the therapist notebook on strengths and solution based therapies

Free ebooks ==> www.Ebook777.com www.Ebook777.com Free ebooks ==> www.Ebook777.com THE THErapisT’s noTEbook on sTrEngTHs anD soluTion-basED THErapiEs www.Ebook777.com THE THErapisT’s noTEbook on sTrEngTHs anD soluTion-basED THErapiEs Homework, Handouts, and Activities BoB Bertolino MicHAel Kiener ryAn PAtterson New York London Free ebooks ==> www.Ebook777.com Routledge Taylor & Francis Group 270 Madison Avenue New York, NY 10016 Routledge Taylor & Francis Group 27 Church Road Hove, East Sussex BN3 2FA © 2009 by Taylor and Francis Group, LLC Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper 10 International Standard Book Number: 978-0-415-99415-6 (Paperback) For permission to photocopy or use material electronically from this work, please access www.copyright.com (http://www.copyright.com/) or contact the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc (CCC), 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, 978-750-8400 CCC is a not-for-profit organization that provides licenses and registration for a variety of users For organizations that have been granted a photocopy license by the CCC, a separate system of payment has been arranged Trademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe Library of Congress Cataloging‑in‑Publication Data Bertolino, Bob, 1965The therapist’s notebook on strengths and solution-based therapies : homework, handouts, and activities / Bob Bertolino, Michael Kiener, Ryan Patterson p cm Includes bibliographical references and index ISBN 978-0-415-99415-6 (pbk : alk paper) Solution-focused therapy Problems, exercises, etc I Kiener, Michael II Patterson, Ryan III Title RC489.S65B473 2009 616.89’147 dc22 2008050571 Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at http://www.taylorandfrancis.com and the Routledge Web site at http://www.routledgementalhealth.com www.Ebook777.com To Steve de Shazer and Insoo Kim Berg; two seekers of solutions in life and beyond — Bob To my parents, Cynthia and Jack, all of my efforts are possible because of your unconditional love and support — Michael To Youth in Need, you are an unceasing source of inspiration to me — Ryan Contents Acknowledgments Introduction Expanding the Field: A Brief Background of Strengths and Solution-Based (SSB) Ideologies Principles of Strengths and Solution-Based Therapies The Format of This Book How to Use the Exercises in This Book We Are Only as Strong as Our Weakest Link: Strengthening the Use of This Book References xi xiii xiii xiii xv xvi xvii xx Section I Becoming Strengths and Solution-Based: Creating a Context for Change I.1 I.2 I.3 I.4 I.5 I.6 I.7 I.8 I.9 I.10 I.11 I.12 I.13 The Philosophical Inventory: Expanding Awareness and Impact of Beliefs Dismantling Your Status Quo: Challenging Assumptions and Gaining Insight Creating New Meaning: All Our Actions Are Meaningful Taking the “ic” Out of the Person: Seeing the Core Within Composing Your Theoretical Worldview: What I Believe Me, Myself, and I: Understanding Personal Strengths How I Describe What I Do: Examining Personal Theory and Principles of Change The Key Is Collaboration: Working “With” Clients Expectations and Next-Pectations: Learning Clients’ Preferences for Therapy The Body Knows: The Influence of Words What Are Words For? Terminology as a Pathway of Connection Individuality, Uniqueness, and Strength: Working With People Who Have a Long List of Labels Becoming the Hero of Your Own Story: Changing Narratives and Lives Through a Creative Process 11 13 16 18 22 25 27 31 34 36 Section II Getting Focused: Exploring Strengths and Solutions in Information Gathering II.1 It Is Your Life: Creating Space for the Client’s Story II.2 Hello, My Name Is: Meeting Yourself Again II.3 Lowering Walls and Building Bridges: Initial Steps in Creating Collaborative Relationships 41 43 45 vii viii    Contents II.4 II.5 II.6 II.7 II.8 II.9 II.10 II.11 II.12 II.13 II.14 II.15 II.16 II.17 II.18 II.19 II.20 II.21 Stone Soup: Acknowledging Strengths, Potential, and Contributions to Change Stenographer: I Said What? What Is the Effect? Exploring the Influences of Problems What Does That Look Like? Translating Ambiguity Through Action-Talk G-O! Focusing on Goals and Outcomes Goals for Goal Setting: Charting a Clear Course From Problem-Talk to Solution-Talk: Creating Possibilities Through Language Future Screening: Creating a Vision for the Future Destination Imagination: Envisioning the Future Through Miracles, Dreams, and