TÀI LIỆU CHUYÊN ĐỀ HÓA HỮU CƠ (LUYỆN THI THPTQG)

BÀI TẬP TRẮC NGHIỆM HÓA HỮU CƠ – oxit cacbon: CO, CO2 – – 4C3, CaC2, v.v… – – – – VD1: NaHCO3 KCN C3H9N CaC2 C6H5OH Al4C3 HCOONa CaCO3 CO2 (NH4)2CO3 CHCl3 (NH2)2CO – – – – – có xúc tác – 1 VD2: CH4, C2H4, C6H6 VD3: C2H5OH, C3H9N, CHCl3 Chú ý A) B) C) D) 4, CHCl3, KHCO3, NH4HCO3, C2H5NH2, HCN, CH3COONa, C12H22O11, (C2H3Cl)n, CO2, (COOH)2 A) B) C) D) A) B) C) D) CH3COOH, CH2=CH–CH2OH, C6H5–CH=CH2, CH4, C6H12O6, (CH3)3N, CH A) B) C) D) A) C2H2, C2H5OH, C2H5NH2, C12H22O11 B) C2H5OH, HCOOCH3, (CH3)3N, CH3Cl C) CH3CHO, C6H6, (COOH)2, CH3COOC2H3 D) C2H3Cl, NaCN, CH3NH2, (C2H3Cl)n 2 H O —C=C—C—O—H X 1,3 – A) 5, 3, C) 3, 5, B) 4, 3, D) 4, 2, Etilen: H—C=C—H H H H H H H H H H H H C C C C C C C=C—H H H (A) (B) 3 – – – —" • • VD4: —C • • VD5: Chú ý CH2=CH–CH3 VD6: —C 6H6 H H H C C C C C C C H C C H C C C H C C—C C C C C C 4 Chú ý cacbon 1); 3); halogen (1) – – VD7: 2H4 H—C=C—H H H VD8: 2H4O2 H H—C—C—O—H H O H O H—C—O—C—H H O H oxi (2 H—C—C—O—H H 5 H –C—H –CH3 H H –O—H –OH –N—H –NH2 VD: CH3–CH2–OH CH3CH2OH O O –C—H –CHO –C—OH –COOH H VD9: O —C—C—O—H H O — 3—C—OH — 3COOH H H H H H H H (A) H—C=C—C—O—H (B) H—C—C—N—C—H H H H H 6 Các VD10: CH4 C2H6 +CH2 C3H8 +CH2 C4H10 v.v… +CH2 – hóa khác 2H4O2 A Chú ý B không không A) CH4, C2H6, C3H8, C4H10 C) C6H6, C7H8, C8H10, C9H12 B) C2H4, C3H6, C4H8, C5H10 D) C4H4, C4H6, C4H8, C4H10 không A) CH3COOH HCOOCH3 B) (CH3)2NH CH3CH2NH2 C) CH3CH2OH CH3OCH3 D) CH2=CH–COOH CH2=CH–CH2OH C A) B) C) D) 7 10 B A + C D A VD11: CH3CH2OH + HBr to + D C B CH3CH2Br + HOH H2O + A VD12: CH2=CH2 + H2 A VD13: CH2—CH2 H B Ni to A B CH3CH3 B A H2 SO4 (®Æc) 180 o C + B CH2=CH2 + H2O OH VD14: C3H8 + 5O2 to 3CO2 + 4H2O D A) CH4 + 3O2 B) C4H10 Ni to to CO2 + 2H2O CH4 + C3H6 C) C2H4 + HBr C2H5Br D) CH3COOC2H5 + NaOH CH3COONa + C2H5OH 8 (B) H H H E (A) H—C—C—C—H H H H H—C—C—C—O—H H O H H H H H (D) H H H (C) H H H—C—N—C—H (E) O H H (F) H H Chú ý H H—C—O—C—H H C C C C C H H O C C—O—H H H F A) B) C) D) G (1) CH2=CH2 + H2O CH3CH2OH (2) C2H6 + Cl2 C2H5Cl + HCl (3) CH 2O 2O (4) CH3CH2Cl + NaOH CH3CH2OH + NaCl (5) CH3CHO + H2 CH3CH2OH (6) CH3COOH + C2H5OH HCOONa + CH3OH (7) HCOOCH3 + NaOH HCOONa + H2O (8) CH3NH2 + HCl CH3NH3Cl CH2=CH2 + CH4 (9) CH3CH2CH3 (A) (B) (C) 9 A) stiren; clobenzen; but–1–en B) 1,2 C) buta–1,3 D) 1,1,2,2–tetrafloeten; propilen; stiren; vinyl clorua Chú ý 1,1,2,2–tetrafloeten CF2=CF2 CH2=CH–CH=CH2 C=O caprolactam (CH2)5 A) 1, 2, C) 1, 3, NH acrilonitrin CH2=CH–CN B) 1, 2, D) 3, 4, A propilenoxit CH3–CH—CH2 O –1,3 A) B) C) D) A) B) C) D) B C (a) CH2=CH–OCOCH3 CH2—CH2——C=O (b) CH2 CH2 CH2—CH2—CH2 (c) CH2=CH–CH=CH2 D Buta–1,3 – E