tailieupro.co http://www.tailieupro.co http://www.tailieupro.co http://www.tailieupro.co http://www.tailieupro.co http://www.tailieupro.co http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c t ph :t /t /pw: /w/ w w tw a i lt iaei ul iperuop cr oo mc http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c Truy cp http://www.tailieupro.com/ cú thờm nhiu ti liu hay v thỳ v nhộ ;) T DUY GII NHANH BI TP HểA HC ThS Trn Trng Tuyn BTNT.S 2n FeS2 n Cu2S 3n Fe2 (SO4 )3 n CuSO4 2x 0,045 3.0,5x 0,09 x 0,09 mol Đp n C Cõu 5: Cho hn hp 0,15 mol CuFeS2 v 0,09 mol Cu2FeS2 tỏc dng vi dung dch HNO3 d thu c dung dch X v hn hp khớ Y gm NO v NO2 Thờm BaCl2 d vo dung dch X thu c m gam kt ta Mt khỏc, nu thờm Ba(OH)2 d vo dung dch X, ly kt ta nung khụng khớ ti lng khụng i c x gam cht rn Giỏ tr ca m v x l : A.111,84 v 157,44 B.112,84 v 157,44 C.111,84 v 167,44 D.112,84 v 167,44 Hng dn gii: Fe(OH)3 t0 Kết tủa Cu(OH)2 x gam KK(O2 ) BaSO BTNT.Fe n Fe2 O3 n CuFeS2 n Cu2 FeS2 n CuO n CuFeS2 BTNT.Cu 2n Cu2 FeS2 Fe2 O3 CuO BaSO 0,15 0,09 0,12 mol 0,15 2.0,09 0,33 mol BTNT.S n BaSO4 2n CuFeS2 2n Cu2 FeS2 2.0,15 2.0,09 0, 48 mol m m BaSO4 233.0, 48 111,84 gam x = m Fe2 O3 m CuO m BaSO4 160.0,12 80,0,33 233.0, 48 157, 44 gam ỏp ỏn D Cõu 6: Ho tan hon ton 0,3 mol hn hp gm Al v Al4C3 vo dung dch KOH (d), thu c x mol hn hp khớ v dung dch X Sc khớ CO2 (d) vo dung dch X, lng kt ta thu c l 46,8 gam Giỏ tr ca x l A 0,55 B 0,60 C 0,40 D 0,45 Hng dn gii: CO2 H O KAlO2 Al(OH)3 : Al : a mol KOH dư 0,3 mol H Al C : b mol CH 46,8 0,6 mol 78 https://www.facebook.com/thay.trantrongtuyen (Trn Trng Tuyn) T: 0974 892 901 Truy cp http://www.tailieupro.com/ cú thờm nhiu ti liu hay v thỳ v nhộ ;) ep u rpor oc oc m o thttpt :p/://w/ w ww ww t.at ial ii lei u http://www.tailieupro.co http://www.tailieupro.co http://www.tailieupro.co http://www.tailieupro.co http://www.tailieupro.co http://www.tailieupro.co http://www.tailieupro.co http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c h t t p : / / w w w t a i l i e u p r o c http://www.tailieupro.c t ph :t /t /pw: /w/ w w tw a i lt iaei ul iperuop cr oo mc http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c Truy cp http://www.tailieupro.com/ cú thờm nhiu ti liu hay v thỳ v nhộ ;) ThS Trn Trng Tuyn T DUY GII NHANH BI TP HểA HC a b 0,3 a 0,2 BTNT.Al (đầucuối) a 4b 0,6 b 0,1 BTNT.C BTE n CH4 3n Al4C3 0,3 mol; n H2 3n Al 0,3 mol x n H2 nCH4 0,6 mol Đp n B Cõu 7: Thi hn hp khớ CO v H2 i qua a gam hn hp gm CuO v Fe3O4 cú t l mol : , sau phn ng thu c b gam cht rn A Hũa tan hon ton b gam A bng dung dch HNO3 loóng d , thu c dung dch X ( khụng cha ion Fe2+) Cụ cn dung dch X thu c 41 gam mui khan a gam nhn giỏ tr no ? A.9,8 B.10,6 C.12,8 D.13,6 Hng dn gii: BTNT.Cu Cu(NO3 )2 n Cu(NO3 )2 x mol BTNT.Fe n Fe(NO3 )3 6x mol Fe(NO3 )3 : 188x 242.6x 41 x 0,025 mol CuO : x mol a gam 41 gam Fe3O4 : 2x mol a = 80.0,025+232.2.0,025 = 13,6 gam Đp n D Cõu 8: Ho tan hon ton hn hp A gm 0,27 gam bt nhụm v 2,04 gam bt Al2O3 dung dch NaOH d thu c dung dch X Cho CO2 d tỏc dng vi dung dch X thu c kt ta Y, nung Y nhit cao n lng khụng i thu c cht rn Z Bit hiu sut cỏc phn ng u t 100% Khi lng ca Z l A 2,04 gam B 2,31 gam C 3,06 gam D 2,55 gam Hng dn gii: Al CO2 dư +H2 O NaOH dư t0 A X NaAlO2 Y Al(OH)3 Z Al2 O3 Al O3 n 0,27 2,04 BTNT.Al (đầu cuối) n Al2O3 (Z) Al n Al2O3 (A) 0,025 mol 2.27 102 m Z 102.0,025 2,55 gam Đp n D https://www.facebook.com/thay.trantrongtuyen (Trn Trng Tuyn) T: 0974 892 901 Truy cp http://www.tailieupro.com/ cú thờm nhiu ti liu hay v thỳ v nhộ ;) ep u rpor oc oc m o thttpt :p/://w/ w ww ww t.at ial ii lei u http://www.tailieupro.co http://www.tailieupro.co http://www.tailieupro.co http://www.tailieupro.co http://www.tailieupro.co http://www.tailieupro.co http://www.tailieupro.co http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c t ph :t /t /pw: /w/ w w tw a i lt iaei ul iperuop cr oo mc http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c Truy cp http://www.tailieupro.com/ cú thờm nhiu ti liu hay v thỳ v nhộ ;) ThS Trn Trng Tuyn T DUY GII NHANH BI TP HểA HC C BI TP LUYN TP Cõu 9: Hũa tan hon ton hn hp X gm 0,4 mol FeO v 0,1 mol Fe2O3 vo dung dch HNO3 loóng, d thu c dung dch A v khớ B khụng mu, húa nõu khụng khớ Dung dch A cho tỏc dng vi dung dch NaOH d thu c kt ta Ly ton b kt ta nung khụng khớ n lng khụng i thu c cht rn cú lng l: A 23,0 gam B 32,0 gam C 16,0 gam D 48,0 gam Cõu 10: Hũa tan 11,2 gam hn hp X gm Al v Fe HCl d thu c hn hp dung dch mui Y1 v khớ Y2 Cho dung dch Y1 tỏc dng vi NaOH d, lc