the Extraterrestrial I Can See Clearly Now: Developing a Future Focus From Here to Where? Service Planning for Change In Many Ways: Mapping Paths of Change The Spokes of Life: Cultivating Resources What Tips the Scale? Weighing the Benefits of Change Embracing Your State: A Race With Yourself Matching Up: Creating a Fit Between Therapist and Client The Filing Cabinet: Categorizing My Favorite Methods Song for Myself: Celebrating Strength, Capacity, and Individuality 47 50 53 55 58 63 65 68 71 75 79 83 86 91 96 98 100 102 Section III Reconnection to Self: Experience, Affect, and Emotion III.1 III.2 III.3 III.4 III.5 III.6 III.7 III.8 III.9 III.10 III.11 III.12 Getting in Touch With Emotion: Hearing What Feelings Have to Say The Culture of Emotion: Aligning Emotion and Change Flipping the Switch: Tuning In To Self “And” Now for Something Completely Different: The Use of Words to Build New Connections In a Moment’s Notice: Internalizing the Experience of Now The 360° Self: Integrating Internal Experience and Aspects of Self Body Over Mind: Settling Down Through Abilities Let It Be: Accepting What Is Let the Music Do the Talking: Sometimes Words Are Not Enough Using Positive Relationships to Enhance Positive Coping Mechanisms: Who Makes You Feel Good? Finding Meaning With Therapeutic Tattoos: Looking for Strengths in Unusual Places The Oasis of the Mind: The Return of Memories Past 109 111 113 115 117 119 123 125 127 130 132 134 Section IV Exploring New Worlds of Possibility: Changing Perspectives and Perceptions IV.1 IV.2 IV.3 IV.4 IV.5 IV.6 Life Pursuits and the Meaning of It All: Why Am I Here? The Inner Limits: Interviewing Self for Solutions What in the World? Noticing Between Session Change Pollyanna Grows Up: From Positives to Strengths The Art of the Frame: Using Reality-Defining Language Completing the Puzzle of Your Life: Putting the Pieces Together 139 143 145 147 151 154 Free ebooks ==> www.Ebook777.com Contents    ix IV.7 IV.8 IV.9 IV.10 IV.11 IV.12 IV.13 IV.14 My Biography: In Your Own Words 20,000 to 1: It Takes Only One Dear Diary: What Were My Strengths Today? Life Witnesses: Meaningful Connections and Enduring Relationships Gratitudes: Appreciating Others Vantage Point: Multiple Angles, Multiple Solutions History Is Now: The Wisdom of Others The Road Less Traveled: Exploring the Hidden Possibilities During Life’s Most Challenging Times IV.15 Being the Author of Your Life: Say What You Need to Say IV.16 More on Meeting Yourself Again: Living With Yourself 156 158 161 163 166 169 173 176 178 181 Section V Lives in Motion: Changing Patterns of Action and Interaction V.1 V.2 V.3 V.4 V.5 Getting Off the Hamster Wheel: Going Forward With Purpose Keeping the Momentum: Being Proactive and Enhancing Change You Don’t Say: The “No-Talk” Client Changing It Up: Altering Problem Patterns Being a Creature of Habit: Identifying, Establishing, and Maintaining Rituals V.6 The Economy of Movement: When Smaller Changes Lead to Bigger Ones V.7 Decision Making and a Healthy Amount of Worry: Making Stress Your Friend V.8 From Mountains to Molehills: Taking Things One Step at a Time V.9 Raindrops on Roses and Whiskers on Kittens: What Are My Favorite Things? V.10 Replacing Street Behavior: Walking the Fine Line V.11 Taking Stock: Clients Increasing Their Control Over Their Lives V.12 Shuffling the Deck: Creating Cards to Create Change 185 188 190 193 195 198 202 204 206 208 210 212 Section VI Narratives of Transformation: Change, Progress, Transitions, and Endings VI.1 Building Momentum: Extending Change Into the Future VI.2 Developing Your Own Take-Home Message: Tell Me What You Think VI.3 Filling the Void: It Can Be Better Than You Thought VI.4 Creating Your Own GPS: A New Map for a New Day VI.5 Building the Fire Inside: Sustaining Change in Your Life VI.6 Giving Credit to Yourself: A New Look in the Mirror VI.7 The Crossroads of Change: Maintaining New Patterns VI.8 In Honor of You: Incorporating Ritual Into the Transition Process VI.9 Sharing the Credit: Acknowledging the Contributions of Others VI.10 Maintaining the Course: Negotiating Future Hurdles VI.11 Coming Soon to a Theater Near You: Preparing Clients for Their Next Great Adventure VI.12 Spreading the News: Strengthening New Stories VI.13 Where Do We Go From Here? Using Original Goals as Benchmarks for Charting a Future Course www.Ebook777.com 217 221 223 225 227 229 231 233 236 240 244 247 249 Creating a Culture of Care and Respect: Consultation, Supervision, and Development    273 VII.7  The