A) C2H5COOCH=CH2 C) CH3COOCH=CH2 B) CH2=CH–COOC2H5 D) CH2=CHCOOCH3 F –S A) CH2=C(CH3)–CH=CH2 C6H5–CH=CH2 B) CH2=CH–CH=CH2 C6H5–CH=CH2 C) CH2=CH–CH=CH2 D) CH2=CH–CH=CH2 CH3–CH=CH2 292 4 2O) –OH, –NH2, –COOH VD: HO–(CH2)2–OH; H2N–(CH2)5–COOH monome monome n HO n HO H X OH X xt to ,p H + H Y —X— n xt to ,p + nH2O —XY— + 2nH2O n G A) C2H4(OH)2 C) CH3COOH B) CH3CH2OH D) CH2=CH–OCOCH3 H không Chú ý A) C2H4(OH)2 Axit terephtalic HOOC B) HOOC COOH COOH C) HO I không A) glyxin C) axit axetic CH3 D) H2N(CH2)6NH2 B) axit terephtalic D) etilen glicol 293 J (A) H2N—CH–(CH2)10—COOH CH3 (B) HOOC–(CH2)4–COOH H2N–(CH2)6–NH2 COOH HO–(CH2)2–OH (C) HOOC O O K ——HN NH—C C—— n A) o–H2N–C6H4–NH2 p–HOOC–C6H4–COOH B) p–H2N–C6H4–NH2 o–HOOC–C6H4–COOH C) o–H2N–C6H4–NH2 m–HOOC–C6H4–COOH D) o–H2N–C6H4–NH2 o–HOOC–C6H4–COOH L xt A) nH2N–(CH2)5–COOH —NH(CH2)5CO— n to ,p C=O B) n (CH2)5 xt to ,p —NH(CH2)5CO— n NH xt C) nCH2=CH to ,p —CH2–CH— n D) nCH2—CH2 xt to ,p —CH2–CH2O— n O M 3COOH, CH2=CHCOOH, CH2=CHCOOCH3, CH2OH–CH2OH, CHCl3, HOOC(CH2)4 A) B) C) D) 294 CH2=CH— nCH2=CH—X xt —CH2–CH— to ,p X Chú ý polietilen (PE) Monome CH2=CH2 polistiren (PS) CH2=CH–C6H5 poli(vinyl clorua) (PVC) CH2=CH–Cl poli(metyl metacrylat) CH2=C(CH3)COOCH3 poliacrilonitrin CH2=CH–CN poli(vinyl axetat) CH2=CH–OCOCH3 Isopren CH2=C(CH3)-CH=CH2 n olon) Keo dán –1,3 nCH2=CH—CH=CH2 xt to ,p —CH2–C=CH–CH2—n X X –1,3 –1,3 làm cao su amit C=O xt n (CH2)a NH o t ,p —NH(CH2)5CO—n a = 6: nilon– a = 7: nilon– 295 1 A) B) C) cao su isopren, nilon–6,6, polistiren D) nilon– (A) cao su isopren (B) cao su Buna–N (C) cao su Buna–S (D) (E) 5H8 A) CH3–C=C=CH2 B) CH2=CH–C=CH2 CH3 CH3 C) CH2=CH2 D) CH3 CH3 8H10 H2O A) 1–phenyletan–1–ol C) o–etylphenol trïng hîp Y polistiren B) 2–phenyletan–1–ol D) 4H8 2SO4 A) B) C) D) 296 2 –6 (capron) nilon–7 (enan) H2N–(CH2)a–COOH (a = 6, 7) 2N–(CH2)a–COOH xt —H2N–(CH2)a–CO—n to ,p nilon–6,6 nH2N–(CH2)6–NH2 + nHOOC–(CH2)4–COOH xt —NH(CH2)6NH–CO(NH2)4CO— to ,p nHOOC + 2nH2O n COOH + nHO–(CH2)2–OH xt to ,p —CO COO–(CH2)2–O— + 2nH2O n poli(etilen–terephtalat) Keo dán ure– H H2N–CO–NH2 + HCHO H2N—CO–NH–CH2—OH to Monome có hai nhóm H H2N—CO–NH–CH2—OH —NH–CO–NH–CH2—n + nH2O to poli(ure– – OH CH2OH OH + HCHO H to OH CH2OH H to Poli(phenol– • • • Dùng làm 297 A) nilon–6,6 C) nilon–7 Chú ý B) nilon–6 D) không A) C) lapsan B) nilon–6,6 D) enan A) C) B) D) A) C) – –6,6 B) D) A Poli(metyl metacrylat) nilon– A) CH2=CHCOOCH3 H2N(CH2)6NH2 B) CH2=C(CH3)COOCH3 H2N(CH2)6COOH C) CH3COOCH=CH2 H2N(CH2)5COOH D) CH2=C(CH3)COOCH3 H2N(CH2)5COOH B Trong polime sau: (1) poli(metyl metacrylat); (2) polistiren; (3) nilon–7; (4) poli(etilen–terephtalat); (5) nilon–6,6; (6) poli(vinyl