kt ta ri nung khụng khớ n lng khụng i thỡ thu c gam cht rn Z Thnh phn % ca Fe hn hp ban u l: A 58,03% B 26,75% C 75,25% D 50% Cõu 11: Hũa tan hon ton hn hp gm 0,12 mol FeS2 v a mol Cu2S bng dung dch HNO3 va thu c dung dch Y ch cha hai mui sunfat v khớ NO l sn phm kh nht ca N+5 Tỡm a: A 0,03 B 0,04 C 0,06 D 0,12 Cõu 12: Hũa tan hon ton hn hp gm y mol FeS2 v gam Cu2S vo HNO3 va thu c dung dch Y ch cha hai mui sunfat v hn hp khớ Z gm NO2 v NO cú t l mol l : Giỏ tr ca x l: A 0,4 gam B gam C gam D gam Cõu 13: Cho mt lung khớ CO i qua ng ng 0,01 mol FeO v 0,03 mol Fe2O3 (hn hp A) t núng Sau kt thỳc thớ nghim thu c 4,784 gam cht rn B gm cht Ho tan cht rn B bng dung dch HCl d thy thoỏt 0,6272 lớt H2 (ktc) Tớnh s mol oxit st t hn hp B Bit rng B s mol oxit st t bng tng s mol st (II) oxit v st (III) oxit A 0,006 B 0,008 C 0,01 D 0,012 Cõu 14: Cho 1,56 gam hn hp gm Al v Al2O3 phn ng ht vi dung dch HCl (d), thu c lớt khớ H2 (ktc) v dung dch X Nh t t dung dch NH3 n d vo dung dch X thu c kt ta, lc ht lng kt ta, nung n lng khụng i thu c 2,04 gam cht rn Giỏ tr ca l A 0,672 B 0,224 C 0,448 D 1,344 Cõu 15: 7,68 gam hn hp X gm FeO, Fe3O4 v Fe2O3 tỏc dng va vi 260 ml dung dch HCl 1M thu c dung dch Y Cho Y tỏc dng vi dung dch NaOH d, lc ly kt ta em nung khụng khớ n lng khụng i c m gam cht rn m cú giỏ tr l: https://www.facebook.com/thay.trantrongtuyen (Trn Trng Tuyn) T: 0974 892 901 Truy cp http://www.tailieupro.com/ cú thờm nhiu ti liu hay v thỳ v nhộ ;) ep u rpor oc oc m o thttpt :p/://w/ w ww ww t.at ial ii lei u http://www.tailieupro.co http://www.tailieupro.co http://www.tailieupro.co http://www.tailieupro.co http://www.tailieupro.co http://www.tailieupro.co http://www.tailieupro.co http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c t ph :t /t /pw: /w/ w w tw a i lt iaei ul iperuop cr oo mc http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c Truy cp http://www.tailieupro.com/ cú thờm nhiu ti liu hay v thỳ v nhộ ;) ThS Trn Trng Tuyn A gam B 7,5 gam T DUY GII NHANH BI TP HểA HC C gam D gam Cõu 16: Hũa tan hn hp X gm 11,2 gam Fe v 2,4 gam Mg bng dung dch H2SO4, loóng d, thu c dung dch Y Cho dung dch NaOH d vo Y thu c kt ta Z Nung Z khụng khớ n lng khụng i thỡ c m gam cht rn Bit cỏc phn ng xy hon ton Giỏ tr m l: A.18 B.20 C.36 D.24 Cõu 17: t chỏy 9,8 gam bt Fe khụng khớ thu c hn hp rn X gm FeO, Fe3O4 v Fe2O3 ho tan X cn dựng va ht 500 ml dung dch HNO3 1,6M, thu c V lớt khớ NO (sn phm kh nht, o ktc) Giỏ tr ca V l A 6,16 B 10,08 C 11,76 D 14,0 Cõu 18: Cho 16,9 gam hn hp Na v Al hũa tan ht vo nc d thu c dung dch X Cho X phn ng ht vi 0,8 mol HCl thu c 7,8 gam kt ta v dung dch Y Sc CO2 vo Y khụng thy cú kt ta xut hin Tớnh lng Al hn hp ban u A.3,95 gam B.2,7 gam C.12,4 gam D.5,4 gam Cõu 19: Cho 2,24 gam bt st vo 200 ml dung dch cha hn hp gm AgNO3 0,1M v Cu(NO3)2 0,5M Sau cỏc phn ng xy hon ton, thu c dung dch X v m gam cht rn Y Giỏ tr ca m l A 2,80 B 2,16 C 4,08 D 0,64 HNG DN GII Cõu 9: n FeO 0, n Fe2O3 (X) 0,1 0,3 mol 2 m 160.0,3 48 gam Đp n D BTT.Fe (đầu cuối) n Fe2O3 (cuối) Cõu 10: Phõn tớch hng gii: + Khi cho Y1 vo dung dch NaOH d thỡ AlCl3 to kt ta Al(OH)3 ti a sau ú tan ht NaOH d Kt ta thu c ch cú Fe(OH)2 https://www.facebook.com/thay.trantrongtuyen (Trn Trng Tuyn) T: 0974 892 901 Truy cp http://www.tailieupro.com/ cú thờm nhiu ti liu hay v thỳ v nhộ ;) ep u rpor oc oc m o thttpt :p/://w/ w ww ww t.at ial ii lei u http://www.tailieupro.co http://www.tailieupro.co http://www.tailieupro.co http://www.tailieupro.co http://www.tailieupro.co http://www.tailieupro.co http://www.tailieupro.co http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c t ph :t /t /pw: /w/ w w tw a i lt iaei ul iperuop cr oo mc http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c Truy cp http://www.tailieupro.com/ cú thờm nhiu ti liu hay v thỳ v nhộ ;) T DUY GII NHANH BI TP HểA HC ThS Trn Trng Tuyn + Khi nung Fe(OH)2 khụng khớ n lng khụng i thu c cht rn l Fe2O3 (vỡ t Fe(OH)2 + O2 (KK) Fe2O3 + H2O) BTNT.Fe (đầu cuối) n Fe(X) 2n Fe2 O3 %m Fe(X) 0,1 mol 160 56.0,1 100% 50% Đp n D 11,2 Cõu 11: FeS : 0,12 mol HNO3 Fe2 (SO4 )3 NO H2 O Cu S : a mol CuSO BTNT.Fe n Fe2 (SO4 )3 n FeS2 BTNT.S 2n FeS2 n Cu2S BTNT.Cu 0,06 mol; n CuSO4 2n Cu2S 2a mol 3n Fe2 (SO4 )3 n CuSO4 2.0,12 a 3.0,06 2a a 0,06 mol Đp n C Cõu 12: FeS : x mol Fe2 (SO )3 HNO3 NO H O CuSO Cu2S : 160 0,025mol n FeS2 BTNT.Fe n Fe2 (SO4 )3 0,5x mol; BTNT.Cu n CuSO4 2n Cu2S 2.0,025 0,05 mol BTNT.S 2n FeS2 n Cu2S 3n Fe2 (SO4 )3 n CuSO4 2x 0,025 3.0, 5x 0,05 x 0,05 mol y 120.0,05 gam Đp n B