Inner Mister Rogers: Cultivating Acceptance and Compassion During Supervision Therapist’s Overview Purpose of the Exercise Since Carl Rogers spoke of “unconditional positive regard,” it has become a fundamental premise underlying many therapeutic approaches While the concept has been further developed and adapted as later models and approaches arose, Roger’s description of the necessity of genuine respect and empathy for the client is today nearly universally accepted This, however, is not always easy No matter the experience or skill level, most therapists will at some point in their careers encounter a client whom, despite their best efforts, they perhaps secretly label as resistant, manipulative, or worse As supervisors, it is important to warn of these pitfalls and to assist the therapist in rediscovering their client’s basic human dignity As discussed elsewhere, this point of view is essential for the clinician to be as effective as possible in the therapeutic relationship Suggestions for Use This exercise can be used at any time during supervision in both professional and academic settings It may be adapted for use with clients who feel “stuck” in a relationship to a particular individual Cross-references: This exercise may also be used together with Exercise I.1, “The Philosophical Inventory: Expanding Awareness and Impact of Beliefs” and “Walking the Talk: Employing a Strengths and Solution-Focused Philosophy.” Exercise If dreams tell us anything, it is that most things can be interpreted in multiple ways This is particularly true of human behavior As complicated creatures (“I contain multitudes,” said Walt Whitman), our actions can at one moment be seen as altruistic and the next seen as the height of selfishness When working with our clients, we can sometimes get comfortable with one type of interpretation for multiple actions This can blind us to other possibilities and lead to a sense of “stuckness” for both you and your client The following are some questions for us to discuss together during our supervision Name of the client with whom you are frustrated Identify the main action your client has taken recently with which you are struggling 274    The Therapist’s Notebook on Strengths and Solution-Based Therapies Name three different possible motivations or interpretations of this action a b c Which of those interpretations you feel is the most likely to be true? Which of those interpretations you consider to be the most compassionate toward your client? Which of those options offers the most options and possibilities for change? How you feel you can be most helpful to this client in the future? Creating a Culture of Care and Respect: Consultation, Supervision, and Development    275 VII.8  The Benefits of Self-Reflection: Maximizing Counselor Effectiveness Therapist’s Overview Purpose of the Exercise The intent of this exercise is for the counselor to remain self-reflective and beneficent to the client It is imperative for the counselor to have a continuous collaborative orientation to reflect, assess, and plan the counseling process Simple self questions can be asked by the counselor to remain vigilant to this task When a counselor sees a client slipping into old patterns of behavior or not responding to a specific technique or exercise, one could ask “How am I responding to this person in ways that are not completely beneficial?” Perhaps you are asking the client to things he or she is not ready to A goal of reflective practice is to continuously question your practice and find means to rigorously answer your question with the end result of improved practice Suggestions for Use This exercise can be beneficial both as a tool for beginning counselors to develop self-reflective skills and as a tool to be utilized during supervision This exercise could be useful when you feel yourself possibly maintaining the status quo or when you notice diminished client progress Exercise A successful beginning to this exercise would start when reviewing case notes and planning for future sessions The following are some simple questions you can ask yourself to increase your selfreflective skills If I believe a client is being resistant, what role did I play in that process? What I need to accomplish not to respond to my client in the same ways that ineffective counselors have? How can I maintain or increase collaboration with my client? What parts of your counseling illustrate it is an effective session? 