axetat) A) 1, 3, C) 1, 3, B) 1, 2, D) 3, 4, C (1) nilon–6: —NH(CH 2)5CO— ( )n (2) nilon–6,6: —NH(CH ( 2)5NH–CO(CH2)4CO— )n ( 6H7O2(OCOCH3)3— )n A) C) B) 1, D) 298 D – A) B) –6,6; C) D) E A) cao su; nilon– B) – C) nilon– D) nilon– F G –6 không A) polietilen C) poli(phenol– B) poli(metyl metacrylat) D) nilon–6,6 không A) poli(etilen–terephtalat) C) poli(ure– B) nilon–6,6 D) poliacrilonitrin A) poli(etilen–terephtalat) C) poli(ure– B) nilon–7 D) polistiren H I không A) C) poliisopren B) poliacrilonitrin D) –acrilonitrin) A) tơ axetat C) B) tơ poliamit D) tơ visco A) C) polieste B) D) poliamit J K L không A) B) C) D) Trùng ngưng axit ε-aminocaproic 299 (CH3CO)2O/H+, to [C6H7O2(OCOCH3)3] (C6H10O5)n [C6H7O2(OH)3] CS2 + NaOH M A) C) Chú ý B) D) –6,6 N A) C) —CH2–CH— OH n –6,6 B) D) – O A) B) C) D) – P – A) C) Q nitron, nilon– A) –6,6 B) D) – B) C) D) R A) B) –1,3 –N C) D) Poli(etilen– 300 • Polietilen (PE) • Polistiren (PS) • Poli(vinyl clorua) (PVC) • Poli(metyl metacrylat) • Poli(phenol– CAO SU • Cao su Buna • Cao su isopren • Cao su Buna–N • Cao su Buna–S KEO DÁN • Poli(ure– • Keo epoxi • Nilon–6 (capron) • Nilon–7 (enan) • Nilon–6,6 • • Chú ý S – A) B) C) D) T B) nilon– D) A) C) U –S; –6,6; poli(ure– A) B) C) D) 301 V –6,6 A) B) C) D) –6,6 W không nóng A) –6,6; polietilen B) poli(vinyl axetat); polietilen; cao su buna C) nilon–6,6; poli(etilen–terephtalat); polistiren D) polietilen; cao su buna; polistiren 2SO4 loãng, X – A) 1, 4, C) 2, 5, Y B) 1, 2, D) 2, 3, không A) B) C) D) Z A) ClH3N(CH2)5COOH C) H2N(CH2)5COOH a B) ClH3N(CH2)6COOH D) H2N(CH2)5COOH –6 môi A) H2N(CH2)5COOH C) H2N(CH2)6COONa B) H2N(CH2)5COONa D) H2N(CH2)6COOH 302 Chú ý xt to ,p –A– Mpolime n = M (–A–)n –A–)n Mpolime n Mmonome VD1: n= 28000 28 1000 A) 12000 C) 24000 B) 15000 D) 25000 106 A) 104 B) 5,8 104 A) 250 B) 290 C) 104 D) 4,8 104 C) 1000 D) 500 – – A) 113 152 C) 121 152 B) 121 114 D) 113 114 303 B C X A h% = 100 % VD2: C2H2 C2H3Cl PVC Chú ý trình 60 % PVC 62,5 93,75 kg 2CH4 32 93, 75 62,5 x 48 (kg) mCH 48 : VCH 60 100 5000 22, 80 (kg) 80 16 nCH4 (kmol) = 5000 (mol) 112.000 (lÝt) = 112 (m3 ) V C2H2 112 : 80 100 140 (m3 ) C2H3Cl A) 358,4 C) 286,7 B) 448,0 D) 224,0 304 B 1, C h2, h3, …, hn h h1 h2 h3 hn Cl2 vinyl clorua 500 oC 1,2 xt to ,p A) 1024 m3 B) 1064 m3 C) 1046 m3 D) 1008 m3 CH2=C(CH3)COOH CH3OH h1 60 % CH2=C(CH3)COOCH3 xt,to ,p h2 80 % X A) 129 kg C) 251 kg B) 215 kg D) 125 kg – m A) 2196 B) 2692 C) 2232 D) 2034 305 VD3: Polime thu 2 2kH3kClk %Cl + Cl2 35,5k 35,5 62,5k 34,5 100% to C2kH3k–1Clk+1 + HCl 62,39% A) B) C) D) A) B) C) D) C) 2:1 D) 1:3 k 3, 66 A B Cho cao su Buna– A) 1:1 –1,3 B) 1:2 306