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JWCL192_fm_i-xxiii.qxd 9/7/09 5:06 PM Page xx JWCL192_fm_i-xxiii.qxd 9/7/09 5:06 PM Page i This online teaching and learning environment integrates the entire digital textbook with the most effective instructor and student resources WR ÀW HYHU\ OHDUQLQJ VW\OH With WileyPLUS: ‡ Students achieve concept mastery in a rich, structured environment that’s available 24/7 ‡ Instructors personalize and manage their course more effectively with assessment, assignments, grade tracking, and more ‡ manage time better ‡study smarter ‡ save money From multiple study paths, to self-assessment, to a wealth of interactive visual and audio resources, WileyPLUS gives you everything you need to personalize the teaching and learning experience » F i n d o u t h ow t o M A K E I T YO U R S » www.wileyplus.com JWCL192_fm_i-xxiii.qxd 9/7/09 5:06 PM Page ii ALL THE HELP, RESOURCES, AND PERSONAL SUPPORT YOU AND YOUR STUDENTS NEED! 2-Minute Tutorials and all of the resources you & your students need to get started www.wileyplus.com/firstday Student support from an experienced student user Ask your local representative for details! 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JWCL192_fm_i-xxiii.qxd 9/11/09 5:46 PM Page iii Fundamentals of Human Resource Management Tenth Edition David A DeCenzo Coastal Carolina University Conway, SC Stephen P Robbins San Diego State University San Diego, CA Tenth Edition Contributor Susan L Verhulst Des Moines Area Community College Ankeny, IA John Wiley & Sons, Inc JWCL192_fm_i-xxiii.qxd 9/11/09 5:46 PM Page iv Associate Publisher Executive Editor Senior Editoral Assistant Marketing Manager Marketing Assistant Production Manager Senior Production Editor Freelance Development Editor Senior Designer Interior Design Senior Media Editor Senior Photo Editor Production Management Cover Design Cover Credit George Hoffman Lise Johnson Sarah Vernon Amy Scholz Laura Finley Dorothy Sinclair Sandra Dumas Susan McLaughlin Kevin Murphy Laura Ierardi Allison Morris Hilary Newman mb editorial services David Levy ©Michael Eudenbach/Getty Images, Inc This book was set in 10/12 ITC Legacy Serif Book by Aptaracorp, Inc and printed and bound by Courier/Kendallville The cover was printed by Courier/Kendallville This book is printed on acid free paper ϱ Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2005, 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc All rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise, except as permitted under Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, website www.copyright.com Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030-5774, (201)748-6011, fax (201)748-6008, website http://www.wiley.com/go/permissions To order books or for customer service please, call 1-800-CALL WILEY (225-5945) DeCenzo, David A, Robbins, Stephen P Fundamentals of Human Resource Management—10th ed ISBN-13 978-0470-16968-1 Printed in the United States of America 10 JWCL192_fm_i-xxiii.qxd 9/11/09 5:46 PM Page v Brief Contents PA RT UNDERSTANDING HRM Chapter The Dynamic Environment of HRM Chapter Fundamentals of Strategic HRM 28 PART THE LEGAL AND ETHICAL CONTEXT OF HRM Chapter Equal Employment Opportunity 56 Chapter Employee Rights and Discipline 84 PART STAFFING THE ORGANIZATION Chapter Human Resource Planning and Job Analysis 110 Chapter Recruiting Chapter Foundations of Selection 154 PART 132 TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT Chapter Socializing, Orienting, and Developing Employees 182 Chapter Managing Careers PART 208 MAINTAINING HIGH PERFORMANCE Chapter 10 Establishing the Performance Management System 230 Chapter 11 Establishing Rewards and Pay Plans 260 Chapter 12 Employee Benefits 286 Chapter 13 Ensuring a Safe and Healthy Work Environment PART Chapter 14 312 LABOR–MANAGEMENT ENVIRONMENTS Understanding Labor Relations and Collective Bargaining 340 Endnotes 367 Glossary 389 Company Index 395 Subject Index 398 v JWCL192_fm_i-xxiii.qxd 9/11/09 11:14 PM Page vi Contents Employee Involvement 20 PART UNDERSTANDING HRM How Organizations Involve Employees 20 Employee Involvement Implications for HRM 20 Other HRM Challenges 21 Chapter The Dynamic Environment of HRM Recession 21 Off Shoring 21 Mergers 22 Learning Outcomes A Look at Ethics 22 Introduction Summary 23 Understanding Cultural Environments The Changing World of Technology Demonstrating Comprehension: Questions for Review 24 What Is a Knowledge Worker? Key Terms 24 How Technology Affects HRM Practices HRM Workshop Recruiting Employee Selection Training and Development Ethics and Employee Rights Motivating Knowledge Workers Paying Employees Market Value Communications Decentralized Work Sites Skill Levels A Legal Concern ETHICAL ISSUES IN HRM: Invasion of Privacy? WORKPLACE ISSUES: We Are Now Entering the Blogosphere 10 Workforce Diversity 10 25 Linking Concepts to Practice: Discussion Questions 25 Developing Diagnostic and Analytical Skills 25 Case 1: Work/Life Balance at Baxter 25 Working with a Team: Understanding Diversity Issues 25 Learning an HRM Skill: Guidelines for Acting Ethically 26 Enhancing Your Communication Skills 26 Chapter Fundamentals of Strategic HRM 28 Learning Outcomes 28 Introduction 30 Why Is HRM Important to an Organization? 30 The Workforce Today 10 DID YOU KNOW?: Chief Diversity Officer 11 How Diversity Affects HRM 11 WORKPLACE ISSUES: Diversity Awareness 12 What Is a Work/Life Balance? 12 DID YOU KNOW?: Looking at the Future of HRM 13 DID YOU KNOW?: International Diversity 14 The Labor Supply 14 The Strategic Nature 32 The HRM Functions 33 Staffing Function 34 Training and Development Function 35 Motivation Function 36 Maintenance Function 37 How External Influences Affect HRM 38 Do We Have a Shortage of Skilled Labor? 14 The Dynamic Environment of HRM 38 Why Do Organizations Lay Off Employees during Shortages? 15 Laws and Regulation 38 How Do Organizations Balance Labor Supply? 15 Management Thought 39 Issues Contingent Workers Create for HRM 16 Continuous Improvement Programs 18 vi DID YOU KNOW?: A Management Recap 31 Labor Unions 38 Structure of the HRM Department 40 Employment 40 Work Process Engineering 19 Training and Development 41 How HRM Can Support Improvement Programs 19 Compensation and Benefits 42 How HRM Assists in Work Process Engineering 19 Employee Relations 42 JWCL192_fm_i-xxiii.qxd 9/11/09 5:47 PM Page vii Contents vii Top Management Commitment 43 Effective Upward Communication 43 Determining What to Communicate 44 Allowing for Feedback 44 Information Sources 44 WORKPLACE ISSUES: HRM Certification 44 Is a Career in HRM for Me? 45 ETHICAL ISSUES IN HRM: Purposely Distorting Information 46 Does HRM Really Matter? 46 HR Trends and Opportunities 47 Outsourcing 47 Professional Employer Organization (PEO) 47 Shared Services 47 HRM in an Entrepreneurial Enterprise 48 HRM in a Global Environment 48 HR and Corporate Ethics 49 The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 62 The Civil Rights Act of 1991 63 The Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993 63 Uniformed Services Employment and Reemployment Rights Act of 1994 64 Relevant Executive Orders 64 Guarding Against Discrimination Practices 65 DID YOU KNOW?: Is a Problem Brewing? 66 Determining Potential Discriminatory Practices 66 The 4/5ths Rule 66 Restricted Policy 66 Geographical Comparisons 67 McDonnell-Douglas Test 67 Responding to an EEO Charge 67 Business Necessity 68 Bona Fide Occupational Qualifications 68 Seniority Systems 68 Selected Relevant Supreme Court Cases 69 Summary 50 Cases Concerning Discrimination 69 Demonstrating Comprehension: Questions for Review 51 Cases Concerning Reverse Discrimination 71 ETHICAL ISSUES IN HRM: English-Only Rules 72 Key Terms Enforcing Equal Opportunity Employment 72 51 HRM Workshop 52 Linking Concepts to Practice: Discussion Questions 52 Developing Diagnostic and Analytical Skills 52 Case 2: Nine-to-Five No More 52 Working with a Team: Making a Layoff Decision 52 Learning an HRM Skill: HR Certification 53 Enhancing Your Communication Skills 54 The Role of the EEOC 72 Office of Federal Contract Compliance Program (OFCCP) 73 Current Issues in Employment Law 74 What Is Sexual Harassment? 74 Are Women Reaching the Top of Organizations? 75 DID YOU KNOW?: EEOC Reaches Out to Young Workers 76 HRM in a Global Environment 78 Summary 79 PART THE LEGAL AND ETHICAL CONTEXT OF HRM Demonstrating Comprehension: Questions for Review 80 Key Terms 80 HRM Workshop 81 Linking Concepts to Practice: Discussion Questions 81 Chapter Equal Employment Opportunity 56 Learning Outcomes 56 Introduction 58 Laws Affecting Discriminatory Practices 58 The Importance of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 59 Developing Diagnostic and Analytical Skills 81 Case Application 3-A: Diversity Is the New Color This Year 81 Case Application 3-B: When Oversight Fails 81 Working with a Team: What’s Your Perception? 82 Learning an HRM Skill: Investigating a Harassment Complaint 82 Enhancing Your Communication Skills 83 Affirmative Action Plans 59 DID YOU KNOW?: Suggestions for Recruiting Minorities and Women 60 Adverse Impact 61 Chapter Employee Rights and Discipline 84 What Other Laws Affect Discrimination Practices? 61 Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967 62 The Pregnancy Discrimination Act of 1978 62 Learning Outcomes 84 Introduction 86 JWCL192_fm_i-xxiii.qxd 9/7/09 5:06 PM Page viii Contents viii Employee Rights Legislation and the HRM Implications 86 The Privacy Act of 1974 86 PART STAFFING THE ORGANIZATION The Fair Credit Reporting Act of 1974 87 The Drug-Free Workplace Act of 1988 87 The Polygraph Protection Act of 1988 88 The Worker Adjustment and Retraining Notification Act of 1988 88 Current Issues Regarding Employee Rights 90 Drug Testing 90 DID YOU KNOW?: Why Organizations Conduct Drug Tests 91 Chapter Human Resource Planning and Job Analysis 110 Learning Outcomes 110 Introduction 112 An Organizational Framework 112 Honesty Tests 92 ETHICAL ISSUES IN HRM: Competitive Intelligence 114 Whistle-Blowing 92 Linking Organizational Strategy to Human Resource Planning 115 Employee Monitoring and Workplace Security 93 DID YOU KNOW?: By the Numbers 93 Workplace Romance 94 The Employment-at-Will Doctrine 95 Exceptions to the Doctrine 96 Contractual Relationship 96 Statutory Considerations 96 Public Policy Violation 96 Implied Employment Contract 96 Breech of Good Faith 97 Discipline and Employee Rights 97 What Is Discipline? 97 WORKPLACE ISSUES: Managers Should Be Prepared before Disciplining Employees 98 Factors to Consider When Disciplining 98 Disciplinary Guidelines 99 Disciplinary Actions 101 Written Verbal Warning 101 Written Warning 102 Suspension 102 Dismissal 103 Summary 104 Assessing Current Human Resources 115 Human Resource Information Systems 115 Succession Planning 116 Determining the Demand for Labor 117 Predicting the Future Labor Supply 117 Where Will We Find Workers? 