Ấn Độ thời Maurya và Gúp-ta

Ms. Susan M. Pojer Horace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NY Ms. Susan M. Pojer Horace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NY Chandragupta Chandragupta : : 321 BCE-298 321 BCE-298 BCE BCE  Unified northern India. Unified northern India.  Defeated the Persian Defeated the Persian general general Seleucus Seleucus . .  Divided his empire into Divided his empire into provinces, then districts provinces, then districts for tax assessments and law for tax assessments and law enforcement. enforcement.  He feared assassination [like Saddam He feared assassination [like Saddam Hussein] Hussein]   food tasters, slept in different food tasters, slept in different rooms, etc. rooms, etc.  301 BCE 301 BCE   gave up his throne & became gave up his throne & became a Jain. a Jain. The Maurya Empire The Maurya Empire 321 BCE – 185 BCE 321 BCE – 185 BCE Kautilya Kautilya  Chandragupta’s advisor. Chandragupta’s advisor.  Brahmin caste. Brahmin caste.  Wrote Wrote The Treatise on The Treatise on Material Gain Material Gain or the or the Arthashastra Arthashastra . .  A guide for the king and his ministers: A guide for the king and his ministers:  Supports royal power. Supports royal power.  The great evil in society is The great evil in society is anarchy anarchy . .  Therefore, a single authority is Therefore, a single authority is needed to employ force when needed to employ force when necessary! necessary! As oka (304 – 232 BCE) As oka (304 – 232 BCE)  Religious conversion Religious conversion after the gruesome after the gruesome battle of battle of Kalinga Kalinga in in 262 BCE. 262 BCE.  Dedicated his life to Dedicated his life to Buddhism. Buddhism.  Built extensive roads. Built extensive roads.  Conflict Conflict   how to balance Kautilya’s how to balance Kautilya’s methods of keeping power methods of keeping power and Buddha’s demands to and Buddha’s demands to become a selfless person? become a selfless person? As oka As oka ’s ’s Empir Empir e e As oka’s law code As oka’s law code  Edicts scattered in Edicts scattered in more than 30 places more than 30 places in India, Nepal, in India, Nepal, Pakistan, & Afghanistan. Pakistan, & Afghanistan.  Written mostly in Written mostly in Sanskrit, but one was in Sanskrit, but one was in Greek and Aramaic. Greek and Aramaic.  10 rock edicts. 10 rock edicts.  Each pillar [ Each pillar [ stupa stupa ] is 40’-50’ high. ] is 40’-50’ high.  Buddhist principles dominate his laws. Buddhist principles dominate his laws. One One of of As oka As oka ’s ’s Stup Stup as as Women Women Under an Under an As oka As oka tree tree Turmoil & a power Turmoil & a power Vacuum: Vacuum: 220 BCE – 320 CE 220 BCE – 320 CE T a m i l s T a m i l s The Maurya Empire is divided into many kingdoms. The Maurya Empire is divided into many kingdoms. . & became gave up his throne & became a Jain. a Jain. The Maurya Empire The Maurya Empire 321 BCE – 185 BCE 321 BCE – 185 BCE Kautilya Kautilya. 320 CE 220 BCE – 320 CE T a m i l s T a m i l s The Maurya Empire is divided into many kingdoms. The Maurya Empire is divided into many kingdoms. Gupta