Cõu 13: 0, 6272 BTE Fe n n 0,028 mol Fe H 22, FeO 0,01 mol FeO : x mol CO 4,784 gam A Fe O t0 Fe2 O3 : y mol 0,03 mol (x y) mol Fe3O : https://www.facebook.com/thay.trantrongtuyen (Trn Trng Tuyn) T: 0974 892 901 Truy cp http://www.tailieupro.com/ cú thờm nhiu ti liu hay v thỳ v nhộ ;) ep u rpor oc oc m o thttpt :p/://w/ w ww ww t.at ial ii lei u http://www.tailieupro.co http://www.tailieupro.co http://www.tailieupro.co http://www.tailieupro.co http://www.tailieupro.co http://www.tailieupro.co http://www.tailieupro.co http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c t ph :t /t /pw: /w/ w w tw a i lt iaei ul iperuop cr oo mc http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c Truy cp http://www.tailieupro.com/ cú thờm nhiu ti liu hay v thỳ v nhộ ;) ThS Trn Trng Tuyn T DUY GII NHANH BI TP HểA HC (x y) 56.0,028 72x 160y 232 4,784 x 0,012 (x y) y 0,006 BTNT.Fe 0,028 x 2y 0,01 2.0,03 n Fe3O4 0,012 0,006 0,006 mol Đp n A Cõu 14: NH3 H O t0 X AlCl3 Al(OH)3 Al O3 Al 2,04 x mol 0,02 mol HCl dư 102 1,56 gam Al O H2 y mol H2O 27x 102y 1,56 x 0,02 BTNT.Al x 2y 2.0,02 y 0,01 3n BTE n H2 Al 0,03 V 22, 4.0,03 0,672 lít Đp n A Cõu 15: n HCl 0,26 BTNT.O 0,13 mol; n O(X) n H2O 0,13 mol 2 7,68 16.0,13 5,6 gam n Fe(X) 0,1 mol BTNT.H n H2 O m Fe(X) BTNT.Fe (đầu cuối) n Fe2 O3 (cuối) n Fe(X) 0,05 mol m = 160.0,05 = gam ỏp ỏn C Cõu 16: 1 11,2 BTNT.Fe (đầu cuối) Fe O n n 0,1mol Fe O Fe 2 56 m gam 2, BTNT.Mg (đầu cuối) MgO n MgO n Mg 0,1 mol 24 m 160.0,1 40.0,1 20 gam Đp n B Cõu 17: https://www.facebook.com/thay.trantrongtuyen (Trn Trng Tuyn) T: 0974 892 901 Truy cp http://www.tailieupro.com/ cú thờm nhiu ti liu hay v thỳ v nhộ ;) ep u rpor oc oc m o thttpt :p/://w/ w ww ww t.at ial ii lei u http://www.tailieupro.co http://www.tailieupro.co http://www.tailieupro.co http://www.tailieupro.co http://www.tailieupro.co http://www.tailieupro.co http://www.tailieupro.co http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c t ph :t /t /pw: /w/ w w tw a i lt iaei ul iperuop cr oo mc http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c Truy cp http://www.tailieupro.com/ cú thờm nhiu ti liu hay v thỳ v nhộ ;) ThS Trn Trng Tuyn T DUY GII NHANH BI TP HểA HC FeO HNO3 :0,5.1,6 0,8 mol Fe X Fe2 O3 Fe(NO3 )3 NO H O 9,8 gam Fe O O2 9,8 0,175 mol 56 3n Fe(NO3 )3 0,5.1,6 3.0,175 0,275 mol BTNT.Fe n Fe(NO3 )3 n Fe BTNT.N n NO n HNO3 V 22, 4.0,275 6,16 lít Đp n A Cõu 18: Sc CO2 vo dung dch Y khụng thy cú kt ta xut hin Y khụng cú NaAlO2 Y cha NaCl v AlCl3 BTNT.Na n NaCl x mol NaCl Na : x mol HCl Y BTNT.Al X n AlCl3 (y 0,1) mol AlCl3 : Al:y mol Al(OH)3 : 0,1 mol BTNT.Cl x 3(y 0,1) 0,8 mol x 0,5 m 23x 27y 16,9 y 0,2 X m Al(X) 27.0,2 5, gam Đp n D Cõu 19: BTNT Fe X gồm: n Fe(NO3 )3 = BTNT N 0,04 mol; n Cu(NO3 )2 dư = 0,02+0,1.2-0,04.2=0,07 mol BTNT Ag Ag: 0,02 mol Y gồm: BTNT Cu m = 0,02.108 + 0,03.64 = 4,08 gam Đp n C Cu: 0,03 mol 10 https://www.facebook.com/thay.trantrongtuyen (Trn Trng Tuyn) T: 0974 892 901 Truy cp http://www.tailieupro.com/ cú thờm nhiu ti liu hay v thỳ v nhộ ;) ep u rpor oc oc m o thttpt :p/://w/ w ww ww t.at ial ii lei u http://www.tailieupro.co http://www.tailieupro.co http://www.tailieupro.co http://www.tailieupro.co http://www.tailieupro.co http://www.tailieupro.co http://www.tailieupro.co http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c t ph :t /t /pw: /w/ w w tw a i lt iaei ul iperuop cr oo mc http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c Truy cp http://www.tailieupro.com/ cú thờm nhiu ti liu hay v thỳ v nhộ ;) T DUY GII NHANH BI TP HểA HC ThS Trn Trng Tuyn X l NO3 ỏp ỏn A BTNT.H Cõu 8: n HCl 2n H2 17,696 1,58 mol 22, BTNT.Cl BTĐT n Cl n HCl 1,58 mol n O2 BTKL m Y m X m O2 n Cl 0,79 mol 17 16.0,79 29,64 gam Đp n A Cõu 9: t CO32 CO2 H O HCO3 Nung B đến khối lượng không đổi ta có t0 O2 CO2 CO3 Mg2 : 0,1 mol Ca : 0,15 mol BTĐT m gam Ba : 0,4 mol n O2 2n Mg2 2n Ca2 2n Ba n Cl 0,35 mol Cl : 0,6 mol O m = 24.0,1 + 40.0,15 + 137.0,4 + 35,5.0,6 + 16.0,35 = 90,1 gam Đp n A Cõu 10: n OH n NaOH 0, 25.1,04 0, 26 mol Fe3 : 0,024mol Al : 0,032 mol BTĐT X gồm H : 0,08mol n OH pư 1n H 3n Fe3 3n Al3 1n AlO Cl : 0,072mol SO24 : 0,088mol n AlO 0,26 0,08 3.0,024 3.0,032 0,02 BTNT.Al n Al(OH)3 n Al3 n AlO 0,032 0,02 0,012 mol Al(OH)3 m gam BTNT.Fe n Fe(OH)3 n Fe3 0,024 mol Fe(OH)3 m = 0,024.107 + 0,012.78 = 4,218 gam ỏp ỏn C 27 https://www.facebook.com/thay.trantrongtuyen (Trn Trng Tuyn) T: 0974 892 901 Truy cp http://www.tailieupro.com/ cú thờm nhiu ti liu hay v thỳ v nhộ ;) ep u rpor oc oc m o thttpt :p/://w/ w ww ww t.at ial ii lei u http://www.tailieupro.co h t t p : / /1.5.wBO wTON w ELECTRON t a i l i e(BTE) upro.co http://www.tailieupro.co http://www.tailieupro.co http://www.tailieupro.co http://www.tailieupro.co http://www.tailieupro.co http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c t ph :t /t /pw: /w/ w w tw a i lt iaei ul iperuop cr oo mc http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c Truy cp http://www.tailieupro.com/ cú thờm nhiu ti liu hay v thỳ v nhộ ;) ThS Trn Trng Tuyn T DUY GII NHANH BI TP HểA HC A PHNG PHP Nguyờn tc: S electron trao i phn ng oxi húa - kh luụn c bo ton Vn dng: ne ne cho ne nhận Cỏc hng t quan trng a) BTE ucui (b qua giai on cú s oxi húa trung gian) Vớ d: t chỏy m gam Fe oxi sau mt thi gian thu c cht rn X Hũa tan hon ton X vo dung dch HNO3 d thu c V lớt khớ NO ktc Phõn tớch: Xột ton b quỏ trỡnh phn ng ta thy Fe cui cựng chuyn ht v Fe cn cht oxi BTE (đầucuối) húa l O2 v HNO3 3n Fe 4nO2 3n NO b) BTE (b qua cht cú s oxi húa u cui nh nhau) Vớ d: Ho tan ht Cu vo dung dch HNO3 loóng, tt c khớ NO sinh em oxi hoỏ ht thnh NO2 ri sc vo nc cú dũng oxi chuyn ht thnh HNO3 Phõn tớch: +Xột ton b quỏ trỡnh phn ng ta thy s oxi húa ca N coi nh khụng thay i 28 https://www.facebook.com/thay.trantrongtuyen (Trn Trng Tuyn) T: 0974 892 901 Truy cp http://www.tailieupro.com/ cú thờm nhiu ti liu hay v thỳ v nhộ ;) ep u rpor oc oc m o thttpt :p/://w/ w ww ww t.at ial ii lei u http://www.tailieupro.co http://www.tailieupro.co http://www.tailieupro.co http://www.tailieupro.co http://www.tailieupro.co http://www.tailieupro.co http://www.tailieupro.co http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c t ph :t /t /pw: /w/ w w tw a i lt iaei ul iperuop cr oo mc http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c Truy cp http://www.tailieupro.com/ cú thờm nhiu ti liu hay v thỳ v nhộ ;) ThS Trn Trng Tuyn T DUY GII NHANH BI TP HểA HC BTE +T ú ta BTE cho cỏc nguyờn t thay i s oxi húa cũn li 2nCu 4nO2 c) Khi thay cht oxi húa ny bng cht oxi húa khỏc Vớ d: Cho m gam hn hp X gm Mg, Fe, Cu tỏc dng vi oxi d thu c hn hp cỏc oxit Mt khỏc cho m gam hn hp X tỏc dng vi Cl2 d thu c hn hp mui clorua Cỏc phn ng xy hon ton Phõn tớch: Ta thy lng cht kh thớ nghim nh Thớ nghim cú O2 l cht oxi húa Thớ nghim BTE cú Cl2 l cht oxi húa: 4nO2 2n Cl2 B BI TP VN DNG Cõu 1: Cho 13,92 gam Fe3O4 tỏc dng ht dung dch HNO3 thy thoỏt 0,448 lớt khớ NxOy (ktc) Khớ NxOy l : A NO B N2O C NO2 D N2 Hng dn gii: Gọi số e nhận N x Oy l a BTE n Fe3O4 a.n Nx Oy 13,92 0, 448 a a 232 22, N 3e N O Đp n A Cõu 2: Cho 5,4 gam kim loi R tỏc dng ht vi H2SO4 c thu c 1,68 lớt khớ H2S nht (ktc) Xỏc nh R A Al B Cu C Fe D Mg Hng dn gii: Gọi hóa trị cao R l a BTE a.n R 8n H2S a a 5, 1,68 R 9a R 22, R 27 (Al) Đp n A Cõu 3: Hũa tan hon ton 12 gam hn hp Fe, Cu (t l mol 1:1) bng axit HNO3, thu c V lớt ( ktc) hn hp khớ X (gm NO v NO2) v dung dch Y (ch cha hai mui v axit d) T ca X i vi H2 bng 19 Giỏ tr ca V l : A 2,24 lớt B 4,48 lớt C 5,60 lớt D 3,36 lớt Hng dn gii: Fe : x mol 12 gam 56x 64x 12 x 0,1 mol Cu : x mol 29 https://www.facebook.com/thay.trantrongtuyen (Trn Trng Tuyn) T: 0974 892 901 Truy cp http://www.tailieupro.com/ cú thờm nhiu ti liu hay v thỳ v nhộ ;) ep u rpor oc oc m o thttpt :p/://w/ w ww ww t.at ial ii lei u http://www.tailieupro.co http://www.tailieupro.co http://www.tailieupro.co http://www.tailieupro.co http://www.tailieupro.co http://www.tailieupro.co http://www.tailieupro.co http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c t ph :t /t /pw: /w/ w w tw a i lt iaei ul iperuop cr oo mc http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c Truy cp http://www.tailieupro.com/ cú thờm nhiu ti liu hay v thỳ v nhộ ;) T DUY GII NHANH BI TP HểA HC ThS Trn Trng Tuyn M NO M NO2 NO X , ta thấy M X 38 n NO n NO2 a mol NO2 BTE 3n Fe 2n Cu 3n NO n NO2 3.0,1 2.0,1 3a a a 0,125 mol V=22,4(n NO n NO ) 22, 4.0,25 5,6 lít Đp n C Cõu 4: Ho tan ht 28,8 gam Cu vo dung dch HNO3 loóng, tt c khớ NO sinh em oxi hoỏ ht thnh NO2 ri sc vo nc cú dũng oxi chuyn ht thnh HNO3 Th tớch oxi (ktc) ó tham gia vo cỏc phn ng quỏ trỡnh trờn A 5,04 lớt B 6,72 lớt C 10,08 lớt D 4,48 lớt Hng dn gii: Xột ton b quỏ trỡnh phn ng ta thy N cú s oxi húa u v cui u l +5 Coi N khụng cú s thay i s oxi húa 1 28,8 n Cu 0,225 mol 2 64 V = 22,4.0,225 = 5,04 lít Đp n A BTE 2n Cu 4n O2 n O2 Cõu 5: Nung m gam bt st oxi, thu c gam hn hp cht rn X Hũa tan ht hn hp X dung dch HNO3 (d), thoỏt 0,56 lớt ( ktc) NO (l sn phm kh nht) Giỏ tr ca m l A 2,52 gam B 2,22 gam C 2,62 