118 Matching Labor Demand and Supply 118 Job Analysis 120 Job Analysis Methods 120 Observation Methods 120 Individual Interview Method 120 Group Interview Method 120 Structured Questionnaire Method 120 Technical Conference Method 120 Diary Method 121 Structured Job Analysis Techniques 121 O*NET and the Department of Labor 121 Position Analysis Questionnaire 122 Purpose of Job Analysis 123 Job Descriptions 123 Job Specifications 123 Job Evaluations 124 Demonstrating Comprehension: Questions for Review 105 The Multifaceted Nature of Job Analysis 124 Key Terms Job Enrichment 125 106 HRM Workshop 107 Linking Concepts to Practice: Discussion Questions 107 Developing Diagnostic and Analytical Skills 107 Case Application 4-A: Casino Has No Sense of Humor Regarding “Dilbert” Comic 107 Case Application 4-B: Off-the-Job Behaviors 107 Working with a Team: Dealing in Gray Areas 108 Learning an HRM Skill: Guidelines for Counseling Employees 108 Enhancing Your Communication Skills 109 Job Design 125 Flexible Work Schedules 126 Job Design and Teams 127 Summary 127 Demonstrating Comprehension: Questions for Review 128 Key Terms 129 HRM Workshop 130 Linking Concepts to Practice: Discussion Questions 130 Developing Diagnostic and Analytical Skills 130 Case Application 5: Turnover and Morale Problems at TSA 130 JWCL192_cidx_395-397.qxd 9/14/09 3:02 PM Page 396 www.downloadslide.com 396 IBM (continued ) upward communication via online survey, 44 IMC Mortgage, 85 J Jackson, Brian (Tyson’s), 326 Jiffy Lube, 76 John Deere, 4, 356 Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 205 Johnson & Johnson, 144, 277, 333 J Weingarten, Inc., 101 K Kaiser Aluminum, 71 Kelly Services, 142, 145 Kia Motors America, 103 Knight-Ridder, 114 Kodak, 10, 332–333 Kraemer, Harry Jansen (Baxter International), 25 Kraft Foods, 226 L Lamale, Ellen (Principal Financial Group), 209 Lehman Brothers, 278 Levi-Strauss, 75 Limited Brands, 277 Lincoln Electric, 274 Linco Tool and Die, 338–339 LinkedIn, 144, 161, 167 Lowe’s, 160 M MacKay Radio, 355 Macy’s, 300 Maddon, Joe (Tampa Rays), 247 Manpower, 142, 144, 145 March of Dimes, 113 Marcus, Bernie (Home Depot), 29 Marriott, 10, 58 Mary Kay Cosmetics, 13 MassMutual, 119 Mattel, 118 Maurer, Christopher (FirstMerit Bank), 283 Maytag, 21 McDonald’s restaurants, 4, 136, 137–138, 144 McDonnell-Douglas Corp., 67 Mercedes, Merck & Co., 11 Merck Pharmaceuticals, 12 Meritor Savings Bank, 74, 75 Merrill Lynch, 22, 277, 278 Microsoft adventure training for employee development, 194 appraisal system, 242 compensation surveys, 270 discrimination lawsuits, 58 Facebook presence, 144 importance of employees, 30 job fair participation, 143 Company Index predicting labor needs, 117–118 psychological characteristics of founder, 222 Mitsubishi, 74 Monster, 139, 144 Morgan Stanley, Motherwear, 170 Motorola, 90 Mulligan, Tim (San Diego Zoological Society), 231 Myresume.org, 147 MySpace, 183 N Nabisco, 250 Nardelli, Robert (Home Depot), 29 National Cash Register Company (NCR), 97 Nexus, 114 Nokia, 117, 250 Nordstrom, 32 O Occidental Petroleum, 277 Odgers Ray & Berndtson, 142 Oiler, Peter (Winn-Dixie Stores), 107–108 Oracle, 103, 278 Otis Elevator, 250 P Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation (PBGC), 298 PeopleSoft, 103 PepsiCo, 15 Perdue Farms, 170 Perot Systems, 58 Pfizer, 250 Philadelphia Phillies, 30 Pongoresume.com, 147 Pratt and Whitney, 250 Principal Financial Group, 138, 209, 212 Priority Staffing Solutions, 151–152 Pronovost, Peter (Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine), 205 R Radio Shack, 103 Remington, Ressler, Cali (Best Buy), 111 Right Management, 212 Robert Half International, 167 Royal Dutch/Shell, S San Diego Zoological Society, 231 Sartain, Libby (Yahoo!), 13 Schaub, Marian (FedEx), 81–82 Scott’s Miracle Gro, 334 Sears, 15 7-Eleven, 300 Siemens, Singer, Skyline Construction, 275 Smith, William (Boeing), 313 Society of Human Resource Management, 13 Southwest Airlines, 13, 117, 161 Sprint, 30, 300 Standard Oil, 332–333 Starbucks, 31, 192, 265 Steward, David (Catfish Bend Casino), 107 Strakosch, Greg (TechTarget), 52 Struck, Harry (IMC Mortgage), 85 Sullivan, Stacy (Google), 186 Sun Microsystems, 183, 186, 242 Synygy, Inc., 256 T Tampa Rays, 247 Target Corporation, 5, 29, 58 TechTarget, 52 3M, 221 Tindell, Kip (The Container Store), 133 Tovar, David (Wal-Mart), 364 Toyota, 4, 125, 170 Tuschman, Richard (Epstein Becker & Green), 262 TWA, 298 Tyco, 22 Tyson’s, 326 U Unilever, 4, 147 United Airlines, 298 United HealthCare, 295 UPS delivery drivers, 313 discrimination lawsuits, 58 employee training, 205–206 401(k) contributions, 300 internal promotions, 137 PDA use, 248 strike against, 341 360-degree appraisals, 250 US Airways, 298 U.S Postal Service, 313 V Verizon Wireless, 215 Vest, Valarie (Principal Financial Group), 209 VisualCV.com, 147 W Wachovia, 22 Wagoner, G Richard (GM), 196 Wainstein, Deborah (Priority Staffing Solutions), 151–152 Walgreens discrimination lawsuits, 58 Wal-Mart in China, 78 cost differential organizational strategy, 32 discrimination lawsuits, 58, 76–77 DOL recognition for reemploying veterans, 58 HR service centers, 29 and labor unions, 364 lawsuits of underpaid employees, 265 promotion from within, 215 revenue from foreign operations, strengths and weaknesses, 113 JWCL192_cidx_395-397.qxd 9/14/09 3:02 PM Page 397 www.downloadslide.com 397 Company Index Wards Cove Packing Company, 70 Webkinz, 32 Wegmans, 138 Wells Fargo, 22, 194 Whirlpool Corporation, 333, 386n7 Whitman, Meg (e-Bay), 222 Whole Foods Markets, 194 Willyerd, Karie (Sun Microsystems), 183 Winfrey, Oprah (Harpo Productions), 222 Winn-Dixie Stores, 107–108 WorldCom, 22 Y Yahoo!, 13 Yahoo! HotJobs, 139, 144 Young and Rubicam, 226 Z Zappos, 187, 309 JWCL192_sidx_398-410.qxd 9/14/09 4:08 PM Page 398 www.downloadslide.com Subject Index A AARP (American Association of Retired Persons), 209, 375n26 absolute standards appraisal methods, 237–241, 248–249, 254 accidents in the workplace, 316 See also OSHA; safe and healthy work sites accommodations See reasonable accommodations accountability systems for workforce diversity, 12 ACFTU (All-China Federation of Trade Unions), 361, 364 achieved performance outcome appraisals, 243–244 achieved status cultures, acquisitions, 21–22 ADA See Americans with Disabilities Act ADA Amendments Act (ADAAA—2008), 63 ADEA (Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967), 39, 61, 62, 348, 370n19 ADEA (Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1978), 61, 68, 73, 117, 370n18 administrative services, 40 advance warning prior to formal disciplinary action, 100 adventure training for employee development, 195 adverse (disparate) impact, 61, 79, 137, 370n17, 370n47 adverse (disparate) treatment, 61, 79, 370n47 See also discrimination advertisements for recruiting applicants, 137, 139–141, 150, 152 affirmative action programs, 59–60, 65, 71, 79, 140 AFL-CIO, 360, 365, 389n29 AFL-CIO Union Summer Program, 358 Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA—1967), 39, 61, 62, 348, 370n19 Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA—1978), 61, 68, 73, 117, 370n18 agency shops, 344 age-related BFOQ, 68 aging of the workforce, 11 AIDS and ADA, 63 airline industry, National Mediation Board for, 388n14 airport security screeners, 130, 269 air traffic controllers strike, 356, 357–358, 389n41 Albemarle Paper Company v Moody, 69–70 Aline v Nassau County, 63 All-China Federation of Trade Unions (ACFTU), 361, 364 allocation of resources, 30 American Association of Retired Persons (AARP), 209, 375n26 American Management Association, 93–94 American Society for Training and Development (ASTD), 45, 53, 193, 194 Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA—1990) 398 and applicants’ medical/physical examination results, 168 application of, 372n5 and drug testing applicants, 91 EEOC enforcement, 73 and job descriptions, 123 and labor unions, 348 overview, 39, 61, 62–63, 79 and performance management, 235 reasonable accommodations, 11, 12, 57, 63, 370n43 undue hardship, 63, 370n28 and veterans with disabling injuries, 57 Antonio, Wards Cove Packing Company v., 70 Apple iPhone, 248 applicant-centered criteria in job ads, 140–141 applicants assessment centers for testing, 160 background investigations of, 165–167, 177 and blind-box ads, 140 drug testing, 90–91, 104–105, 168 job selection decision of, 170 personal job searches, 147–149 pool of candidates, 134 preemployment testing, 160–161 unsolicited, 143 See also interviewing applicants; recruiting; selection process application form analysis, 159–160 application forms, 157, 159–160, 161, 177 appraisals factors that distort, 239–240, 244–247, 251, 255 of international performance, 253, 255 the meeting, 237, 251–252, 255 methods, 237–242 overview, 234 process, 231, 236–237, 244–247, 254 See also feedback appraisers bias and distortion in appraisals, 239–240, 244–247, 251, 255 focusing on the individual, 234–235 focusing on the process, 235 ineffective appraisals, 251 rating selectively, 251 training, 251 using multiple raters, 249–250, 382n37 apprenticeship as employee training method, 191 arbitration for labor-management disputes, 355–356 artistic vocational preference characteristic, 220–221 asbestos, 326 ascribed status cultures, 4–5 assessment centers for applicants, 160, 177 assistance programs as international compensation, 280 assistant-to positions for employee development, 193 ASTD (American Society for Training and Development), 45, 53, 193, 194 Astrue, Michael, 291 attendance problems, discipline for, 101 attribution theory on error in appraisals, 244, 246–247 audit compliance reviews by the OFCCP, 77–78 Australia arbitration in contract bargaining process, 361 HRM practices, 78, 80 individualist culture, 5, 253 minimum wage rates, 280 sexual harassment lawsuits, 74 vacation and holiday leave, 301 Austria, 301 authorization cards for union organizing campaigns, 350 B baby boomers (born 1946–1965), 11, 135, 291 background investigation of applicants, 165–167, 177 bait-and-switch recruitment, 164 Bakke v The Regents of the University of California at Davis Medical School, 71 balance-sheet approach to international compensation, 279–280, 281 bargaining in good faith, 347 Barlow’s, Inc., Marshall v., 316 BARS (behaviorally anchored rating scales), 240–241, 256 base pay for international compensation, 279–280 behavioral interviews, 104 behaviorally anchored rating scales (BARS), 240–241, 256 behavior-based measures of performance, 248 Belgium, 74, 361 benchmark positions, 131 benefits See employee benefits benefits administrator, 42 benefits offerings, contemporary, 288, 289 “Best Companies to Work For” (Fortune magazine), 3, 133, 138, 209, 309 BFOQ (bona fide occupational qualification) defense against discrimination charges, 68, 159, 370n43 bias and distortion in appraisals, 239–240, 244–247, 251, 255 BlackBerry, 8, 93, 248 blind-box ads, 139–140 blogs and blogging policy, 10 Blue Cross and Blue Shield of Michigan, Toussaint v., 96–97 bona fide occupational qualification (BFOQ) defense against discrimination charges, 68, 159, 370n43 bonuses See rewards “branding” strategy, employment, 35, 135, 136, 170 Brazil, 77, 175, 253, 357 breach of good faith defense to employmentat-will discharge, 97 JWCL192_sidx_398-410.qxd 9/14/09 4:08 PM Page 399 www.downloadslide.com Subject Index broad-banding (pay bands), 275–276 bronchiolitis obliterans, 317 Bureau of Labor Statistics (DOL) on career possibilities, 45, 219 on costs of employee benefits, 288–290 on paid sick leave, 302 on unfilled jobs in 2014, 14 wage data, 270 business necessity defense against discrimination charges, 68 C calm waters vs white-water rapids metaphor, 195–196 Canada, 5, 78, 334, 361, 364 Canadian Human Rights Act, 78 CareerBuilder.com, 