A City from Outside In about 1600, an artist called EI Greco painted a picture of Toledo, a city in Spain.. It's fun to watch people in cities, and artists like painting them.. A Russi
Trang 1Our World
In Art
Richard Northcott
• What are still lifes?
• Why do artists use perspective?
Read and discover more about the world!
This series of non - fiction readers provides
int r s ting and educational content, with
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Artists don't onLy make pictures Sometimes they make scuLptures with stone, metal, or wood
What things from our worLd do artists show in art?
What types of art do you know?
What is your favorite type of art?
Now read and discover more about our worLd in art!
•
Trang 4•
Cities are interesting places There are lots of different
buildings Cities are also full of people, and all the
people are different Artists have always been interested
in cities and in the people who live in them
A City from Outside
In about 1600, an artist called EI Greco painted
a picture of Toledo, a city in Spain Toledo was an
important city at that time There were great buildings
there EI Greco's painting shows Toledo from the
countryside The city looks quiet The sky is dark and
there's going to be a storm, but the city looks strong
Inside a City
N ow let's go inside a city There are streets and buildings, and there are lots of people It's fun to watch people in cities, and artists like painting them
In 1876, Gustave Caillebotte painted some people
on a bridge in Pari s A man and a woman are crossing the bridge and talking Another man is leaning on the bridge and watching something A dog is walking across the bridge, too
When w e look at this painting, we think th a t we a re
on th e bridg e We think thi s becau se th e art i s t h as
us e d p e rspective
•
Trang 5vanishing point
per pective t h e li nes in a picture go to a place
on t h e horizon, ca ll e d th e vani s hing point
T h is p a inting of N ew Y o rk i s by Hippolyte Sebron
The tops of the buildings, the windows, and the lines
in the snow go to the vanishing point The vanishing
point looks far away, but the horses look near
Now look again at the painting on page 5 Where is
the vanishing point?
Artists don't always use perspective When there's
no perspective, everything looks near There's no vanishing point, and there are no buildings far away
A Russian artist called Natalia Goncharova painted this big picture of a Russian city It was scener y for
a ballet There are hundreds of towers and domes in her painting, but there ' s no perspective
Artists can play with perspective and make amazing shapes Look carefully at this shape Which is the front of the shape? Which is the back?
Go to pages 36 - 37 for activities
•
Trang 6•
A painting of the inside of a building is called an interior
When artists paint interiors, they often use perspective
so that we can see through one room into another room
M Kong' House
through the doors and see another, smaller room
The room is in the house of a rich man called
Mr Kong Maybe he's the man in the blue coat
who's playing a type of guitar, but we don't really
know We also don't know the name of the artist
courtyard, and knocked on the door A woman opened the door and took the bread We see this
Pieter de Hooch
o
Trang 7· gh from Outside
In t hi s int e rior, the artist shows a room in Cairo in
Egypt, l o n g ago Two young women are watching an
old man, w h o i s writing in a book
Look ca r ef ull y a t this painting and you will find lots
of sma ll i nterest in g things For example, three cats
are sleep i ng on t h e fl oo r They like this place because
it's warm We ca n 't see o ut s ide , but we know that it's
sunny T h e arti t shows t h e s unlight that's coming
throug h the d oo r
Stores
Busy stores are fun because lots of things happen there Customers look, talk, and bu y things Sales clerks help the customers, show them things, and take their money Stores are interesting places, so artists like painting them
A Spanish artist called Luis Paret y Alcazar was born in 1746 He painted this store interior where lots of things are happening There's a woman in a
beautiful dress A little baby wants to touch h e r A man is sitting and a sales clerk is sh ow ing h i m thing s These people are important cu s tom e r s, so eve ry o n e
in the store is busy
Go to pages 38-39 for activities
Trang 8Paintings of the countryside are called landscapes
In a landscape, the people are usually very smaLL,
and sometimes there aren't any people The most
important thing in a Landscape is the countryside
Many artists like painting mountains Sunlight
and shadows on mountains can look amazing
Jose Velasco was born in Mexico in 1840 He painted
beautiful landscapes of mountains In this landscape,
Jose Velasco puts big shapes together Near us there
are some plants They are big, bright, and green
Far away, there's a mountain, with snow on the top
It looks big and cold
Oceans and Islands
Ando Hiroshige was born in Japan in 1797 He painted busy streets, but he's also famous for his landscapes and pictures of the ocean His pictures often surprise us because he put very different shapes together He liked putting big, strong
s hapes at the front of his paintings
For example, look at his picture of the ocean The biggest things in the picture are the waves, and they look very near
There are beautiful landscapes
in Chinese art, too Some of them are on bowls and plates
This plate shows lots of small, rocky islands with houses
A Plate from China
Trang 9Cl i
P ople in a andsca
When Italian artists painted an important person, they
often painted a beautiful landscape behind the person
Benozzo Gozzoli was a painter from Florence, now in
Italy He was born about 600 years ago He painted
~:,
Benozzo GozzoLi put his face
in his painting He's this man who
is wearing an orange hat Can you
find him in the big painting?