276    The Therapist’s Notebook on Strengths and Solution-Based Therapies What happens during your counseling that may indicate you are not as effective as you would like? What would the client say to illustrate that he or she no longer needs counseling? What I need to to make that happen? How can I use supervision to reflect, assess, and plan the remainder of the sessions? Creating a Culture of Care and Respect: Consultation, Supervision, and Development    277 VII.9 Interviewing Your Supervisor: Is Your Supervisor as Strengths and Solution-Focused as You Are? Therapist’s Overview Purpose of the Exercise The key to the work of the supervisor and supervisee is one of the hallmarks of strengths and solution-based (SSB) therapy—a focus on relationship It is vital, therefore, for the supervisee to develop a clear, up-front understanding of the personal philosophy and working style of their supervisor The more overt conversations regarding such matters take place as quickly into the working relationship as possible, the more quickly and deeply the two working parties can grow together The purpose of this is to give the new supervisee a series of important questions to be asked of their new superior The process will facilitate a collaborative relation and suggest a dialogue structure that empowers both parties to actively articulate their questions and needs Suggestions for Use This exercise is intended for use toward the beginning of the supervision relationship The interviewer is encouraged to share his or her own opinions to the questions and pursue follow-up questions as they become relevant Cross-reference: This activity can be used in conjunction with Exercise I.1, “The Philosophical Inventory: Expanding Awareness and Impact of Beliefs.” Exercise As we begin working together, it is vital that I understand your point of view and philosophy as well as you mine Hopefully this is the beginning of an ongoing discussion that will result in continued growth and development for us both Please answer the following questions: What does the term “strengths and solution-focused” mean to you? How would you describe your philosophy as a supervisor? 278    The Therapist’s Notebook on Strengths and Solution-Based Therapies What will you use to evaluate my development as a clinician? What or who has had the greatest impact on your learning? What have been your greatest challenges in incorporating strengths and solution-focused ideas into your work? What are your strengths as a supervisor? What are your areas of growth as a supervisor? Please give an example of a client who achieved great success using the strengths and solutionfocused philosophy Free ebooks ==> www.Ebook777.com Creating a Culture of Care and Respect: Consultation, Supervision, and Development    279 What is something you would like me to know that will help me understand your manner of working? 10 Is there a question I should have asked that I did not? www.Ebook777.com 280    The Therapist’s Notebook on Strengths and Solution-Based Therapies VII.10  Reinventing the Cookbook: Proactive and Reflective Ways to Use This Book Therapist’s Overview Purpose of the Exercise Perhaps the most essential skill for a counselor to develop is his or her ability to become a reflective practitioner A reflective practitioner actively reflects and critiques his or her practice Moreover, the reflective practitioner has the skills to implement change and assess its effectiveness Thus, a reflective practitioner engages in a continual process of self-investigation with the end result of improved practice and better service provision The intent of this exercise is to help facilitate reflective practitioner skills and create an effective plan to utilize this book The purpose of this book is not to be a quick fix or to be used as a cookbook with predetermined exercises to meet every counseling situation Rather, this book is to be used as a tool to examine your and your client’s strengths to determine the most effective course of action Suggestions for Use This exercise is most appropriate as a tool to plan and reflect on sessions This exercise can also be utilized in supervision or as a teaching model for new counselors When you are in doubt about how a session is going, ask your client This is a simple way to become process and outcome informed Cross-reference: This exercise can also be utilized with the last section in the Introduction, “We Are Only as Strong as Our Weakest Link: Strengthening the Use of This Book.” Exercise To begin this exercise, page through