Søren Prip Beier & Peter Dybdahl Hede Essentials of Chemistry Download free ebooks at bookboon.com Essentials of Chemistry 3rd edition © 2013 Søren Prip Beier & Peter Dybdahl Hede & bookboon.com (Ventus Publishing ApS) ISBN 978-87-403-0322-3 Download free ebooks at bookboon.com Essentials of Chemistry Contents Contents Preface Atoms 1.1 Atomic nucleus, electrons, and orbitals 1.2 Construction of the periodic table 22 1.3 Summing up on chapter 37 Chemical Compounds 38 2.1 Bonds and forces 39 2.2 Covalent bonds 44 2.3 Metallic bonds 66 2.4 Ionic bonds 75 2.5 Summing up on chapter 82 Reaction kinetics 84 3.1 Chemical reactions 84 3.2 Reaction rate 86 Please click the advert The next step for top-performing graduates Masters in Management Designed for high-achieving graduates across all disciplines, London Business School’s Masters in Management provides specific and tangible foundations for a successful career in business This 12-month, full-time programme is a business qualification with impact In 2010, our MiM employment rate was 95% within months of graduation*; the majority of graduates choosing to work in consulting or financial services As well as a renowned qualification from a world-class business school, you also gain access to the School’s network of more than 34,000 global alumni – a community that offers support and opportunities throughout your career For more information visit www.london.edu/mm, email mim@london.edu or give us a call on +44 (0)20 7000 7573 * Figures taken from London Business School’s Masters in Management 2010 employment report Download free ebooks at bookboon.com Essentials of Chemistry Contents 3.3 Rate expressions 88 3.4 Kinetics and catalysts 89 3.5 Kinetics of radioactive decay 91 3.6 Summing up on chapter 94 Chemical equilibrium 95 4.1 Solubility product 95 4.2 Precipitation 101 4.3 Summing up on chapter 103 Acids and bases 104 5.1 About acids and bases 104 5.2 pH calculations 107 5.3 Polyprotic acids 112 5.4 Acid properties of salts 114 5.5 Ion efects on pH 116 5.6 Bufer 118 5.7 Titrations and pH curves 123 5.8 Summing up on chapter 133 Please click the advert Join EADS A global leader in aerospace, defence and related services Let your imagination take shape EADS unites a leading aircraft manufacturer, the world’s largest helicopter supplier, a global leader in space programmes and a worldwide leader in global security solutions and systems to form Europe’s largest defence and aerospace group More than 140,000 people work at Airbus, Astrium, Cassidian and Eurocopter, in 90 locations globally, to deliver some of the industry’s most exciting projects learning and development opportunities, and all the support you need, you will tackle interesting challenges on state-of-the-art products We take more than 5,000 interns every year across disciplines ranging from engineering, IT, procurement and finance, to strategy, customer support, marketing and sales Positions are available in France, Germany, Spain and the UK An EADS internship offers the chance to use your theoretical knowledge and apply it first-hand to real situations and assignments during your studies Given a high level of responsibility, plenty of To find out more and apply, visit www.jobs.eads.com You can also find out more on our EADS Careers Facebook page Download free ebooks at bookboon.com Essentials of Chemistry Contents Electrochemistry 134 6.1 Oxidation and reduction 134 6.2 Galvanic cells 140 6.3 Standard reduction potentials 142 6.4 Concentration dependency of cell potentials 147 6.5 Batteries 151 6.6 Corrosion 156 6.7 Electrolysis 159 6.8 Summing up on chapter 161 Endnotes 162 Excellent Economics and Business programmes at: Please click the advert “The perfect start of a successful, international career.” CLICK HERE to discover why both socially and academically the University of Groningen is one of the best places for a student to be www.rug.nl/feb/education Download free ebooks at bookboon.com Essentials of Chemistry Preface Preface his book is written primarily to engineering students in the ields of basic chemistry, environmental chemistry, food production, chemical and biochemical engineering who in the beginning of their university studies receive education in inorganic chemistry and applied chemistry in general he aim of this book is to explain and clarify important terms and concepts which the students are supposed to be familiar with he book can not replace existing educational textbooks, but it gives a great supplement to the education within chemistry Many smaller assignments and examples including solutions are given in the book he book is divided into six chapters covering the introductory parts of the education within chemistry at universities and chemical engineering schools One of the aims of this book is to lighten the shit from grammar school/high school/gymnasium to the university We alone are responsible for any misprints or errors and we will be grateful to receive any critics and suggestions for improvement Chapter Søren Prip Beier Chapter 2 Copenhagen, December 2012 Chapter Chapter 4 Peter Dybdahl Hede Chapter Chapter Søren Prip Beier & Peter Dybdahl Hede Download free ebooks at bookboon.com Essentials of Chemistry Atoms Atoms he aim of this chapter is to introduce important concepts and theory within fundamental aspects of chemistry Initially we are going to look at the single atom itself and then we move to the arrangement of the atoms (elements) into the periodic table 1.1 Atomic nucleus, electrons, and orbitals he topic of this irst chapter is the single atoms All matter is composed of atoms and to get a general understanding of the composition of atoms we irst have to learn about electromagnetic radiation Electromagnetic radiation is closely related to the nature of atoms and especially to the positions and movements of the electrons relative to the atomic nuclei 1.1.1 Components of the atom An atom is composed of a nucleus surrounded by electrons he nucleus consists of positively charged protons and uncharged neutrons he charge of an electron is -1 and the charge of a proton is +1 An atom in its ground state is neutral (uncharged) because is consists of an equal amount of protons and electrons he number of neutrons in the nucleus of an element can however vary resulting in more than one isotope Hydrogen for example has three isotopes: / J{ftqigp."J."Pwengwu"eqorqukvkqp