7, 139, 144 career days on school campuses, 143, 176 career development career stages, 214, 216–219 employee development vs., 211, 224 enhancing your career, 223 and job analysis, 125 mentoring or coaching, 198, 206, 213, 215 overview, 36, 210–211, 224 Principal Financial Group’s equal career opportunities, 209 value for the individual, 212–213, 214, 224 value for the organization, 211–212, 224 See also careers and career choices; employee development career development program, value of, 210–213 career events, external and internal, 213, 214 CareerOneStop Web site (DOL), 142 careers and career choices career planning, 227–228 choices and preferences, 219–222 entrepreneurs, 222 external career, 213 Holland vocational preferences model, 220–221 HRM as, 45 matching your desires and skills, 219–222, 223, 224 Myers-Briggs Type Indicator, 221–222 overview, 209–210, 213, 224 Schein anchors, 221 career stages, 214–219, 224 carpal tunnel syndrome, 328 cars See rewards case-study analysis for employee development, 194–195 Casey-Kirschling, Kathleen, 291 CBS news program, 60 Minutes, 111 CDC (Center for Disease Control), 63, 335 CDHPs (consumer-driven health plans), 295 Center for Disease Control (CDC), 63, 335 central tendency error in appraisals, 244, 245–246 CEO’s role in orientation, 187–188, 203 change agents, 41, 111, 195, 197–198, 203 Change to Win unions, 358 chaplains in the workplace, 327 checklist appraisal, 238 checklists, 205 China collectivist culture, 253 expatriates’ healthcare in, 335 399 HRM practices, 78 performance metrics in, 254 unionization in, 361 Wal-Mart and unions in, 364 women in senior management, 175 Chinese Labor Contracts Law, 78 CIP (Community Internship Program), 205–206 City of Boca Raton, Faragher v., 74, 371n82 Civil Rights Act (1866), 39, 58 Civil Rights Act (1964), 39, 59–61, 79, 159 See also Title VII of the Civil Rights Act Civil Rights Act (1991) and Alaska salmon canneries labor practices, 70 EEOC enforcement, 73 and interviewing applicants, 159 jury trials for cases filed under, 369n7 maximum reward under federal act, 371n80 overview, 39, 61, 63–64 Civil Service Reform Act (1978), 349, 362 classification method of job evaluation, 268–269 Clinton, Bill, 389n41 closed union shops, 347, 388n8 CNN’s top 25 innovations list, 5–6 coaching employees, 198, 206, 213, 215 See also career development COBRA (Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1986), 39, 296–297 code of ethics, 23 collective bargaining, 273, 342–343, 351–356, 362–363, 389n29 collectivist cultures, 5, 253 colleges, recruiting from, 142–143 Columbia (country), committee assignment for employee development, 193 communication about pay structure, 273 anticipating conflicts, 18 defining inappropriate material, 8–9 and employee retention, 37–38 of expectations, 236 and globalization, technology’s effect on, communications programs, 37–38, 43–44 Communications Workers, 357 Community Internship Program (CIP), 205–206 comparable worth issue, 76–77 compensation See employee compensation compensation administration, 264–267, 281 compensation and benefits area of HR department, 40, 42 compensation surveys, 270 competency-based compensation, 275–276, 281 competency tests, U.S Supreme Court ruling on, 59 competitive intelligence, 114 comprehensive selection approach, 168–169 compressed work week schedules, 126 conciliation and mediation, 355 concurrent validity of selection activities, 172–173, 377n43 conditional job offers, 165, 179 Connecticut v Teal, 66, 70 consistent disciplinary actions, 100 Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act (COBRA—1986), 39, 296–297 constraints leading to stress, 328–329 constraints on recruiting efforts, 135–136, 149 construct validity of selection activities, 172 consultants, 17, 48, 145–146, 197–198 consumer-driven health plans (CDHPs), 295 Consumer Price Index (CPI), 272 Consumer Product Safety Act, 92 Content Model of O*NET, 121–122 content valid selection activities, 171 contingent workforce, 15–18, 24 continuous improvement programs, 18–20, 23–24 contract administration, labor, 353–354 contractual relationship between employee and employer, 96 contract workers, 15 control group method of pre–post-training performance evaluation, 201 controlling aspect of management, 30, 31 conventional vocational preference characteristic, 220–221 core competency, 113 core employees, 16, 17–18 core-plus options flexible benefits plans, 306 corporate ethicist, 49 See also ethical issues corporate greed, 49–50 corporate image, 135 corrective action, 237 corrective vs punitive discipline, 99 correlation coefficients, 173, 377n44 cost differential organizational strategy, 32–33 cost of living, 272, 280 cost-of-living raises, 274 counseling employees, 108–109, 333 See also career development; employee assistance programs co-worker feedback, 257 co-worker mentoring, 215 CPI (Consumer Price Index), 272 credit references, 165 criminal records, checking, 166 criterion-related validity of selection activities, 172 cross-cultural training and development, 201–202, 203 cultural environments, 4–5, 23, 201–202, 203, 253 See also organization culture Curriculum Vitae (CV) See résumés customer intimacy organizational strategy, 32–33 customer/market focus organizational strategy, 32–33 customers, 18 cut scores and labor supply, 172, 173–174, 377n45 CV (Curriculum Vitae) See résumés cyberloafing, 330 D Davis, Washington v., 59, 70 Davis-Bacon Act (1931), 39 decentralization of work sites, deferred compensation, 278 defined benefit retirement plans, 299 defined contribution retirement plans, 299 demand for workers, 219 demands leading to stress, 328–329 JWCL192_sidx_398-410.qxd 9/14/09 4:08 PM Page 400 www.downloadslide.com 400 Deming, W Edwards, 18, 40 Denmark, 301, 362 Department of Labor See U.S Department of Labor Dependent Care Flexible Spending Account, 305, 306 development vs training, 190 See also employee development; organization development diary method of job analysis, 120 Dictionary of Occupational Titles (DOL), 121 differentials for international compensation, 279–280 dilution effect of organization-wide incentives, 275 disability accommodations, 11, 12, 57, 63, 370n43 disability insurance programs, 300, 302–304, 308, 310, 386n56–57 disciplinary problems, 101 discipline disciplinary actions, 101–104 disciplinary process, 43 dismissal as, 103–104, 105, 107 guidelines, 99–101, 108–109 historic practices, 99 manager preparation for disciplining, 98–99 overview, 97, 105 disclaimer for employee handbook, 189 discrete vs comprehensive selection process, 168–169 discrimination adverse impact, 61, 79, 137, 370n17, 370n47 adverse treatment, 61, 79, 370n47 against bankruptcy filers, 87 English-only policy, 72 guarding against charges, 65–69, 79 pay secrecy policies for hiding, 261 in recruiting advertisements, 137 responding to charges, 67–69 reverse discrimination, 58–59, 71 and salary negotiation, 262 sex discrimination lawsuits, 107–108 terminations leading to discrimination lawsuits, 103, 371n57 See also equal employment opportunity; protected group members dishonesty, discipline for, 101 dismissal as a disciplinary action, 103–104, 105, 107 dismissals and labor supply predictions, 118 disparate (adverse) impact, 61, 79, 137, 370n17, 370n47 disparate (adverse) treatment, 61, 79, 370n47 See also discrimination distortion and bias in appraisals, 239–240, 244–247, 251, 255 diversity awareness, 12, 25–26, 72, 212 See also workforce diversity/composition documentation of performance appraisal process outcomes, 233 documents that establish identity, 166 DOL See U.S Department of Labor domestic partner benefits, 288, 290 DOT (U.S Department of Transportation), 87 downsizing, 15, 118, 119 See also layoffs Drake University, 242 Drucker, Peter, 6, 40 Subject Index Drug-Free Workplace Act (1988), 87–88, 90, 104 drug testing, 87–88, 90–91, 104–105, 168 dues check off, 344, 345 Duke Power Company, Griggs v., 59, 63, 69, 70, 79 Dukes v Wal-Mart, 76–77 E EAPs (employee assistance programs), 326, 327, 332–334, 337, 388n59 economic strikes, 354–355 educational accomplishments of applicants, 165 EEO See equal employment opportunity EEOA (Equal Employment Opportunity Act of 1972), 59, 61, 79, 233, 370n12 EEOC See Equal Employment Opportunity Commission EEOC, Sheetmetal Workers Local 24 v., 70 EFCA (Employee Free Choice Act), 364 Electronic Monitoring and Surveillance Survey (AMA), 94 electronic surveillance, ethics and, Ellerth lawsuit for sexual harassment, 75, 371n82 El Salvador, 280 e-mail, inappropriate material in, 8–9 emergency plans for traveling, 334 empathy as a cultural value, employee/employees attitudes of, 3, 19–20 benefits of hiring elderly workers, 145 conflict avoidance, controlling off-work behavior, counseling for, 108–109, 333 cyberloafing, 330 FLSA protections, 39, 265, 266 frustration from lack of opportunities, 212 independent contractors vs., 17 knowledge workers, 6, 7–8, 16 in learning organizations, 199 management respect for, 37 mentoring or coaching for, 198, 206, 213, 215 percent participating in employee benefits, 289 predicting attrition rate, 117–118 as recruiters, 133 risk of violence, 325–326, 337 skill level and demands, 13 substance abuse costs, 91 waiving right to review information, 86 waiving right to sue for wrongful termination, 104 work/life balance, 13–14, 25, 135, 212, 304 See also labor unions; performance standards; socialization employee and labor relations HRM skills area, 53 employee assistance programs (EAPs), 326, 327, 332–334, 337, 388n59 employee benefits compensation department separate from, 369n25 core workers vs contingent workers, 17–18 costs of providing, 288–290, 384n9 disability insurance programs, 300, 302–304, 303–304, 308 flexible benefits systems, 305–307, 308, 309–310 at Genentech, 309 informal groups as, 40 legally required benefits, 290–293, 302 on-site health clubs, 42 overview, 42, 288, 294, 307–308 paid time off, 300–304 pension plans, 297–298, 299, 385n38 providing new hires with information, 188 retirement benefits, 297–300, 307 sick leave, 300, 301, 302–303, 386n58 survivor benefits, 304 technology’s effect on, vacation and holiday leave, 300–302, 308 voluntary benefits, 293–297, 302 work/life balance and flexibility, 13–14, 25, 135, 212, 304 See also career development; motivation employee burnout, 331–332, 337 employee compensation benefits department separate from, 369n25 executive programs, 277–279 incentive plans, 273–275 and job analysis, 125 and job description, 123, 124 job evaluation and pay structure, 267–273, 281 and labor unions, 343 overview, 281 pay secrecy, 261 performance-based, 37, 231, 235, 273–276, 283, 284 salary negotiation and discrimination, 262 team-based compensation, 276–277 value of non-salary compensation, 289 well pay, 303 See also employee benefits; rewards employee complaints and OSHA, 316 employee development appraisal meeting as tool for, 252 career development vs., 211, 224 evaluating effectiveness, 199 methods, 192–194 as one aspect of training and development, 36 overseas assignment as part of, 202 overview, 191 and performance evaluation, 232–233 and 360-degree appraisals, 250 training vs., 190 See also employee training; training and development Employee Free Choice Act (EFCA), 364 employee handbook, 188–189, 203 employee involvement in appraisals, 250, 255 in cost-saving and productivity