A map shows the roads, rivers, and cities in a country
artists painted little pictures on the maps
Look at this map from 1625 It shows the southeast coast of North America For the mountains, the artist
are tiny trees The artist drew lines to show the water
in the ocean Can you see the three ships?
Trang 10Paintings of flowers are called still lifes A still life
can also be a painting of food, bottles, or musical
Fowers
Everyone can draw a flower You just draw five or
six petals and color them That's easy, but try to
paint flowers like the ones in this painting That's
much harder!
animals There's a butterfly and a parrot
ood
This still life with fruit is by Paula Modersohn-Becker She was born in Germany in 1876 There's a big piece
of melon, some pears, an orange, and maybe some
s trawberries This still life is very different from the painting by Jan van K essel The artist didn't use many colors There's no pretty bowl and no butterflies We can't see the front of the table, so the fruit looks near Behind the fruit, the edge of the table looks like the horizon The shapes of the fruit are as strong as the shapes of rocks or mountains in a landscape painting
Trang 11Woo Sculptures
Not all stilllifes are paintings This wooden sculpture
is a still life The paintbrushes and the tools are made
of wood The book is a very thin piece of wood The
artist used sharp tools, but he didn't break the wood
That's really amazing!
The artist was called Grinling Gibbons He was
born in 1648 in the Netherlands He went to the
United Kingdom when he was about 20 years old,
and he made sculptures for big houses and important
buildings He died in 1721, but his family still makes
beautiful things with wood
The paintbrushes in Grinling Gibbons's sculpture look like real paintbrushes The guitar in this painting doesn't look like a real guitar This guitar is a funny shape It's on a table, and the tabl e is a funny shape, too The black shadows on the table and on the floor are big, strong shapes
This still life is by a Spanish artist called Juan Gris
He painted it in 1920 Things in Juan Gris's paintings often have funny shapes They surprise us, so we think about them more
Go to pages 42-43 for activities
Trang 12Machines can be beautifuL Planes are smooth and shiny,
so maybe they are beautiful machines What about the
engine in a car? Engines are often dark and dirty Are car
engines beautiful? What do you think?
?
An a rti s t from Ukraine called Grygoriy Shyshko
p a inted a building site in 1966 He painted cranes
and other big machines In front of the machines
there's a man who works on the site He looks
picture, but the artist shows us an interesting
moment People and machines are working together
nes
D e tro i t I ndustry nor t h wall 1 933
Trang 13s
Try drawing a person, then try drawing a robot How
are peop l e an d robots different from each other?
Robots are made of metal They have lots of straight
lin es People h ave sof t hair and soft skin, but robots
arc hard
When art i sts make r o bots, they use materials that are
and parts of machines There are pieces of computers
There's also part of a calculator Can you find it?
A Sculpture of a Robot
In 1452, an artist called Leonardo da Vinci was born in Florence, now in Italy He was interested in machines He had lots of ideas for flying machines, and he drew them in his notebooks This is amazing because Leonardo da Vinci lived about 400 years before the first planes! In about 1490, he drew this
artists of all time
Leonardo da Vinci wrote with his left hand He also wrote from right to left The writing in his notebooks looks like writing reflected in a mirror
• ' • '
¥
Go to pages 44-45 for activities •
Trang 14There are different types of Light - Light from the sun
or the moon, eLectric light, and Light from candles With
Ie
A l :' r c n c h a rti s t called Georges de la Tour was good at
pa intin g th e light of candles He painted this picture
of a mother and her baby in about 1650 The room is
dark, but one of the women has a candle We can't see
the candle because the woman's hand is in front of it
We can see candlelight on the baby's head The artist
used different colors to show light and shade
Reflections
Light shines on people's faces and clothes, then it bounces off This is called reflection Painters use reflections to show different types of fabric in people's clothes For example, in about 1512, an artist called Titian painted this portrait of a man The man is wearing a jacket made of a soft, shiny fabric If you look carefully at the man's arm, you can see the different
gray colors that show the reflections from his jacket Titian was from Venice, now in Italy He was good at
mixing paint and making new colors
Trang 15sharp tool
Moo I"g t
Moonlight is not as bright
as sunlight When the moo n
shines, there are no colors
Everything is gray In 1938 ,
a Japanese artist called
Kawase Hasui drew a
ga r de n in th e moonlight
W e c a n ' t see the moon in his picture, but we know that the moonlight is strong because he used different gray inks for the garden
This type of picture is called a woodblock print
To make a woodblock print, artists draw on flat pieces of wood Then th ey
cut the wood with a sharp tool, to make the different parts of the picture They put ink on the wood, then pre s s a piec e of paper on
it Th e y use a different piece of wood for each color, but th e y press the same piec e of pap e r on each piec e of wood
Su lig t
The sun is shining People are sitting b y the river It's
a hot day No one wants to move Georges Seurat was
a French artist who painted this picture of people by the river near Paris in 1884 The painting is made of thousands of little dots G e orges Seurat used these dots to give the idea of bright sunlight
Georges Seurat painted different colored dots close together You only see them if you go near to the painting If you stand 2 or 3 meters away, the different colors mix and make new colors