gam D 2,32 gam Hng dn gii: Xột ton b quỏ trỡnh phn ng ta thy Fe cui cựng chuyn ht v Fe cn cht oxi húa l O2 v HNO3 BTKL 56x 32y n Fe x mol x 0,045 Đặt BTE (đầucuối) 0,56 n O2 y mol 3x 4y y 0,015 22, m 56.0,045 2,52 gam Đp n A Cõu 6: t chỏy ht 20g X gm Mg , Al , Cu v Zn Cl2 d c 34,2g mui clorua Nu t chỏy ht 20g X bng O2 d thỡ c bao nhiờu gam oxit kim loi : A 23,2g B 26,4g C 24,8g D 21,6g Hng dn gii: m Cl2 34,2 20 14,2 gam n Cl2 0,2 mol BTKL n Cl 0,1 mol 2 20 32.0,1 23,2 gam Đp n A BTE 4n O2 2n Cl2 n O2 BTKL m oxit 30 https://www.facebook.com/thay.trantrongtuyen (Trn Trng Tuyn) T: 0974 892 901 Truy cp http://www.tailieupro.com/ cú thờm nhiu ti liu hay v thỳ v nhộ ;) ep u rpor oc oc m o thttpt :p/://w/ w ww ww t.at ial ii lei u http://www.tailieupro.co http://www.tailieupro.co http://www.tailieupro.co http://www.tailieupro.co http://www.tailieupro.co http://www.tailieupro.co http://www.tailieupro.co http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c t ph :t /t /pw: /w/ w w tw a i lt iaei ul iperuop cr oo mc http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c Truy cp http://www.tailieupro.com/ cú thờm nhiu ti liu hay v thỳ v nhộ ;) T DUY GII NHANH BI TP HểA HC ThS Trn Trng Tuyn Cõu 7: Cho khớ H2 i qua ng s cha m gam Fe2O3 un núng, sau mt thi gian thu c 20,88 gam hn hp cht rn Ho tan ht lng cht rn trờn dung dch HNO3 d thy thoỏt 0,39 mol NO2 nht Tớnh lng HNO3 ó tham gia phn ng? A 81,27 g B 54,18 g C 108,36 g D 27,09 g Hng dn gii: Fe FeO HNO3 20,88 gam Fe(NO3 )3 NO2 H O H2 Fe O Fe2 O3 t 0,39 mol Fe3O H2O Ta thấy Fe có số oxi hóa đầu v cuối (coi không thay đổi) 0,39 0,195 mol 0,195 mol BTE 2n H2 n NO2 n H2 BTNT.H n H2 O n H2 BTKL mFe2O3 20,88 18.0,195 2.0,195 24 gam n Fe2O3 0,15 mol BTNT.Fe (đầucuối) n Fe(NO3 )3 2n Fe2O3 0,3 mol BTNT.N n HNO3 3n Fe(NO3 )3 n NO2 3.0,3 0,39 1,29 mol m HNO3 63.1,29 81,27 gam Đp n A C BI TP T LUYN Cõu 8: Cho 0,05 mol Mg phn ng va vi 0,12 mol HNO3 gii phúng khớ X l sn phm kh nht Xỏc nh X A NH3 B NO C N2 D N2O Cõu 9: Cho 11,88 gam kim loi M tỏc dng ht vi HNO3 un núng gii phúng 0,15 mol hn hp khớ X gm N2O v N2 cú t hi ca X so vi H2 l 18,8 Kim loi M l : A Zn B Al C Mg D Fe Cõu 10: Mt hn hp gm hai bt kim loi Mg v Al c chia thnh hai phn bng nhau: - Phn 1: cho tỏc dng vi HCl d thu c 3,36 lớt H2 - Phn 2: ho tan ht HNO3 loóng d thu c V lớt mt khớ khụng mu, hoỏ nõu khụng khớ (cỏc th tớch khớ u o ktc) Giỏ tr ca V l A 2,24 lớt B 3,36 lớt C 4,48 lớt D 5,6 lớt Cõu 11: Cho 7,84 lớt hn hp khớ X (ktc) gm Cl2 v O2 phn ng va vi 11,1 gam hn 31 https://www.facebook.com/thay.trantrongtuyen (Trn Trng Tuyn) T: 0974 892 901 Truy cp http://www.tailieupro.com/ cú thờm nhiu ti liu hay v thỳ v nhộ ;) ep u rpor oc oc m o thttpt :p/://w/ w ww ww t.at ial ii lei u http://www.tailieupro.co http://www.tailieupro.co http://www.tailieupro.co http://www.tailieupro.co http://www.tailieupro.co http://www.tailieupro.co http://www.tailieupro.co http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c t ph :t /t /pw: /w/ w w tw a i lt iaei ul iperuop cr oo mc http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c Truy cp http://www.tailieupro.com/ cú thờm nhiu ti liu hay v thỳ v nhộ ;) ThS Trn Trng Tuyn T DUY GII NHANH BI TP HểA HC hp Y gm Mg v Al, thu c 30,1 gam hn hp Z Phn trm lng ca Al Y l A 75,68% B 24,32% C 51,35% D 48,65% Cõu 12: Cho 2,24 gam bt st vo 200 ml dung dch cha hn hp gm AgNO3 0,1M v Cu(NO3)2 0,5M Sau cỏc phn ng xy hon ton, thu c dung dch X v m gam cht rn Y Giỏ tr ca m l A 2,80 B 2,16 C 4,08 D 0,64 Cõu 13: t chỏy x mol st bng oxi thu c 5,04 gam hn hp A gm cỏc oxit ca st Ho tan hon ton A dung dch HNO3 d sinh 0,035 mol hn hp Y gm NO, NO2 cú t so vi H2 l 19 Giỏ tr ca x l A 0,05 mol B 0,04 mol C 0,07 mol D 0,09 mol Cõu 14: Cho khớ CO qua ng s cha m gam Fe2O3 nung núng, sau mt thi gian thu c 13,92 gam hn hp X gm Fe, FeO, Fe3O4, Fe2O3 Ho tan ht X bng dd HNO3 c núng d thu c 5,824 lớt NO2 nht (ktc) Tớnh m? A 9,76 g B 18,08 g C 11,86 g D 16,0 g Cõu 15: Ho tan 13,68 gam mui MSO4 vo nc c dung dch X in phõn X (vi in cc tr, cng dũng in khụng i) thi gian t giõy, c y gam kim loi M nht catot v 0,035 mol khớ anot Cũn nu thi gian in phõn l 2t giõy thỡ tng s mol khớ thu c c hai in cc l 0,1245 mol Giỏ tr ca y l A 4,788 B 4,480 C 1,680 D 3,920 Cõu 16: in phõn dung dch X cha a mol CuSO4 v 0,2 mol KCl (in cc tr, mng ngn xp, cng dũng in khụng i) thi gian t giõy, thu c 2,464 lớt khớ anot (ktc) Nu thi gian in phõn l 2t giõy thỡ tng th tớch khớ thu c c hai in cc l 5,824 lớt (ktc) Bit hiu sut in phõn 100%, cỏc khớ sinh khụng