efforts, 358–359 decentralized work sites vs., in developing a safer workplace, 323, 336 overview, 20–21, 24 for placement in a foreign country, 49 responsibility for time management, 52 and upward flow of communication, 43–44 employee-involvement programs, 359 employee leasing, 145, 150 employee monitoring, 93–94, 105 employee performance compensation based on, 37, 231, 235, 273–276, 283, 284 goal setting and, 243–244 inappropriate substitutes for appraisals, 244, 246 See also performance management systems JWCL192_sidx_398-410.qxd 9/14/09 4:08 PM Page 401 www.downloadslide.com Subject Index Employee Polygraph Protection Act (1988), 88, 89, 90, 104, 372n5 employee referrals and recommendations, 133, 138–139, 149–150 employee relations (ER), 40, 42–44 See also communication; motivation employee relations area of HR department, 40, 42–44 employee relations representatives, 43 employee retention cash incentives, 130, 273–276, 283 contingent workers, 16–17, 24 with equal career opportunities for women, 209 as HRM maintenance function, 37–38 internal recruiting efforts, 137–138, 213, 214, 264 with on-site health club, 42 overview, 115 See also employee compensation; motivation; rewards; turnovers and turnover rates Employee Retirement Income and Security Act (ERISA—1974), 39, 297–298, 307 employee rights and discipline, 97–104 employment-at-will doctrine, 95–97, 105 legislation on, 86–90 monitoring and workplace security, 93–94, 105 review procedures for employee files, 86–87 and whistle blowing, 49, 92–93 workplace romance, 94–95 See also employee testing; privacy employee rights legislation, 388n59 employee selection See interviewing applicants; selection process employee services, 304 employee testing drug testing, 87–88, 90–91, 104–105, 168 honesty tests, 92, 105, 108 polygraph tests, 88, 89, 90, 104, 372n5 preemployment testing, 160–161, 171–175 reliability and validity of tests, 171–175, 376n40 employee training for appraisers, 251 costs of, 194 determining needs, 191 development vs., 190 and EEO, 190 evaluating effectiveness, 199–201 methods, 191, 192 as one aspect of training and development, 36 overview, 203 See also employee development; training and development employer assistance program, U.S Department of Veterans Affairs, 57 employer-oriented health coverage, 296 employers avoiding hiring mistakes, 169 bankruptcy of, 88 dues check off for union convenience, 344, 345–346 employer-funded health insurance, 296, 385n32 and health care coverage costs, 296 401 legally required employee benefits, 290–293, 302 OSHA assistance, 320, 323–325, 336 policy on online searches for learning about job applicants, 161 responsibility for employee abuses, 93, 94 unemployment compensation taxes, 292, 307, 384n14 voluntary employee benefits, 293–297, 302 See also health insurance; labor-management relations employment agencies, 140, 142–143 employment area of HR department, 40–41 See also job analysis; selection process employment-at-will doctrine, 95–97, 105 employment “branding” strategy, 35, 135, 136, 170 employment planning, 34–35 See also human resource planning employment statistics, internal, 44 encounter socialization stage, 186 English-only policy, 72 enterprising vocational preference characteristic, 220–221 entrepreneurial enterprises, 48, 51, 57 entrepreneurs, 222 ePolicy Institute, 94 equal employment opportunity (EEO) affirmative action plans, 60–61, 65, 71, 79, 140 comparable worth vs equal pay, 76–77 and correlation coefficients, 173, 377n44 and employee training, 190 enforcement of, 72–74 federal legislation on, 58–59, 61–65 guarding against discrimination practices, 65–69 and job advertisements, 137 and labor unions, 348 overview, 79–80 and performance management, 233, 235 responding to charges, 67–69 for veterans, 57–58 for women, 209, 215 See also protected group members; sexual harassment; Title VII of the Civil Rights Act Equal Employment Opportunity Act (EEOA—1972), 59, 61, 79, 233, 370n12 Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) and applicants’ information on social networking sites, 161 and complaints from teenagers, 76 creation of, 59 discrimination lawsuits against, 58 English-only policy settlement, 72 4/5ths rule, 66, 67, 370n38 and interview questions, 158 lawsuit against Abercrombie & Fitch, 81 on promotion-from-within, 138 referral of claims to state agencies, 371n61 role of, 72–73 sexual harassment guidelines, 74 and terminations leading to discrimination lawsuits, 103, 371n57 Uniform Guidelines on Employee Selection Procedures, 66, 69–70 Equal Pay Act (1963), 39, 73, 75–78, 267 ER (employee relations), 40, 42–44 See also communication; motivation ergonomics, 328 ERISA (Employee Retirement Income and Security Act of 1974), 39, 297–298, 307 ESL programs, ethical issues AIG bonuses after bailout, 22 competitive intelligence gathering, 114 discrimination against obese and smokers, 334 employee monitoring, 94 executive compensation, 278 invasion of privacy, mentoring programs for women and minorities, 215 in OD interventions, 197 of performance appraisals, 233 salary negotiation and discrimination, 262 sick leave, 302 stress interviews, 163 striker replacement dilemma, 356 withholding information, 45 ethics guidelines, 26 HRM’s role, 49–50 importance of, 24 overview, 22–23 and Sarbanes-Oxley Act, 49 technology’s effect on, European Community and labor relations systems, 362 executive compensation programs, 277–279, 281 Executive Order 10988, 349, 362 Executive Order 11246, 60, 61, 65, 73–74 Executive Order 11375, 61, 65 Executive Order 11478, 61, 65 Executive Order 11491, 349, 362 executive recruiters, 142 executive-search firms, 139, 142 exempt employees, 265 expatriates company responsibility for, 49 compensation plans, 279–281 cross-cultural training and development, 201–202, 203 health issues, 335 ideal candidates, 175 international performance appraisals, 253, 255 and labor-relations process, 361 local laws on number allowed, 147 repatriation process, 202 safety issues, 336 See also globalization experience requirements per O*NET, 122 external and internal career events, 213, 214 external career, 213 external influences on HRM, 38–40, 50 external influences on wage structure, 272–273 external recruiting searches, 139–143 extrinsic vs intrinsic rewards, 262–263 F FAA (Federal Aviation Administration), 62 fact-finding impasse-resolution technique, 355 JWCL192_sidx_398-410.qxd 9/14/09 4:08 PM Page 402 www.downloadslide.com 402 Fair Credit Reporting Act (1971), 87, 90 Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA—1938), 39, 265, 266 Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA—1993) applicability of, 48 DOL on fifty-employee threshold, 370n30 as employee benefit, 293 and labor unions, 348 overview, 39, 61, 63–64, 79 family-friendly employee benefits, 304 Faragher v City of Boca Raton, 74, 371n82 FBI (Federal Bureau of Investigation), 88 Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), 62 federal contracts, 61, 65, 73–74, 77–78, 265, 369n10 Federal Labor Relations Authority (FLRA), 261, 349, 389n24 Federal Labor Relations Council (FLRC), 349 federal legislation on compensation, 265–267 effect on HRM, 38, 39 employee rights, 86–90 and employment-at-will doctrine, 96 equal employment opportunity, 58–65 on government labor relations, 389n18 as influence on recruiting process, 136 overview, 58 See also specific acts Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service (FMCS), 347 Federal Unemployment Tax (FUTA), 292, 307, 384n14 feedback in appraisal meeting, 252 as communications program tool, 44 from co-workers, 257 in MBO program, 243 as part of performance management system, 249 for 360-degree appraisals, 250 See also appraisals; performance management systems FICA taxes, 384n12, 384n14 See also Medicare taxes; Social Security taxes financial practicality of HRM, 46 financial vs nonfinancial rewards, 263 Firefighters Local 1784 v Stotts, 70, 71 firing as a disciplinary action, 103–104, 105, 107 first-aid kit for traveling, 335 flexible benefits systems, 305–307, 308, 309–310 flexible spending accounts, 305–306 flexible work schedules, 126–127, 128, 135 FLRA (Federal Labor Relations Authority), 261, 349, 389n24 FLRC (Federal Labor Relations Council), 349 FLSA (Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938), 39, 265, 266 FMCS (Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service), 347 FMLA See Family and Medical Leave Act Follet, Mary Parker, 40 forced-choice appraisals, 239–240, 242 Forklift Systems, Inc., Harris v., 75 Forrester Research, 10 Fortune 500 companies’ sexual orientation policies, 58 Subject Index Fortune magazine’s “Best Companies to Work For,” 3, 133, 138, 209, 309 Fortune management, 138 4/5ths rule of EEOC, 66, 67, 370n38 401(k)s, 300 Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution (1868), 58 France, 253, 280, 361, 362 freezing and unfreezing the status quo, 195–196 Friedman, Thomas (The World Is Flat), 5–6 FUTA (Federal Unemployment Tax), 292, 307, 384n14 G GATB (General Aptitude Test Battery, DOL), 175 Gateway Coal v United Mine Workers, 386n7 gender-related BFOQ, 68 General Aptitude Test Battery (GATB—DOL), 175 General Duty Clause of OSHA, 314 generalists See human resource generalists Gen Xers (born 1961–1981), 13, 135 Gen Yers (born 1982–early 2000), 13, 135, 248 geographical comparisons of minorities to nonminorities in a company, 67 geographic differences and wage structure, 272 Germany HRM practices, 78–79, 80 John Deere tractors made in, labor negotiations, 361, 362 management’s base pay, 279 minimum wage in, 280 paid time off, 301 women in the work force, 12 glass ceiling, 77, 80, 215 Glass Ceiling Act (1991), 63 Glass Ceiling Commission, 77 globalization and competitive intelligence, 114 cross-cultural training and development, 201–202, 203 eras over last 500 years, and HRM, 48–49, 78–79, 80 international compensation plans, 279–281 international performance appraisals, 253, 255 and labor contracts, 357 offshoring, 21 and organizational strategies, 31 overview, 4–5 and preemployment testing, 160–161 and recruiting, 146–147 and safety/health issues, 334–336 safety issues, 335 and selection process, 175 transnational corporations, 4, 367n7 See also expatriates; multinational corporations goal setting for career development program, 210 and management, 30 in MBO programs, 243 pay-for-performance objectives, 284 SWOT analysis, 113, 114, 373n14 for team performance, 250 training goals, 192 for validity of performance appraisals, 232 golden parachute, 279 Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co., Ledbetter v., 261 government contractors, 61, 65, 73–74, 77–78, 265, 369n10 government influence on recruiting process, 136 government-labor relations air traffic controllers strike, 356, 357–358, 389n41 country-based perspectives, 361 and Executive Order 10988, 349 legislation on, 389n18 no strike clauses, 389n19 overview, 359 government monitoring of collective bargaining, 352 graphic rating scale appraisal, 238–239 graying of the workforce, 11 Great Britain, Green, McDonnell-Douglas Corp v., 67 Gregory, David, 358 grievance procedures, 38, 42–43, 354, 363 Griggs v Duke Power Company, 59, 63, 69, 70, 79 group incentives, 274 group interview method of job analysis, 120 group order ranking appraisal, 241 group term life insurance, 304 H Hackman, J Richard, 125–126 halo error in