this book and get a “feel” for its content and think about how it resonates with your ideas of change Ask yourself what makes sense and what needs further clarification Jot down your thoughts and questions and begin a dialogue with your supervisor or another colleague Use your conversations as a basis to critically reflect on the how and why of your counseling (i.e., How I counsel and why I engage clients this way?) If you feel you need more work in this area, complete exercise I.5, “Composing Your Theoretical Worldview: What I Believe.” To continue this exercise, think about a particular client and ask yourself the following questions: What is going well with Client X? How you know it is going well? Creating a Culture of Care and Respect: Consultation, Supervision, and Development    281 What is needed to make your next session just a little bit better? What aspect of this book could be used to maximize the above questions? What could be improved with Client X? How you know it could be improved? What is needed in your next session to improve it just a little bit? What aspect of this book could be used to maximize your answers in Questions through 7? Index “f” indicates material in figures A Accountability, 116 Action/interaction alternative, 176–177, 185–187, 193–194, 212–213 components of, 101 experiences and, 101 incremental, 204–205 perceptions, perspectives, and, 101 physiology and, 27 stress and, 203 in therapeutic relationship, 131 Action-talk, 55–57 Adaptability, 231 Amplifying change, 217 Amygdala, 27, 123 Anxiety, 202 Appointment scheduling, 23 Appreciation, 166–168 Areas of growth, 259–261, 278 Artwork, 132–133, 244 Aspects of self acceptance of, 96–97 acknowledging, 121, 156–157 contradictory, 115–116 integration of, 119, 121–122 Jung’s “shadow,” 119 negative, 119–122 positive, 229–230 visions of the future and, 68, 75 Attendance of meetings/sessions, 22 B Balance, 270 Beliefs of client, 25–26, 145, 208 of psychologically healthy people, 96 setting of sessions and, 23 of therapist, 3–6, 13–15, 18–19, 271 Biography, 156–157, 178–180 Burnout, 264–266 C Change as a Process, xiv, 20 Clients benefits for, 91–95 ideal vs challenging, 7–8 resistant/unmotivated, 55, 190, 236, 273–275 role reversal by, 34–35, 50–52 silent, 190–191 Collaboration for coping strategies, 208 on goals, 221, 249 initial steps toward, 45–46 keys to, 22–24 perspective and, 147–150 self-reflection during, 275 on service plan, 79, 81 on vision of the future, 178 Communication “and” instead of “but,” 115–116 conversation skills, 9–10, 191 effectiveness of, 151 invalidation messages, 126, 236 listening space, 41, 42 opening questions, 41–42 physiology and, 27–29, 123–124 problem- and solution-talk, 65–67 reframing of concerns, 9, 53–57, 151–153 with silent clients, 190–191 on stuck situations, 253–255, 273–275 with supervisors, 277–279 using SSB language, 147 words, response to, 31–33 Compliments, 229 Connectedness, 87f, 270–272 Constructivism, 154 Coping mechanisms, 130, 202–203, 208–209, 223–224 Course of action plan; See Service plan Crystal ball, 72 Cultural competence, 20 Cultural norms, 111, 208 D Decision making, 202–203, 209 “Destination Imagination,” 71–74 Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), 34 Diary, 161–162 Distress, 27, 60, 119, 123–124 Dreams, 73, 140–142, 273 E Emotions; See also Feelings acknowledgement of, 121 culture and, 111–112 focus on, 113–114 getting in touch with, 109–110 integration of, 121–122 language and, 27–28 music and, 127 negative, 119–122 positive, 229 stress and, 27, 123 Employment situation of client, 181–182 of therapist, 256–257, 264–266 283 284    Index Expectations, client action-talk and, 55 for change, 83–85, 100 collaboration and, 22 investigating, 25–26 therapist principles and, 21 Expectations, therapist, 18–19, 21 Experiences acceptance of, 125–126 acknowledge, 190–191 action/interaction and, 101 comforting, 134–136 components of, 101 contradictory, 115–116 fulfilling, 265 internal, 27–29, 113–114, 119–126 Jung’s “shadow,” 119 normalization of, 190 perception/perspectives and, 101 responses to criticisms, 126 Gratitudes, 166–168 F Factor of fit, 21, 98–100 Favorite activities, 206–207 Feedback, 23, 253–255 Feelings acceptance of, 125–126 acknowledge, 121, 236 culture and, 111–112 focus on, 113–114 getting in touch with, 109–110 integration of, 121–122 music and, 127–129 negative, 119–122, 236, 258 positive, 35, 130–131 societal norms and, 125 words, response to, 27–29, 35 Format of meetings/sessions, 22 