tan dung dch Giỏ tr ca a l A 0,26 B 0,24 C 0,18 D 0,15 Cõu 17: Ho tan 5,6 gam Fe bng dung dch H2SO4 loóng (d), thu c dung dch X Dung dch X phn ng va vi V ml dung dch KMnO4 0,5M Giỏ tr ca V l A 40 B 80 C 60 D 20 Cõu 18: Cho g hn hp X gm Cu, Fe3O4 tỏc dng HNO3 un núng Sau phn ng xy hon ton thu c 1,344 lớt hn khớ A gm NO v NO2 dungdch Y v 1,2 kim loi T ca A so vi He l 9,5 Cho dung dch Y tỏc dng vi NaOH d ri nung khụng khớ n lng khụng i thu c m gam cht rn Giỏ tr m l: A.8 B.9 C.10 D.11 32 https://www.facebook.com/thay.trantrongtuyen (Trn Trng Tuyn) T: 0974 892 901 Truy cp http://www.tailieupro.com/ cú thờm nhiu ti liu hay v thỳ v nhộ ;) ep u rpor oc oc m o thttpt :p/://w/ w ww ww t.at ial ii lei u http://www.tailieupro.co http://www.tailieupro.co http://www.tailieupro.co http://www.tailieupro.co http://www.tailieupro.co http://www.tailieupro.co http://www.tailieupro.co http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c t ph :t /t /pw: /w/ w w tw a i lt iaei ul iperuop cr oo mc http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c Truy cp http://www.tailieupro.com/ cú thờm nhiu ti liu hay v thỳ v nhộ ;) ThS Trn Trng Tuyn T DUY GII NHANH BI TP HểA HC HNG DN GII Cõu 8: BTNT.Mg n Mg(NO3 )2 n Mg 0,05 mol BTNT.N n N(X) n HNO3 2n Mg(NO3 )2 0,12 2.0,05 0,02 mol Gọi số e nhận N X l a BTE 2n Mg a.n N(X) 2.0,05 a.0,02 a 5 N 5e N X l N Đp n C Cõu 9: n N2 O n N2 0,15 n N2O 0,09 Ta có 44n N2O 28n N2 0,15.2.18,8 n N2 0,06 Gọi hóa trị cao kim loi M l a BTE a a 11,88 8.0,09 10.0,06 M 9a M M 27 (Al) Đp n B Cõu 10: Ta thy lng cht kh thớ nghim nh 3,36 BTE 2n H2 3n NO n NO 0,1 mol V = 2,24 lít Đp n A 22, Cõu 11: 7,84 n X n O2 n Cl2 22, n O2 0,15 BTKL n Cl2 0,2 32n 71n 30,1 11,1 O Cl 2 m Y 24n Mg 27n Al 11,1 n Mg 0,35 BT e n 0,1 2n Mg 3n Al 4n O2 2n Cl2 4.0,15 2.0,2 Al 0,1.27 % mAl 100 24,32% ỏp ỏn B 11,1 Cõu 12: 2.0,04 1.0,02 0,03 mol m = 0,02.108 + 0,03.64 = 4,08 gam Đp n C BT e 2n Fe 1n Ag + 2n Cu2+ pư n Cu2+ pư 33 https://www.facebook.com/thay.trantrongtuyen (Trn Trng Tuyn) T: 0974 892 901 Truy cp http://www.tailieupro.com/ cú thờm nhiu ti liu hay v thỳ v nhộ ;) ep u rpor oc oc m o thttpt :p/://w/ w ww ww t.at ial ii lei u http://www.tailieupro.co http://www.tailieupro.co http://www.tailieupro.co http://www.tailieupro.co http://www.tailieupro.co http://www.tailieupro.co http://www.tailieupro.co http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c t ph :t /t /pw: /w/ w w tw a i lt iaei ul iperuop cr oo mc http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c Truy cp http://www.tailieupro.com/ cú thờm nhiu ti liu hay v thỳ v nhộ ;) T DUY GII NHANH BI TP HểA HC ThS Trn Trng Tuyn Cõu 13: M NO M NO2 0,035 0,0175 mol 2 BTKL 56x 32y 5,04 x 0,07 n Fe x mol Đ ặt BTE 3x 4y 3.0,0175 1.0,0175 y 0,035 n O2 y mol Ta có M Y 38 n NO n NO2 Đp n C Cõu 14: 3 Xét ton qu trình phn ứng ta thấy Fe (đầu) Fe (cuối) coi Fe không thay đổi số oxi hóa BTE 2n CO pư BTNT.C n CO2 5,824 22, n NO2 n CO pư 0,13 mol n CO pư 0,13 mol BTKL m 28.0,13 13,92 44.0,13 m 16 gam Đp n D Cõu 15: BT e Thớ nghim 1: ( t giõy): nO 0,035 Ne 4.0,035 0,14 2n M n M 0,07 2 Thớ nghim 2: ( 2t giõy): nO 2.0,035 0,07 nH 0,1245 0,07 0,0545 2 BT e N'e 2N e 0,14.2 2n M2+ + 2n H2 n M2+ 0,0855 M MSO4 = 13,68 TN1 160 (CuSO ) m Cu =0,07.64=4,48 gam 0,0855 ỏp ỏn B Cõu 16 Thớ nghim 1: ( t giõy) n O2 2,464 n Cl2 0,11 0,1 0,01 N e 0,1.2 0,01.4 0,24 mol 22,4 Thớ nghim 2: ( 2t giõy) BT e N'e 2Ne 0,24.2 2.0,1 4n O2 n O2 0,07 n H2 5,824 0,1 0,07 0,09 22,4 BT e 2nCu2 0,09.2 0,48 n Cu2 0,15 ỏp ỏn D Cõu 17: BTNT Fe n Fe = BT e n Fe2+ =0,1; 1n Fe2+ = 5n MnO - 0,1 n KMnO4 =n MnO 0,02 4 = 0,02 : 0,5 = 0,04 lớt = 40 ml ỏp ỏn A 34 https://www.facebook.com/thay.trantrongtuyen (Trn Trng Tuyn) T: 0974 892 901 Truy cp http://www.tailieupro.com/ cú thờm nhiu ti liu hay v thỳ v nhộ ;) ep u rpor oc oc m o thttpt :p/://w/ w ww ww t.at ial ii lei u http://www.tailieupro.co http://www.tailieupro.co http://www.tailieupro.co http://www.tailieupro.co http://www.tailieupro.co http://www.tailieupro.co http://www.tailieupro.co http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c t ph :t /t /pw: /w/ w w tw a i lt iaei ul iperuop cr oo mc http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c Truy cp http://www.tailieupro.com/ cú thờm nhiu ti liu hay v thỳ v nhộ ;) ThS Trn Trng Tuyn T DUY GII NHANH BI TP HểA HC Cõu 18: Vỡ sn phm cha 1,2 gam Cu d Fe Fe3O4 chuyn ht v Fe2+ Cu(NO3 )2 Cu : x mol Fe(NO3 )2 HNO3 gam X NO Fe3O :y mol A NO2 1,344 0,06 n NO n NO2 n NO 0,03 22, 30n NO 46n NO 0,06.9,5.4 n NO2 