appraisals, 244, 245 harassment issues and complaints, 74–75, 77, 79, 82–83 Harris v Forklift Systems, Inc., 75 Harvard Graduate School of Business, 194–195 Hawthorne studies, 40, 369n21 hazard prevention and control, 324–325 HCI (Watson Wyatt’s Human Capital Index), 46 HCNs (host-country nationals), 147, 253, 279 headhunters, 142 Health Care Amendments to Wagner Act (1974), 389n16 Health Care Flexible Spending Account, 305–306 healthcare industry, 347–348, 360 See also health insurance health hazards, 316 See also OSHA; safe and healthy work sites health insurance employer-funded, 296, 385n32 and FMLA leaves, 64 and Michelle’s Law, 287 and obesity or smoking, 334 options, 295–297 overview, 293–295 percentage of employers offering, 293 Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA—1996), 297, 388n59 Health Maintenance Organization Act (1976), 39 Health Maintenance Organizations (HMOs), 295 Herzberg, Frederick, 125 HIPAA (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996), 297, 388n59 hiring, 33–35, 40–41, 50, 146 See also job analysis process; selection process hiring bonus, 278 hiring halls as quasi-closed shop arrangement, 388n8 Hispanic workers and OSHA, 317 JWCL192_sidx_398-410.qxd 9/14/09 4:08 PM Page 403 www.downloadslide.com Subject Index HIV and ADA, 63 HMOs (Health Maintenance Organizations), 295 Hoger, Rev Louis “Lou,” 327 holiday and vacation leave, 300–302, 308 Holland Occupational Themes, 220 Holland vocational preferences model, 220–221 home-country nationals, 147 honesty tests, 92, 105, 108 Hong Kong, 175, 334, 357 Honolulu Police Department, 151 host-country nationals (HCNs), 147, 253, 279 hostile environment harassment, 74–75, 77 hot-stove rule, 100, 101, 105 HRCI (Human Resource Certification Institute), 45, 53 HRIM (Human Resource Management Information Systems), HRIS (human resource information systems software), 115–116, 128 HRM See human resource management HRO (human resource outsourcing) organizations, 47 Human Capital Index (HCI), 46 human resource certification, 45, 53 Human Resource Certification Institute (HRCI), 44, 53 human resource department structure compensation and benefits, 42 employee relations, 42–44 employment area, 40–41 overview, 40, 51 training and development area, 41–42 trends and opportunities, 47–48 human resource development HRM skills area, 53 human resource generalists ad for, 140 assignment to business units or divisions, 29, 48 balancing specialist and generalist competencies, 223 overview, 45, 51 salary level, 41 in small businesses, 48 human resource information systems software (HRIS), 115–116, 128 human resource inventory, 115–116 human resource management (HRM) anticipating discrimination charges, 66–67 balancing specialist and generalist competencies, 223 as career choice, 45 coaching employees, 198, 206 external influences, 38–40, 50 negotiation skills, 365 and organizational strategy, 32–33 overview, 23–24, 46, 50–51 personnel department vs., 31–32 responsibility to new hires, 188–189 salaries, 41 value added, 46 See also layoffs human resource management (HRM) functions assessing current HR, 115–116 career development program, 210–213 collective bargaining, 273, 342–343, 351–356, 362–363, 389n29 403 developing a safety and health program, 337 firing employees, 103–104, 105, 107 harassment-related, 82–83 maintenance, 33–34, 37–38, 50 in multinational corporations, 48–49, 51 overview, 33–35 staffing, 33–35, 40–41, 50, 146 See also job analysis process; motivation; selection process; training and development Human Resource Management Information Systems (HRIM), human resource management practices and employee involvement, 20–21 and implied employment contracts, 97, 189 and mergers or acquisitions, 22 technology’s effect on, 6–9, 23, 37 and workforce diversity, 12–13 human resource planning and job analysis, 125, 127 and labor supply and demand, 117–119 organizational framework, 112–114 and organizational strategy, 115–117 overview, 112, 127–128 See also job analysis; motivation; organizational strategies human resource specialists balancing specialist and generalist competencies, 223 BARS for, 240 benefits, 310 employee relations, 43 employment, 41 employment planning, 34 labor union relations, 354 organizational development, 41–42 overview, 45 recruiting, 35 in shared service centers, 48 I identity, establishing, 166 Immigration Reform and Control Act (1986), 39 imminent danger, 314, 316 impasse-resolution techniques for labormanagement disputes, 355–356, 363 impersonal application of disciplinary actions, 100 implied employment contract, 96–97, 189 import tariffs and performance evaluations, 253 impression management, 163 IMPROSHARE (Improving Productivity through Sharing), 274–275 inappropriate substitutes for performance error in appraisals, 244, 246 incentive compensation plans, 273–275 incentives for international compensation, 280 incidence rate of injuries, 317, 386n10 independent contractors See consultants India, 5, 21, 280, 301 individual incentive compensation plans, 273–274 individual interview method of job analysis, 120 individualist cultures, 5, 253 individual ranking appraisal, 241 individual retirement accounts (IRAs), 299–300 individual vs organizational career development, 211 indoor air quality, 326–327 industry safety standards, 314, 324 inflationary pressures error in appraisals, 244, 246 information sources, 44 information technologists in the labor market, initial screening of applicants, 156–157 inspection priorities of OSHA, 314, 316 integrative perspective of employee benefits, 305–307, 308 integrity tests, 92, 105, 108 interest arbitration impasse-resolution technique, 355–356 intergroup development, 198 internal and external career events, 213, 214 internal change agents, 41, 111, 195, 197–198, 203 See also training and development internal organizational policies and recruiting, 136 internal recruiting efforts, 137–138, 213, 214, 264 internal resources, 113, 117–118 Internal Revenue Code (IRC), 305 Internal Revenue Service (IRS) auditing employee access to taxpayers’ accounts, on employee vs independent contractor, 17 I-9 form for new hires, 166 on medical coverage after divorce, 385n35 regulations on executive salaries, 278, 384n54 international compensation plans, 279–281 international diversity, 14 international issues See globalization International Longshore and Warehouse Union labor dispute, 347 international performance appraisals, 253, 255 international unions, 360, 361, 389n29 Internet online recruiting, 143–144, 150, 161 virtual job fairs, 143 Web-based appraisal system, 231 See also Web sites internship as employee training method, 191, 205–206, 223 interpersonal demands leading to stress, 330 interviewing applicants acceptable and unacceptable questions, 158 effectiveness of interviewer, 162, 180 initial screening, 156–157 interview issues, 162–164 overview, 161–162, 177 and realistic job previews, 164–165, 177, 186 stress interviews, 163 unbelievable applicant responses, 155 See also résumés; selection process interview methods of job analysis, 120 intrinsic vs extrinsic rewards, 262–263 invasion of privacy issues, investigative vocational preference characteristic, 220–221 i-Phone, 8, 93, 248 IRAs (individual retirement accounts), 299–300 IRC (Internal Revenue Code), 305 Ireland, 74 IRS See Internal Revenue Service Israel, 342 Italy, 253, 302, 342 JWCL192_sidx_398-410.qxd 9/14/09 4:08 PM Page 404 www.downloadslide.com 404 J Jackson Board of Education, Wyant v., 70, 71 Japan collectivist culture, 5, 253 and Deming’s method for improving quality, 18 and employee health and welfare, 334 executive compensation, 278 karoshi, 329 minimum wage rates, 280 sexual harassment lawsuits, 74 unionization in, 361, 362 vacation and holiday leave, 301 women in managerial positions, 77, 175 Japanese Confederation of Shipbuilding and Engineering Workers’ Union, 361 job analysis nature of, 124–125, 128 organizational framework and, 113–114 overview, 120, 128, 131 purpose of, 123–124 structured techniques, 121–123 job analysis process compensation determination, 42 importance of, 35 and job advertisements, 140 methods, 120–123, 128 and motivation, 37 overview, 124–125 technology considerations, 37 job attractiveness and recruiting, 136 job choice studies, 170 job descriptions, 123, 124, 128 job design, 125, 127 job elements per PAQ, 123 job enrichment, 125–126, 128, 262 job evaluation and pay structure, 267–273, 281 job fairs, 143, 176 job offers, 165, 168, 179 job rotation, 191, 193 job searches, personal, 147–149 job security and labor unions, 343 job sharing, 126 job specifications, 123, 128 Johnson v Santa Clara County Transportation Agency, 70, 71 Juran, Joseph, 18 J Weingarten, Inc., NLRB v., 101 K kaizen, 18 karoshi, 329 Kennedy, John F., 349 Kirkpatrick’s Model, 200 knowledge, skills, and abilities (KSAs), 33 knowledge management, 199, 203 knowledge workers, 6, 7–8, 16 KSAs (knowledge, skills, and abilities), 33 L Labor and Management Reporting and Disclosure Act (1959), 348–349 labor contract administration, 353–354 labor demand, determining, 117 See also labor supply and demand labor legislation, 346–349 labor-management relations bargaining in good faith, 347 Subject Index collective bargaining, 273, 342, 350–356, 362–363, 389n29 cooperation, 358–359 in European Community, 361 international practices, 360–362 and job analysis, 125 overview, 362–363 union drive rules, 351 See also government-labor relations; labor unions; strikes labor supply contingent workforce, 15–18, 24 current demand for workers, 219 cut scores and, 172, 173–174, 377n45 predicting, 117–118 rightsizing, 15 skilled labor shortage, 14, 23 labor supply and demand and executive salaries, 278 geographic shift, matching flow of, 118–119 and wage structure, 272 labor unions AFL-CIO, 358, 360, 389n29 in Australia, 78 closed shops, 347, 388n8 control of labor supply, 143 current critical issues, 356–360 employee relations vs labor relations, 42–43 and equal employment opportunity, 348 Gateway Coal v United Mine Workers, 386n7 grievance procedures, 38, 42–43, 354, 363 and layoff decisions, 119 means of unionizing, 389n26 membership trends, 342–346, 356–357, 360 in Mexico, 78 organizing campaign, 349–351, 362 overview, 38, 50, 342–343 protection from employment-at-will doctrine, 96 public-sector unionization, 359 reasons employees join, 343–346 representation in disciplinary meetings, 101 security arrangements, 343–346, 363 Service Employees International Union, 360, 389n29 unfair labor practices, 346–347, 358–359 unionizing employees, 349–351 and unsafe working conditions, 316 See also government-labor relations; labormanagement relations; strikes Landrum-Griffin Act (1959), 39, 348–349 Latina Style magazine, 209 Lawler, Ed, 261 laws and regulation See federal legislation; state legislation lawsuits for reverse discrimination, 58–59 for sex discrimination, 107–108 for terminations, 103, 371n57, 386n7 layoffs disciplinary, 102–103 and labor supply predictions, 118 making the decision, 52–53, 119 methods, 16 from offshoring, 21 overview, 118 resulting from shared services structure, 29, 48 and seniority systems, 68–69 during shortages, 15 leading aspect of management, 30, 31 learning organizations, 199, 203, 379n57 leased employees, 145, 150, 375n28 lectures and seminars, 191, 193 Ledbetter v Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co., 