Free association, 28–29 Freud, Sigmund, 28 Frontal cortex, 27, 123 Frost, Robert, 176 M Maintaining changes, 240–243 Meaning of life, 139–140, 262 Memories, 134–136 Methods, 21, 100–101 Methods of Inquiry program, 63 Miracles, 72, 178, 223, 227 Music, 127–129 G Games, 212 Goals accomplishment of, 245 as benchmarks, 249 characteristics of, 58 commonality of, 47 concerns reframed as, 10, 59–61 definition of, 58 miracle thinking and, 223 progress towards achieving, 188–189, 210–211, 217–220, 245–246, 249–250 of reflective practice, 275 setting of, 63–64, 79–81 GPS, internal, 225–226 H Happiness, 102 Hypothalamus, 27, 123 I Identifying change, 217 Individual well-being, 60 Interpersonal relationships, 61 Invalidation, 126, 236 J Jung, Carl, 28, 119 L Life mission, 139–142 Life puzzle, 154–155 Life witnesses, 163–165 O Open door perspective, 23 Opening questions, 41–42 Organizational assessment, 259–263 Orientation to the world, 101, 113–114, 117 Outcome-oriented feedback, 23 Outcomes changes associated with, 176–177 coping strategies and, 208–209 definition of, 58, 60 indicators of, 60–61, 81–82 method and, 100 process rating, 131, 221 P Perceptions and perspectives action/interaction and, 101 alternative vantage points, 169–172 components of, 101 contradictory, 115–116 experiences and, 101 inspiration, 173–175 Pollyanna vs SSB, 147–150 between sessions, 145–146, 158–160, 199–201 Personality development theories, 96 Person-first language, 11–12 Philosophical inventory, 3–6 Photographs, 134 Index    285 Physiology, 27–29, 123–124 Poster, movie, 244 Praise, 229 Present, focusing on the, 117–118 Pride, 161, 210, 225, 229, 245 Problem-talk, 65–67 Problems affect of, 117–118 assessment of, 23, 158–160, 198–201 definition of, 65 description of, 55–57 influences of, 53–54 pattern of, 176–177, 193–194, 212–213, 231 reframing of, 9, 53–57, 151–153 resurfacing of, 240–241 Process-oriented feedback, 23 Progress assessment, 188–189, 210–211, 217–220, 245–246, 249–250 Psychologically healthy person, 96 Q Qualities, identification of, 43–44, 102–105 Questioning techniques, 63, 143–144, 225 R Reframing of concerns, 9, 53–57, 151–153 Relaxation, 109 Report cards, 188–189 Resiliency, 231 Resources acknowledgement of, 181, 236 identification of, 86–90, 130–132, 163–165, 247–248 in The Spokes of Life, 87f Rituals, 195–197, 233–235 Rogers, Carl, 273 S Salience of a disability/diagnosis, 11, 35, 44, 66 Self-awareness, 231 Self-care techniques, 267–269 Self-interviews, 43–44, 143–144 Self-reflection skills, 275–276 Service plan, 79–82, 249 Setting of meetings/sessions, 23, 256, 257 “Shadow,” Jung, 119 Sharing the credit for change, 236–239, 245–246 Social roles, 61 Societal normalcy markers, 96 Solution-talk, 65–67 Spokes of Life, The, 87f Stone soup, 47–49 Storytelling/writing, 36–38 Strengths, identification of client, 102, 132–133, 147–150 organizational, 259–261 supervisory, 278 therapist, 16–17, 161–162, 258 Strengths and solution-based (SSB) therapies changes associated with, 101, 145–146, 158, 198 emotional states and, 109 features of, 208, 223, 229 misconception about, 147 opening questions in, 41–42 premises of, 45 principles of, 20–21, 225 supervisory relationships and, 277–279 Stress, 27, 264 Successful person, 102 Supervisor interview, 277–279 T Take-home message, 221–222 Tattoos, 132–133 Termination of counseling, 231–232, 242, 276 Therapeutic relationship, 130, 131 360° self, 119 Time machine, 73 Treatment plan; See Service plan V Values, 96, 208, 237 Visions of the future, client action plan for, 141–142 aspects of self and, 68, 75 barriers to, 140–141, 240–243 creation of, 68–70 development of, 71–74, 209 exploring, 46 meaning of life and, 139–140 music and, 128 shaping of, 75–78, 178 of therapy progression, 25 Visions of the future, therapist, 17 Visualization, 134–136 W Word-association test, 28–29 Free ebooks ==> www.Ebook777.com www.Ebook777.com ... www.Ebook777.com THE THErapisT s noTEbook on sTrEngTHs anD soluTion- basED THErapiEs www.Ebook777.com THE THErapisT s noTEbook on sTrEngTHs anD soluTion- basED THErapiEs Homework, Handouts, and Activities... Solution- Based (SSB) Ideologies In the late 1970s and early 1980s, solution- based therapies (that is, solution- focused and solutionoriented therapies) represented a shift in perspective among therapists... xvi    The Therapist s Notebook on Strengths and Solution- Based Therapies their patterns of attention, assumptions, evaluations, points of view, and identity stories through solution- talk This