0,03 BTE 2x 2y 3.0,03 0,03 x 0,07 y 0,01 m X 64x 232y 1,2 BTNT.Cu CuO n CuO n Cu 0,07 m gam 3n Fe3O4 BTNT.Fe n Fe2O3 0,015 Fe2 O3 m 80.0,07 160.0,015 gam Đp n A 35 https://www.facebook.com/thay.trantrongtuyen (Trn Trng Tuyn) T: 0974 892 901 Truy cp http://www.tailieupro.com/ cú thờm nhiu ti liu hay v thỳ v nhộ ;) ep u rpor oc oc m o thttpt :p/://w/ w ww ww t.at ial ii lei u http://www.tailieupro.co http://w w PHP t a iQUI l i I eupro.co 1.6 w PHNG http://www.tailieupro.co http://www.tailieupro.co http://www.tailieupro.co http://www.tailieupro.co http://www.tailieupro.co http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c t ph :t /t /pw: /w/ w w tw a i lt iaei ul iperuop cr oo mc http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c Truy cp http://www.tailieupro.com/ cú thờm nhiu ti liu hay v thỳ v nhộ ;) ThS Trn Trng Tuyn T DUY GII NHANH BI TP HểA HC A PHNG PHP C s ca phng phỏp chất oxi hóa Bi toỏn: Hỗn hợp X (nhiều chất) Sn phẩm Khi ta qui i hn hp X v hn hp cha ớt cht hn (cng cha cỏc nguyờn t ú) hay qui i v hn hp cỏc nguyờn t X, phi th a cỏc nh lut bo ton nh: BTKL, BTNT, BTE Phng ỏn ti u nht l qui i hn hp v cỏc nguyờn t Cỏc bi toỏn thng gp Fe FeO tc dụng với HNO3 hay H 2SO đặc Bi toỏn 1: X Fe O Fe3O4 Fe Qui đổi X O Fex Oy tc dụng với HNO3 H2SO4 đặc Qui đổi X Bi toỏn 2: X Cu Na Ba tc dụng với H O Qui đổi X Bi toỏn 3: X Na O BaO Fe Cu O Na Ba O Fe FeS tc dụng với HNO3 hay H 2SO đặc Qui đổi X Bi toỏn 4: X FeS S Fe S 36 https://www.facebook.com/thay.trantrongtuyen (Trn Trng Tuyn) T: 0974 892 901 Truy cp http://www.tailieupro.com/ cú thờm nhiu ti liu hay v thỳ v nhộ ;) ep u rpor oc oc m o thttpt :p/://w/ w ww ww t.at ial ii lei u http://www.tailieupro.co http://www.tailieupro.co http://www.tailieupro.co http://www.tailieupro.co http://www.tailieupro.co http://www.tailieupro.co http://www.tailieupro.co http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c t ph :t /t /pw: /w/ w w tw a i lt iaei ul iperuop cr oo mc http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c Truy cp http://www.tailieupro.com/ cú thờm nhiu ti liu hay v thỳ v nhộ ;) ThS Trn Trng Tuyn T DUY GII NHANH BI TP HểA HC B BI TP P DNG Cõu 1: Hũa tan ht m gam hn hp X gm FeO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4 bng HNO3 c núng thu c 4,48 lớt khớ NO2 (ktc) Cụ cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c 145,2 gam mui khan giỏ tr ca m l A 35,7 gam B 46,4 gam C 15,8 gam D 77,7 gam Hng dn gii: Fe : a mol Qui đổi X O: b mol 145,2 0,6 mol 242 4, 48 3.0,6 0,2 BTE 3a 2b b 0,8 mol 22, BTNT.Fe n Fe n Fe(NO3 )3 a BTKL m 56.0,6 16.0,8 46, gam Đp n B Cõu 2: Ho tan ht 25,6 gam cht rn X gm Fe, FeS, FeS2 v S bng dung dch HNO3 d thy thoỏt V lớt khớ NO l sn phm kh nht ktc v dung dch Y Thờm dung dch Ba(OH)2 d vo dung dch Y thu c 126,25 gam kt ta Tỡm V : A 17,92 B 19,04 C 27,58 D 24,64 Hng dn gii: BTNT.Fe n Fe(OH)3 n Fe a mol Fe : a mol Qui đổi X BTNT.S S : b mol n BaSO4 n S b mol BTKL 56a 32b 25,6 a 0,2 m kết tủa 107a 233b 126,25 b 0, 45 3n 6n S BTE n NO Fe 0,2 2.0, 45 1,1 mol V = 24,64 lít ỏp ỏn D Cõu 3: Hũa tan hon ton 34,8 gam mt oxit st (FexOy) dung dch H2SO4 c núng, sau phn ng thu c 1,68 lớt khớ SO2 (ktc) Oxit ú l: A FeO B Fe2O3 C Fe3O4 D Khụng xỏc nh Hng dn gii: 37 https://www.facebook.com/thay.trantrongtuyen (Trn Trng Tuyn) T: 0974 892 901 Truy cp http://www.tailieupro.com/ cú thờm nhiu ti liu hay v thỳ v nhộ ;) ep u rpor oc oc m o thttpt :p/://w/ w ww ww t.at ial ii lei u http://www.tailieupro.co http://www.tailieupro.co http://www.tailieupro.co http://www.tailieupro.co http://www.tailieupro.co http://www.tailieupro.co http://www.tailieupro.co http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c t ph :t /t /pw: /w/ w w tw a i lt iaei ul iperuop cr oo mc http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c Truy cp http://www.tailieupro.com/ cú thờm nhiu ti liu hay v thỳ v nhộ ;) T DUY GII NHANH BI TP HểA HC ThS Trn Trng Tuyn BTKL 56a 16b 34,8 Fe : a mol a 0, 45 Qui đổi Fex Oy BTE 1,68 3a 2b O: b mol b 0,6 22, n 0, 45 Fe (Fe3O4 ) Đp n C nO 0,6 Cõu 4: Hn hp X gm Na, Ba, Na2O v BaO Hũa tan hon ton 21,9 gam X vo nc, thu c 1,12 lớt khớ H2 (ktc) v dung dch Y, ú cú 20,52 gam Ba(OH)2 Hp th hon ton 6,72 lớt khớ CO2 (ktc) vo Y, thu c m gam kt ta Giỏ tr ca m l A 21,92 B 23,64 C 39,40 D 15,76 Hng dn gii: BTKL 23a 137b 16c = 21,9 gam a 0,14 BTNT.Ba b = 0,12 mol b 0,12 BTE c 0,14 a 2b 2c 2.0,05 n OH a 2b 0,38 n CO n OH n CO2 0,38 0,3 0,08 n Ba m = 0,08.197 = 15,76 gam ỏp ỏn D C BI TP T LUYN Cõu Cho 11,36 gam hn hp X gm