261 legal issues, technology-related, 8–9 legal status to work in the U.S., 165, 166 legislation See federal legislation; state legislation leniency error in appraisals, 244–245 Lewin, Kurt, 195 Lewin’s change process, 195–196 lie-detector tests, 88, 89, 90, 104, 372n5 Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act (2009), 212 lockouts vs strikes, 354–355 long-term disability plans, 303–304, 310 low appraiser motivation error in appraisals, 244, 245 M MacKay Radio, NLRB v., 356 maintenance function of HRM, 33–34, 37–38, 50 maintenance of union membership, 344, 345 Malaysia, 175 management and CIP program at UPS, 205–206 as coach, 198 commitment to communications program, 43 commitment to safety, 323 coping with harassment training, 82–83 corrective action by, 99, 237 counseling employees, 108–109, 333 as employees’ information source, 44 and exempt employees, 265 favoritism, 100 human resource responsibilities of, 33–34, 115 identifying troubled employees, 326 IRS regulations on executive salaries, 278, 384n54 overview, 30, 31 and participative goal setting, 243 perquisites for, 42, 279, 369n28 preparation for disciplining employees, 98–99 respect for workers, 37 training from OSHA, 320, 323, 325 unfair labor practices, 346–347, 358–359 U.S vs Chinese focus, 254 See also appraisals; labor-management relations; performance management systems management by objectives (MBO), 243–244, 254, 381n24 management consulting firms, 142 management thought, 39–40 mandatory issues in collective bargaining, 352 Mandatory Retirement Act (1978), 39 market-driven units, 48, 369n48 market focus/customer organizational strategy, 32–33 Marketplace Chaplains, 327 Marshall, Whirlpool Corporation v., 386n7 Marshall v Barlow’s, Inc., 316 JWCL192_sidx_398-410.qxd 9/14/09 4:08 PM Page 405 www.downloadslide.com Subject Index Maslow, Abraham, 263 materialism as a cultural value, material safety data sheets (MSDS), 321–322, 324, 325 Mayo, Elton, 40 MBO (management by objectives), 243–244, 254, 381n24 MBTI® (Myers-Briggs Type Indicator), 221–222 McDonnell-Douglas Corp v Green, 67 McDonnell-Douglas test, 67 MD (representation decertification) initiated by management, 350–351 medical examination of prospective employees, 167–168 Medicare taxes, 290–291, 384n14 membership-based vs performance-based rewards, 263–264 memory retention in interviews, 163 mentoring/coaching employees, 198, 206, 213, 215 See also career development mentoring co-workers, 215 mergers, 22 Meritor Savings Bank v Vinson, 74, 75 merit pay, 273, 274 metamorphosis socialization stage, 186 Mexican Federal Labor Law, 78 Mexico, 74, 78, 80, 253, 357, 361 Michelle’s Law (2008), 287 Middle Eastern countries, 175 minimum wage rates, 265–267, 280 mission statement, 112–113 MNCs See multinational corporations modular plan of flexible benefits, 306 money purchase pension plan, 299 Monster, 144 Monster.com, 139, 144 Moody, Albemarle Paper Company v., 69–70 Morse, AnnMarie, 287 Morse, Michelle, 287 motivation as CEO’s role in orientation, 187–188 for contingent workers, 16 and cost control, 275 employee incentives as, 133, 138–139, 273–275 flexible work schedules, 126–127 as HRM function, 33–34, 36–37, 50 job enrichment model, 125–126, 128 overview, 37 promote-from-within policy, 137–138 ROWE program at Best Buy, 111–112, 126–127 technology’s effect on, 7–8 and timely appraisals, 231, 232 See also employee benefits; employee compensation; rewards motivation theories, 263 MSDS (material safety data sheets), 321–322, 324, 325 MSDs (musculoskeletal disorders), 328 multilingual temporary workers, 151–152 multimedia learning, 191 multinational corporations (MNCs) assistance programs for expatriates, 280 complexity of HRM functions, 48–49, 51 emergence of, and labor relations, 361–362 overview, 4, 367n7 See also expatriates; globalization 405 multiple appraisers, 249–250, 382n37 Munsterberg, Hugo, 40 musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs), 328 Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI®), 221–222 N NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement), 21 Nassau County, Aline v., 63 National Association of Female Executives, 209 National Conference of State Legislatures (NCSL), 287 National Emphasis Program (NEP), 317 National Football League, 356 National Hockey League lockout, 341, 351 National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), 324 National Labor Relations Act (NLRA—1965), 261, 358 National Labor Relations Board (NLRB), 101, 346, 350, 358–359, 389n26 National Mediation Board for railroad and airline industries, 388n14 national origin-related BFOQ, 68 National Right to Work Committee, 344 NCSL (National Conference of State Legislatures), 287 negative leniency errors, 244–245 negligent hiring, 167 negotiation skills, 365 NEP (National Emphasis Program), 317 The Netherlands, 5, 74 networking, 149 networking Web sites, 144, 161, 167 network plans, 295, 385n29 new-employee orientation, 186–189 New York Times, 139 New Zealand, 5, 74 NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health), 324 Nixon, Richard, 349 NLRA (National Labor Relations Act of 1965), 261, 358 NLRB (National Labor Relations Board), 101, 346, 350, 358–359, 389n26 NLRB v J Weingarten, Inc., 101 NLRB v MacKay Radio, 356 no-fraternization policies, 95 nonexempt employees, 265 nonfinancial vs financial rewards, 263 North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), 21 no-strike clauses, 389n19 Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 87 O OASDI (Old Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance), 384n12, 384n14 obesity, 63, 334 observation method of job analysis, 120 Occupational Information Network (O*NET, DOL), 121–122 occupational requirements per O*NET, 122 Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSH Act—1970), 39, 92, 314 See also OSHA Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission, 316 occupation-specific information per O*NET, 122 OD See organization development Office of Federal Contract Compliance Program (OFCCP), 65, 73–74, 77–78 Office of Personnel Management (OPM) of the U.S., 268–269 offshoring, 21 off-the-job activities, discipline for, 101, 107–108 off-the-job training, 191, 210 Old Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance (OASDI), 384n12, 384n14 Older Workers Benefit Protection Act (1990), 62 Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act (1990), 317 Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act (1993), 384n14 onboarding See socialization O*NET (Occupational Information Network—DOL), 121–122 online recruiting, 143–144, 150, 161 on-site health clubs, 42 on-the-job behavior problems, discipline for, 101 on-the-job training methods, 191 open shops, 344 OPM (Office of Personnel Management) of the U.S., 268–269 opportunity analysis, 113 ordering method of job evaluation, 268 organizational goodwill, 212 organizational image and recruiting, 134, 135 organizational leadership that promotes stress, 330 organizational ombuds, 49 See also ethical issues organizational policies and recruiting, 136 organizational stability, 185, 195–196 organizational strategies and compensation system, 42 and globalization, 31 and human resource planning, 115–119 importance of HRM, 30–33 and performance standards, 236 pyramid-style, 29 and staffing, 34–35 and strategic HR, 32–33 organization culture checklists, 205 and effects of change, 195 freezing and unfreezing the status quo, 195–196 informing applicants of, 186 in learning organizations, 199, 203, 379n57 overview, 187 safety as part of, 325 See also socialization organization development (OD) effect of change, 195–196 interventions, 197 learning organization concept, 199, 203, 379n57 methods, 197–198 overview, 36, 195, 203 organization structures that promote stress, 330 organization-wide incentives, 274, 275 organizing aspect of management, 30, 31 organizing campaign of labor unions, 349–351, 362 orientation, 16–17, 187–188, 203 See also socialization OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration) JWCL192_sidx_398-410.qxd 9/14/09 4:08 PM Page 406 www.downloadslide.com 406 areas of emphasis, 320 creation of, 314 education and training, 320 employer assistance, 320, 323–325, 336 incidence rate of injuries, 317, 386n10 inspection priorities, 314, 316 legally-required posters, 315 material safety data sheets, 321–322, 324, 325 overview, 336 penalty for willful violation, 386n12 punitive actions, 317, 336 record-keeping requirements, 316–317, 318, 319, 320, 336 saving lives, 338 top ten violations, 324, 337 See also safe and healthy work sites OSH Act (Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970), 39, 92, 314 OSH Form 300, 317, 318, 319 outside activities, discipline for, 101, 107–108 outsider-in passage, 184 See also socialization outsourcing, 15, 47, 357, 389n40 P Pacific Maritime Association labor dispute, 347 Pacific Rim, 357, 362 paid time off, 300–304 Paid Time Off (PTO), 300, 303 paired comparison appraisal, 241–242 Pakistan, PAQ (Position Analysis Questionnaire, DOL), 122–123 Paradise, United States v., 70 parent-country nationals (PNCs), 253, 279 participative goal setting, 243 part-time employees, 15 pay See employee compensation pay bands (broad-banding), 275–276 pay-for-performance compensation plans, 37, 231, 235, 275–276, 283, 284 payroll taxes, 290–291, 305–306, 307, 384n12, 384n14 pay secrecy policies, 261 pay structure establishment, 270–273 peer evaluations, 249–250 Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation (PBGC), 298 pension plans, 297–298, 299, 385n38 PEOs (professional employee organizations), 145 PEOs (professional employer organizations), 47, 48 performance See employee performance performance-based training evaluation measures, 200–201 performance-based vs membership-based rewards, 263–264 performance evaluation systems and motivation, 37 performance management systems appraisal facts, 234 appraisal meetings, 237, 251–252, 255 appraisal methods, 237–242 appraisal process, 231, 236–237, 244–247 co-worker feedback, 257 difficulties inherent in, 232, 234–235, 244–247, 250 Subject Index enhancing effectiveness of, 247–251, 257–258 and equal employment opportunity, 235 evaluations with achieved outcomes, 243–244 international performance appraisals, 253, 255 overview, 33, 125, 232, 254–255 punitive systems, 256 purposes of, 232–234 See also appraisals; feedback; performance standards performance measures, 236 performance simulation preemployment tests, 160, 177 performance standards absolute standards, 237–241, 248–249, 254 comparing actual performance and standards, 237 measuring actual performance, 236 motivation and, 37 relative standards appraisal methods, 241–242, 248–249, 254 perquisites “perks,” 42, 279, 369n28 personal interview skills, 175–176 personal job searches, 147–149 personal value clusters (Schein anchors), 221 personnel department vs HRM, 31–32, 368n4 personnel file review procedures for employees, 86–87 Peru, 253 Peters, Tom, 40 Philippines, 5, 77, 175 phone screening interview, 156–157 PHR (Professional in Human Resources), 53 physical examination of prospective employees, 167–168 planning career planning, 227–228 employment planning, 34–35 overview, 30, 31 succession planning, 116 workplace planning and employment HR area, 53 See also human resource planning; strategic planning process Plant Closing Bill (1989), 39, 88–89, 90 PNCs (parent-country nationals), 253, 279 point method of job evaluation, 269–270, 276 Point of Service Plans (POS), 295, 385n29 Polygraph Protection Act (1988), 88, 89, 90, 104, 372n5 Portugal, 302 POS (Point of Service Plans), 295, 385n29 Position Analysis Questionnaire (PAQ—DOL), 122–123 position control specialists, 40–41 positive leniency errors, 244–245 posters Family and Medical Leave Act, 64 FLSA, 266 OSHA, 315 Polygraph Protection Act, 89 USERRA, 65 poverty level in the U.S., 267 PPOs (Preferred Provider Organizations), 295, 385n29 prearrival socialization stage, 185–186 predictive validity of selection activities, 172–173 predictors in selection process, 171–175 preemployment testing, 160–161 Preferred Provider Organizations (PPOs), 295, 385n29 Pregnancy Discrimination Act (1978), 61, 62, 386n57 pre–post-training performance evaluation, 201 prima facie case, 370n40 privacy and disciplinary actions, 97–104 and EAPs, 326, 327, 332–334, 337, 388n59 employee monitoring, 93–94, 105 invasion of privacy ethical issues, overview, 104–105 of phone conversations at work, 85 See also employee testing Privacy Act (1974), 39, 86–87, 90, 104 private employment agencies, 142, 150 proactive personality of entrepreneurs, 222, 223 process consultation OD technique, 197–198 product differential organizational strategy, 32–33 productivity and benefits, 288 continuous improvement programs, 18–20, 23–24 incentive compensation plans, 273–275 and respect for employees, 309 and scientific management, 40 from socialization, 186 and technology, 7–8 and vacations, 301–302 professional employee organizations (PEOs), 145 professional employer organizations (PEOs), 47, 48 Professional in Human Resources (PHR), 53 professional organizations, recruiting from, 143 professionals in the labor market, profit-sharing plans, 274–275, 297–298, 299, 385n45 progressive discipline, 99, 101–104 promotions, 137–138, 213, 214, 264 proofreading your résumé, 149 protected group members and ADEA of 1967, 39, 61, 62, 348, 370n19 and ADEA of 1978, 61, 68, 73, 117, 370n18 adverse impact or treatment, 61, 79, 137, 370n17, 370n47 affirmative action programs, 60–61, 65, 71, 79, 140 McDonnell-Douglas test, 67 overview, 79 and seniority-based employment decisions, 68–69 See also Americans with Disabilities Act; equal employment opportunity PTO (Paid Time Off), 300, 303 public employment agencies, 142, 150 public policy violation defense to employmentat-will discharge, 96 public-sector unionization See governmentlabor relations punitive actions of OSHA, 317, 335 punitive vs corrective discipline, 99 JWCL192_sidx_398-410.qxd 9/14/09 4:08 PM Page 407 www.downloadslide.com Subject Index Q qualified privilege in reference checking, 167 quality management, 18–20, 23–24 See also appraisals quid pro quo harassment, 74–75, 77 R Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act (RICO—1970), 349 radio frequency identification (RFID), 94 railroad industry, National Mediation Board for, 388n14 Railway Adjustment Board, 388n14 Railway Labor Act (1926), 348, 388n14 random inspections by OSHA, 316 RC (representation certification), 350 RD (representation decertification), 350 Reagan, Ronald, 356 realistic job previews (RJPs), 164–165, 177, 186 realistic vocational preference characteristic, 220–221 reasonable accommodations under ADA, 11, 12, 57, 63, 370n43 for religious observances, 68 recession, 21 record-keeping requirements of labor unions, 348 OSHA’s, 316–317, 318, 319, 320, 336 recreational programs, 44 recruiters, 134 recruiting alternatives to, 145–146 blind-box ads, 139–140 career development vs., 211–212 constraints on recruiting efforts, 135–136, 149 costs, 136 as current employees’ responsibility, 133 and EEO, 60–61 effectiveness, 144–145 goals, 35, 134–135 Honolulu Police Department campaign, 151 job advertisements, 137, 139–141, 150, 152 and job analysis, 125 minorities and women, 60 overview, 134, 146, 149–150 and position control specialists, 40–41 technology’s effect on, and timely appraisals, 231 See also selection process recruiting sources employee referrals and recommendations, 133, 138–139, 149–150 external searches, 139–143 internal search, 137–138, 213, 214, 264 online, 143–144 overview, 137, 149 “red circle” pay rates, 270–271 reference checking, 165, 167, 169 referrals from employees, 133, 138–139, 149–150 The Regents of the University of California at Davis Medical School, Bakke v., 71 regulations See federal legislation; state legislation relationships as a cultural value, relative standards appraisal methods, 241–242, 248–249, 254 407 reliability of selection devices, 171, 376n40 religious BFOQ, 68 repatriation process, 202 repetitive stress injuries, 328 replacement charts, 116 representation certification (RC), 350 representation decertification (RD), 350 representation decertification (MD) initiated by management, 350–351 representative participation, 78–79 restricted policy infractions of EEOA, 66–67 Results-Only Work Environment (ROWE), 111–112, 126–127 résumés gathering, 143, 144, 145 and HR employment specialist position, 41 preparing your own, 148–149 and social networking sites, 161 résumé writers, 169 retaining employees See employee retention retirement benefits, 297–300, 307, 385n37–38 Retirement Equity Act (1984), 298, 385n37 return on investment (ROI) for training, 199–201 reverse discrimination, 58–59, 71 review procedures for employee files, 86–87 rewards and corporate ethics, 49 for employee referrals, 138–139 financial vs nonfinancial, 263 intrinsic vs extrinsic, 262–263 overview, 281 performance-based vs membership-based, 263–264 pros and cons, as retention incentive, 130 for top executives, 277–278 year-end bonuses, 274 See also employee compensation RFID (radio frequency identification), 94 RICO (Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act of 1970), 349 rightsizing, 15 right to work laws, 343–344 Rise of the Shadow Specters (Sun Microsystems onboarding video game), 183 risk management HRM skills area, 53 RJPs (realistic job previews), 164–165, 177, 186 ROI (return on investment) for training, 199–201 role ambiguity, 330 role conflicts, 330 role demands leading to stress, 330 role overload, 330 role-playing exercises, 194 ROWE (Results-Only Work Environment), 111–112, 126–127 Rubber Workers, 357 Russia, 280, 301 S safe and healthy work sites burnout vs., 331–332, 337 and EAPs, 326, 327, 332–334, 337, 388n59 Hawthorne study results, 40, 369n21 as HR responsibility, 37, 44 indoor air quality, 326–327 international issues, 334–336 overview, 314, 336–337 repetitive stress injuries, 328 smoke-free environments, 327–328 stress vs., 328–332 wellness programs, 333–334, 337 workers as athletes, 314 workplace violence, 325–326, 337 See also OSHA safety and health issues and job analysis, 125 safety violations, OSHA’s top ten, 324, 337 salary negotiation and discrimination, 262 Santa Clara County Transportation Agency, Johnson v., 70, 71 Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX—2002), 39, 49–50, 92, 93 savings incentive match plan for employees IRA (SIMPLE IRA), 300 Scanlon Plan, 274 Schein, Edgar, 221 Schein anchors, 221 schools, recruiting from, 142–143, 176 scientific management, 40 screening inquiries and interviews, 156–157 Screenwriters Guild of America strike, 341, 346, 351 Scullen, Steve, 242 Securities and Exchange Commission, 114 security arrangements of labor unions, 343–346, 363 selection process application forms, 157, 159–160, 161, 177 background investigation, 165–167 candidate accepts or rejects offer, 169–170 comprehensive selection approach, 168–169 conditional job offers, 165, 179 initial screening, 156–157 and job analysis, 125 job offers, 165, 168, 179 and job specifications, 123 medical/physical examination, 167–168 negligent hiring costs, 167 overview, 156, 177 predictors, 171–175 for self-managed teams, 170–171 technology’s effect on, 7, 115 validity of selection devices, 171–175, 177, 376n40, 377n43–44 See also interviewing applicants self-funding disability programs, 385n32, 386n56 seminars and lectures, 191, 193 seniority systems defense against discrimination charges, 68–69 Senior Professional in Human Resources (SPHR), 53 SEP IRA (simplified employee pension plan), 299 Service Employees International Union, 358, 360, 361, 389n29 sex discrimination lawsuit, 107–108 sexual harassment consensual relationship contracts, 94–95 damage awards, 370n29 employer liability, 75, 371n82, 372n97 investigating a complaint, 82–83 overview, 74–75, 79 Title VII on, 77 JWCL192_sidx_398-410.qxd 9/14/09 4:08 PM Page 408 www.downloadslide.com 408 shared HRM service centers, 29, 47–48 Sheetmetal Workers Local 24 v EEOC, 70 short-term disability plans, 303, 310, 386n57 SHRM (Society for Human Resource Management), 14, 45, 95, 193, 242 sick buildings, 325 sick leave, 300, 301, 302–303, 386n58 sick-leave abuse, 302–303 Silver Tsunami, 291 similarity error in appraisals, 244, 245 SIMPLE IRA (savings incentive match plan for employees IRA), 300 simplified employee pension plan (SEP IRA), 299 simulations for training or development, 191, 193–194 Singapore, 5, 280, 301, 361 60 Minutes (news program), 111 skill levels balancing specialist and generalist competencies, 223 competency-based compensation, 275–276 and job evaluation criteria, 268 matching career desires and, 219–222 motivation and, 37 technology’s effect on, 8, 23 and work/life flexibility, 13 See also job analysis process the slight promotion, 264 smart badges, smart phones, 8, 93, 248 smoke-free environments, 327–328 smokers, 334 SOC (Standard Occupational Classification), 121 socialization assumptions of, 184–185 discipline based on level of, 99 employee handbook, 188–189, 203 orientation as, 16–17, 187–188, 203 overview, 184, 186, 203 process, 185–186 Sun Microsystems’ video game, 183 training and development aspects of, 36 See also organization culture social networking sites, 144, 161, 167 Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI), 310, 386n71 Social Security taxes, 290–291, 305–306, 307, 384n12, 384n14 social vocational preference characteristic, 220–221 society, individualistic versus collective, Society for Human Resource Management (SHRM), 14, 45, 95, 193, 242 soft skills, 180 SOX (Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002), 39, 49–50, 92, 93 Spain, 301, 302 SPD (summary plan description), 298 SPHR (Senior Professional in Human Resources), 53 SSDI (Social Security Disability Insurance), 310, 386n71 staffing function of HRM, 33–35, 40–41, 50, 146 See also job analysis process; selection process Standard Occupational Classification (SOC), 121 Subject Index standards See performance standards state employment agencies, 142 state inspections for safety, 386n10 state legislation employee rights, 86–87 on insurance coverage for young adults, 287 and labor relations, 389n18 on minimum wage, 267 occupational safety and health laws, 314 protection for whistle blowers, 92 right to work laws, 344–345 on unemployment insurance, 384n20 status as a cultural value, 4–5 status quo, freezing and unfreezing the, 195–196 stock options, 278 See also rewards Stotts, Firefighters Local 1784 v., 70, 71 strategic business units, 48, 369n48 strategic management HRM skills area, 53 strategic planning process and employment planning, 119 and international labor relations, 361–362 overview, 112–114, 231, 