Fe v cỏc oxit ca st phn ng vi dung dch HNO3 d thu c 1,344 lớt khớ NO ktc l sn phm kh nht v dung dch Y Cụ cn dung dch Y thỡ c m gam mui khan Tỡm m: A 49,09 B 35,50 C 38,72 D 34,36 Cõu 6: Ho tan hon ton 2,44g hn hp bt X gm FexOy v Cu bng dung dch H2SO4 c núng (d) Sau phn ng thu c 0,504 lớt khớ SO2 (sn phm kh nht, ktc) v dung dch cha 6,6 gam hn hp mui sunfat Phn trm lng ca Cu X l A 39,34% B 65,57% C 26,23% D 13,11% Cõu 7: Ho tan ht m gam hn hp X gm Fe, FeCl2, FeCl3 dung dch H2SO4 c núng to 4,48 lớt SO2 ktc l sn phm kh nht v dung dch Y Thờm dung dch NH3 d vo dung 38 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khớ ch cú NO2 ( ktc, sn phm kh nht) v dung dch Y Cho ton b Y vo mt lng d dung dch BaCl2, thu c 46,6 gam kt ta; cũn cho ton b Y tỏc dng vi dung dch NH3 d thu c 10,7 gam kt ta Giỏ tr ca V l A 38,08 B 24,64 C 16,8 D 11,2 Cõu Hn hp X gm: Na, Ca, Na2O v CaO Hon tan ht 5,13 gam hn hp X vo nc thu c 0,56 lớt H2 (ktc) v dung dch kim Y ú cú 2,8 gam NaOH Hp th 1,792 lớt khớ SO2 (ktc) vo dung dch Y thu c m gam kt ta Giỏ tr ca m l: A.7,2 B.6,0 C.4,8 D.5,4 Cõu 10: Hũa tan 21,5 gam hn hp X gm Ba, Mg, BaO, MgO, BaCO3 v MgCO3 bng mt lng dung dch HCl va thu c dung dch Y v 2,24 lớt hn hp khớ Z (ktc) cú t hi i vi H2 l 11,5 Cho ton b dung dch Y tỏc dng vi mt lng dung dch Na2SO4 va thu c m gam kt ta v dung dch T Cụ cn dung dch T ri tin hnh in phõn núng chy thu c 4,928 lớt khớ (ktc) anot Cỏc phn ng xy hon ton Giỏ tr ca m l A 27,96 B 23,30 C 20,97 D 25,63 HNG DN GII Cõu 5: BTKL 56a 16b 11,36 Fe : a mol a 0,16 Qui đổi X BTE 1,344 3a 2b O : b mol b 0,15 22, BTNT.Fe n Fe(NO3 )3 n Fe 0,16 m = 242.0,16 = 38,72 gam Đp n C Cõu 6: n Fe : a mol BTNT.Fe n Fe2 (SO4 )3 Fe 0,5a mol Qui đổi X Cu : b mol BTNT.Cu O : c mol n CuSO4 n Cu b mol BTKL 56a 64b 16c 2, 44 a 0,025 0,504 BTE 3a 2b 2c b 0,01 22, c 0,025 m muối sunfat 400.0,5a 160.b 6,6 39 https://www.facebook.com/thay.trantrongtuyen (Trn Trng Tuyn) T: 0974 892 901 Truy cp http://www.tailieupro.com/ cú thờm nhiu ti liu hay v thỳ v nhộ ;) ep u rpor oc oc m o thttpt :p/://w/ w ww ww t.at ial ii lei u http://www.tailieupro.co http://www.tailieupro.co http://www.tailieupro.co http://www.tailieupro.co http://www.tailieupro.co http://www.tailieupro.co http://www.tailieupro.co http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c t ph :t /t /pw: /w/ w w tw a i lt iaei ul iperuop cr oo mc http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c http://www.tailieupro.c Truy cp http://www.tailieupro.com/ cú thờm nhiu ti liu hay v thỳ v nhộ ;) ThS Trn Trng Tuyn %mCu(X) T DUY GII NHANH BI TP HểA HC 64.0,01 100% 26,23% Đp n C 2, 44 Cõu 7: 4, 48 BTE 3a b Fe : a mol 22, a 0,3 Qui đổi X 32,1 Cl : b mol b 0,5 BTNT.Fe a 107 BTKL m 56.0,3 35,3.0,5 34,55 gam Đp n B Cõu 8: 46,6 BTNT.S n S n BaSO4 233 0,2 mol Cu 10,7 BTNT.Fe Qui X Fe n Fe n Fe(OH)3 0,1 mol 107 S BTKL 64n Cu 56.0,1 32.0,2 18, n Cu 0,1 mol BTE n NO2 2nCu 3n Fe 6nS 2.0,1 3.0,1 6.0,2 1,7 mol V = 22,4.1,7 = 38,08 lít Đp n A Cõu 9: n NaOH 2,8 0,56 1,792 0,07 mol; n H2 =0,025 mol; nSO2 0,08 mol 40 22, 22, BTNT.Na Na n Na 0,07 mol 0,07.23 40x 16y 5,13 Qui X Ca : x mol BTE 0,07 2x 2y 2.0,025 O : y mol x 0,06 n OH (Y) n NaOH 2n Ca(OH)2 0,07 2.0,06 0,19 mol y 0,07 n 0,19 OH (Y) 2,375 n SO2 n SO2 0,08 > n Ca2 n SO2 0,08 CaSO3 tính theo Ca m 120.0,06 7,2 gam Đp n A Cõu 10: 40 https://www.facebook.com/thay.trantrongtuyen (Trn Trng Tuyn) T: 0974 892 901 Truy cp http://www.tailieupro.com/ cú thờm nhiu ti liu hay v thỳ v nhộ ;) ep u rpor oc oc m o thttpt :p/://w/ w ww ww t.at 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nhõn: https://www.facebook.com/thay.trantrongtuyen Fanpage: https://www.facebook.com/trantrongtuyen.gv/ Groups hc tp: https://www.facebook.com/groups/trantrongtuyen/ Gmail: trantuyen89hy@gmail.com in thoi: 0974 892 901 41 https://www.facebook.com/thay.trantrongtuyen (Trn Trng Tuyn) T: 0974 892 901 Truy cp http://www.tailieupro.com/ cú thờm nhiu ti liu hay v thỳ v nhộ ;) ... thờm nhiu ti liu hay v thỳ v nhộ ;) T DUY GII NHANH BI TP HểA HC ThS Trn Trng Tuyn A PHNG PHP Du hiu ca phng phỏp Hu ht cỏc bi toỏn húa hc u liờn quan ti lng Do ú,vic ta ỏp dng BTKL húa hc l rt... ab a, b: số mol M ,M : khối lượng mol (1) m hh n hh M , với m hh : khối lượng hỗn hợp n hh : số mol hỗn hợp M1 M M2 (nếu M1 M2 ) M M1 M2 a=b Khi M1 M M1 M2 M (1) a(M M1 ) b(M M... ;) ThS Trn Trng Tuyn T DUY GII NHANH BI TP HểA HC A PHNG PHP Nguyờn tc: S electron trao i phn ng oxi húa - kh luụn c bo ton Vn dng: ne ne cho ne nhận Cỏc hng t quan trng a) BTE ucui (b qua