373n11 and realistic job previews, 164–165 See also human resource planning; organizational strategies strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) analysis, 113, 114, 115 strengths of a company, 113 stress in the workplace, 328–332 stressors, 329–330 striker replacement dilemma, 356 strikes air traffic controllers, 356, 357–358, 389n41 economic strikes, 354–355 lockouts vs., 354–355 no strike clauses, 389n19 no-strike clauses for government employees, 389n19 overview, 341, 354–355 striker replacement dilemma, 356 strike votes, 389n37 virtual strikes, 341–342 wildcat strikes, 355 Writers Guild of America, 341, 346, 351 structured questionnaire method of job analysis, 120 substance-abuse awareness programs, 87 substance abuse costs, 91 substance-abuse testing, 87–88, 90–91 succession planning, 116 summary plan description (SPD), 298 sunshine laws, 359, 363 Supreme Court See U.S Supreme Court survey feedback OD technique, 197–198 survivor benefits, 300, 304 suspension or layoff, 102–103 Sweden, 74, 280, 301, 361 SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats) analysis, 113, 114, 115 T Taft-Hartley Act (1947), 39, 347–348, 356, 362, 388n8 Taiwan, 175, 357 targeted industry inspections by OSHA, 316 task demands leading to stress, 330 Tax Equity and Fiscal Responsibility Act (TEFRA), 300 taxes FICA, 384n12, 384n14 FUTA, 292, 307, 384n14 Medicare, 290–291, 384n14 Social Security, 290–291, 305–306, 307, 384n12, 384n14 Tax Reform Act (1986), 298, 385n37 Taylor, Frederick, 40 TCNs (third-country nationals), 253, 279 Teal, Connecticut v., 66, 70 team performance appraisals, 250 teams for increasing employee involvement, 20 intergroup development, 198 job design and, 127 management thought on, 40 nature of the team, 152 self-managed work team hiring decisions, 170–171 team-based compensation, 276–277 at Toyota Avalon Plant, 125 Teamsters Union, 358 technical conference method of job analysis, 120 technologists in the labor market, technology cyberloafing, 329 and flexible work schedules, 126–127 Gen Yers’ interest in company’s level of, 135 and HRM practices, 6–9, 23, 37 and job design, 37 smart phones, 8, 93, 248 virtual job fairs, 143 TEFRA (Tax Equity and Fiscal Responsibility Act), 300 telecommuting, 126–127 temporary employees, 15, 144, 145, 169 temporary help services, 145, 151–152 termination as a disciplinary action, 103–104, 105, 107, 371n57, 386n7 testing employees See employee testing Thailand, 175 women in managerial positions, 77 The World Is Flat (Friedman), 5–6 third-country nationals (TCNs), 253, 279 third-party administration (TPA), 296, 385n32 threat analysis, 113 360-degree appraisals, 250 Title VII of the Civil Rights Act (1964) affirmative action, 60–61, 65, 71 and BFOQ defense against discrimination charges, 68, 159, 370n43 and EEOA, 59–60 and EEOA of 1972, 370n12 EEOC enforcement of, 73 on employee testing, 69 and labor unions, 348 maximum reward under federal act, 371n80 overview, 59, 61, 79 on sexual harassment, 77 Title VII of the Civil Service Reform Act (1978), 349 total rewards HRM skills area, 53 Toussaint v Blue Cross and Blue Shield of Michigan, 96–97 JWCL192_sidx_398-410.qxd 9/14/09 4:08 PM Page 409 www.downloadslide.com Subject Index TPA (third-party administration), 296, 385n32 traditional health insurance, 295 traditional workers, recruiting, 135 training and development cross-cultural, 201–202, 203 employee development as one aspect of, 36 ESL programs, ethical education programs, 22–23 goals, 50 as HRM function, 33–34, 35–36, 50 and job analysis, 125 overview, 36 and reverse discrimination ruling of the Supreme Court, 71 substance-abuse awareness programs, 87 technology’s effect on, See also career development; employee development; employee training; organization development training and development area of HR department, 40, 41–42 training from OSHA, 320, 323, 325 training vs development, 190 See also employee development; employee training transnational corporations, 4, 367n7 Transportation Safety Administration (TSA), 130, 269 travel insurance, 304 turnovers and turnover rates of airport security screeners, 130, 269 from bait-and-switch recruitment, 164 cost of replacing workers, 111 and employee training and development, 200 inadequate job analysis leads to, 120 incentives vs., 133 See also employee retention Twain, Mark, 226 20/70/10 forced ranking plan, 242 type A behavior, 330–331 type B behavior, 330–331 U UAW (United Automobile Workers), 357 UFCW (United Food and Commercial Workers), 364 UMW (United Mine Workers), 357 undue hardship under ADA, 63, 370n28 unemployment compensation, 291–292, 307 unemployment insurance, 384n20 unemployment tax (FUTA), 292, 307, 384n14 unfair labor practices, 346–347, 358–359 Uniformed Services Employment and Reemployment Rights Act (USERRA— 1994), 39, 57, 64 Uniform Guidelines on Employee Selection Procedures (EEOC), 66, 69–70 union security arrangements, 343–346, 363 union shops, 343 Union Summer Program, AFL-CIO, 358 United Automobile Workers (UAW), 357 United Food and Commercial Workers (UFCW), 364 United Kingdom, 280, 301, 302, 361, 362 United Mine Workers (UMW), 357 United Mine Workers, Gateway Coal v., 386n7 United States achieved status culture, 409 birth rates and immigration, 10–11 diversity in, 72 documents establishing identity and employability, 166 effect of offshoring, 21 employee-involvement programs, 359 glass ceiling, 77, 78 hospital-acquired infections, 205 labor supply, 14–16, 23 management’s base pay, 279–280 from manufacturing giant to service economy, 359–360 minimum wage rates, 265–267, 280 Myers-Briggs testing in, 221 paid time off, 302 safety violations, top ten, 324 strike trends, 351, 355 unionization in, 361 union membership, 356–358, 360, 361 vacation and sick leave, 301 work-related deaths, 314, 325, 326 See also entries beginning with “U.S.” United States v Paradise, 70 United Steelworkers of America (USWA), 357 United Steelworkers of America v Weber, 71 universities, recruiting from, 142–143 upward appraisals, 250 upward flow of communication, 43–44 U.S Civil Service Commission, 268–269 U.S Department of Labor (DOL) CareerOneStop Web site, 142 on fifty-employee threshold for FMLA, 370n30 General Aptitude Test Battery, 175 on illness or injury on the job, 313 Notice of Polygraph Testing, 88 OFCCP branch, 65, 73–74, 77–78 O*NET, 121–122 Position Analysis Questionnaire, 122–123 posters from, 64, 89, 266 on wage and hour violations, 265 See also Bureau of Labor Statistics U.S Department of Transportation (DOT), 87 U.S Department of Veterans Affairs employer assistance program, 57 USERRA (Uniformed Services Employment and Reemployment Rights Act of 1994), 39, 57, 65 U.S State Department, 279–280, 334 U.S Supreme Court on Civil Rights Act of 1866, 58–59 discrimination-related rulings overview, 69–70 Ellerth case, 75, 371n82 reverse discrimination-related cases overview, 71 on use of nonunion members’ dues, 345 See also specific cases USWA (United Steelworkers of America), 357 V vacation and holiday leave, 300–302, 308 vaccinations for traveling, 335 validity analysis, 173 validity coefficients, 173, 377n44 validity generalization, 175 validity of selection devices, 171–175, 177 value of collectivism and relationships, Vault.com, 94, 139, 161 VBIA (Veterans Benefits Improvement Act), 57, 65 See also Uniformed Services Employment and Reemployment Rights Act Velez, Rev Erasmo, 326 Venezuela, verbal warning vs written verbal warning, 101–102 vestibule training, 191 vesting rights, 297–298 Veterans Benefits Improvement Act (VBIA), 57, 65 See also Uniformed Services Employment and Reemployment Rights Act veterans in the workforce, 57–58 video résumés, 144 Vietnam, 253, 280 Vietnam Veterans Readjustment Act (1974), 73–74, 371n65 Vinson, Meritor Savings Bank v., 74, 75 violence in the workplace, 325–326, 337 virtual job fairs, 143 virtual strikes, 341–342 Vocational Rehabilitation Act (1973), 73–74, 348, 371n65 voluntary benefits, 293–297, 302 W wage curves, 270–271 wage structure, 271–273, 281 Wagner Act (1935), 39, 346–347, 352, 356, 362, 389n16 See also Taft-Hartley Act Wall Street Journal, 137, 139 Wal-Mart, Dukes v., 76–77 Walsh-Healy Act, 265 Wards Cove Packing Company v Antonio, 70 WARN (Worker Adjustment and Retraining Notification Act of 1988), 39, 88–89, 90, 104 Washington v Davis, 59, 70 Watson Wyatt’s Human Capital Index (HCI), 46 weaknesses of a company, 113 Web-based appraisal system, 231 Weber, United Steelworkers of America v., 71 Web monitoring software, 330 Web sites AFL-CIO, 365 ASTD, 193 blocking access to inappropriate sites, 94 CareerBuilder.com, 7, 139, 144 CareerOneStop, 142 Center for Disease Control, 334 and communications programs, 7, 37–38 Monster.com, 139, 144 National Conference of State Legislatures, 287 O*NET Online, 121–122, 131 OSHA, 320, 323, 325 posting résumés online, 147 as recruiting tool, 144–145 SHRM, 53, 193 social networking, 144, 161, 167 U.S Department of Labor, 64, 121–122, 131, 142, 266 U.S State Department Travel and Living Abroad site, 335 Vault.com, 94, 139, 161 Youth At Work (EEOC), 76 YouthRules!, 266 JWCL192_sidx_398-410.qxd 9/14/09 4:08 PM Page 410 www.downloadslide.com 410 weighted application forms, 159 wellness programs, 333–334, 337 well pay, 303 “what-if, so-what” test of information priority, 44 Whirlpool Corporation v Marshall, 386n7 whistle blowing, 49, 92–93 white-water rapids vs calm waters metaphor, 195–196 wildcat strikes, 355 work community enhancement, 44 Worker Adjustment and Retraining Notification Act (WARN—1988), 39, 88–89, 90, 104 worker characteristics per O*NET, 121, 122 worker requirements per O*NET, 122 worker safety policy, 323 workers’ compensation benefits, 292, 307 workforce characteristics per O*NET, 122 Subject Index workforce diversity/composition and disability accommodations, 11, 12, 57, 63, 370n43 diversity awareness, 12, 25–26, 212 embracing, and HRM practices, 12–13 overview, 23 Workforce Management magazine, 13, 304 Working Mother magazine, 209 work/life balance, 13–14, 25, 135, 212, 304 workplace chaplains, 327 workplace fatality statistics, 314, 325, 326 workplace planning and employment HRM skills area, 53 Workplace Relations Bill (Australia), 78 workplace romance, 94–95 workplace security, 93, 325–326, 337 workplace violence, 325–326, 337 work process engineering, 19, 23–24 work-related deaths, 314, 325, 326 work sampling preemployment test, 160, 177 work site analysis by OSHA, 323 work teams See teams Writers Guild of America strike, 341, 346, 351 written verbal warning, 101 written warning, 102 Wyant v Jackson Board of Education, 70, 71 Y Youth At Work Web site (EEOC), 76 YouthRules! Web site, 266 Z zero-sum game in relative performance measures, 241, 242 ... 1-800-CALL WILEY (225-5945) DeCenzo, David A, Robbins, Stephen P Fundamentals of Human Resource Management 10th ed ISBN-13 978-0470-16968-1 Printed in the United States of America 10 JWCL192_fm_i-xxiii.qxd... to name a few! Welcome to the tenth edition of Fundamentals of Human Resource Management It is truly an exciting time to be studying Human Resource Management We appreciate that you are taking... for the exams for certification for Professional in Human Resources (PHR), Senior Professional in Human Resources (SPHR) and Global Professional in Human Resources (GPHR) Our goal has been to

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