(BQ) Part 1 book Microbiology principles and explorations presents the following contents: Scope and history of microbiology, fundamentals of chemistry, microscopy and staining, characteristics of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, essential concepts of metabolism, microbial genetics, eukaryotic microorganisms and parasites, antimicrobial therapy,...
Diseases and the Organisms that Cause Them BACTERIAL DISEASES—ALSO SEE APPENDIX B Disease Organism acne actinomycosis anthrax bacterial meningitis Propionibacterium acnes Actinomyces israelii Bacillus anthracis Haemophilus influenzae Neisseria meningitidis Streptococcus pneumoniae Listeria monocytogenes bacterial vaginitis Gardnerella vaginalis botulism Clostridium botulinum brucellosis (undulant Brucella sp. fever, Malta fever) cat scratch fever Afipia felis, Bartonella henselae chancroid Haemophilus ducreyi cholera (Asiatic Vibrio cholerae cholera) conjunctivitis Haemophilus aegyptius dental caries Streptococcus mutans diptheria Corynebacterium diptheriae ehrlichiosis Ehrlichia sp endocarditis Enterococcus faecalis food poisoning Staphylococcus aureus Streptococcus pyogenes Clostridium perfringens Clostridium botulinum Bacillus cereus gas gangrene Listeria monocytogenes Campylobacter sp Shigella sp Salmonella sp Vibrio parahaemolyticus Clostridium perfringens and others Neisseria gonorrhoeae Calymmatobacterium granulomatis Mycobacterium leprae gonorrhea granuloma inguinale (donovanosis) Hansen’s disease (leprosy) Legionnaires’ disease Legionella (legionellosis) pneumophilia leptospirosis Leptospira interrogans listeriosis Listeria monocytogenes Lyme disease Borrelia burgdorferi lymphogranuloma Chlamydia venereum trachomatis Madura foot Actinomadura, (maduromycosis) Streptomyces, Nocardia nongonococcal Chlamydia urethritis (NGU) trachomatis Ureaplasma urealyticum Type* Page Disease R, I, R, R, 580 592 94, 729–732 768 C, C, 442,762 763 R, 763 R, R, CB, 613 411, 689, 773–775 736–737 R, CB,NA R, vibrio, 598 623 411, 693–695 ornithosis Chlamydia psittaci (psittacosis) Oroyo fever (Carrion’s Bartonella disease, bacilliformis bartonellosis) peptic ulcer Helicobacter pylori periodontal disease Porphyromonas gingivalis and others pharyngitis Streptococcus (strep throat) pyogenes plague (black death) Yersinia pestis bubonic plague pneumonic plague pneumonia Streptococcus pneumoniae Klebsiella pneumoniae CB, 592 C, R, 684–686 684–686 R,NA C, C, 743 726–727 411, 688–689 C, 724 R, 411, 689 R, R, 689 689 R, 763 R, R, R, R, R, 392, 689–690, 695 411, 691–693 391, 690–691 695 597–598 C, R, 616–620 627 R, A-F 405, 770–773 R, 655–656 S, R, 612–613 763 333, 737–740 S, coccoid, 626–627 NA I, , some 592 A-F R,VAR 625–626 I,NA 626 Organism pneumonia, atypical Mycoplasma (walking pneumonia) pneumoniae pseudomembranous Clostridium difficile colitis puerperal fever Streptococcus (childbed fever) pyogenes Q fever Coxiella burnetti rat bite fever Spirillum minor Streptobacillus moniliformis relapsing fever Borrelia sp rheumatic fever Streptococcus pyogenes rickettsialpox Rickettsia akari Rocky Mountain Rickettsia rickettsii spotted fever salmonellosis Salmonella sp shigellosis (bacillary Shigella sp dysentery) skin and wound Staphylococcus infections (scalded aureus skin syndrome, Staphylococcus epidermidis scarlet fever, Streptococcus sp erysipelas, impetigo, Providencia stuartii etc.) Pseudomonas aeruginosa Serratia marcescens syphilis Treponema pallidum tetanus Clostridium tetani toxic shock syndrome Staphylococcus aureus trachoma Chlamydia trachomatis trench fever Rochalimaea quintana tuberculosis Mycobacterium tuberculosis tuberculosis, avian Mycobacterium avium tularemia Francisella tularensis typhoid fever Salmonella typhi typhus, endemic Rickettsia typhi (murine typhus) typhus, epidemic Rickettsia prowazekii typhus, recrudescent Rickettsia prowazekii (Brill-Zinsser disease) typhus, scrub Rickettsia (tsutsugamushi tsutsugamushi disease) Type* Page coccoid, NA 661 coccoid, – 743 R, – 697–698 R, – 686–687 C, 645–646 R, – 333, 733–734 C, 653–654 R, – I,NA 126, 169, 654, 674 655 R, 698–699 C, 725 CB, NA S, – R, – 333, 661–662 598–599 598–599 S, – C, CB, NA CB, NA 736–737 725–726 742 741–742 R, – R, – 690–691 691–693 C, 578 C, C, R, – R, – R, – S, – R, C, coccoid, NA CB, NA R, A-F R, A-F R, – R, – CB,NA 579 579 580 581 198, 581 620–623 772–773 614–615 592 333, 742–743 656–661 659 333, 734–736 691 740–741 CB,NA CB,NA 741 741 CB,NA 741 Diseases and the Organisms that Cause Them (Continued) BACTERIAL DISEASES—ALSO SEE APPENDIX B Disease Organism Type* Page verruga peruana (bartonellosis) vibriosis Bartonella bacilliformis coccoid, 743 Vibrio parahaemolyticus Bordetella pertussis R, 695 CB, 651–653 Yersinia enterocolitica R, 697 whooping cough (pertussis) yersiniosis *Key to types: C coccus CB coccobacillus R rod S spiral Species I irregular Gram-negative Gram-positive VAR Gram-variable A-F acid-fast NA not applicable VIRAL DISEASES Disease Virus Reservoir Page Disease Virus aplastic crisis in sickle cell anemia avian (bird) flu bronchitis, rhinitis erythrovirus (B19) humans 749 herpes, oral influenza parainfluenza 663–665 650–651 Burkitt’s lymphoma cervical cancer Epstein-Barr human papillomavirus birds humans, some other mammals humans humans usually herpes humans simplex type 1, sometimes type human humans immunodeficiency virus (HIV) Epstein-Barr humans chickenpox varicella-zoster humans coryza (common cold) cytomegalic inclusion disease Dengue fever encephalitis rhinovirus coronavirus cytomegalovirus humans humans humans Dengue Colorado tick fever Eastern equine encephalitis St Louis encephalitis Venezuelan equine encephalitis Western equine encephalitis adenovirus humans mammals birds epidemic keratoconjunctivitis fifth disease (erythema infectiosum) hantavirus pulmonary syndrome hemorrhagic fever hemorrhagic fever, Bolivian hemorrhagic fever, Korean hepatitis A (infectious hepatitis) hepatitis B (serum hepatitis) hepatitis C (non-A, non-B) hepatitis D (delta hepatitis) hepatitis E (enterically transmitted non-A, non-B, non-C) herpes, genital HIV disease, AIDS 745–747 277, 588 632 281–284 584–585 276, 649–650 649 633 infectious mononucleosis influenza Lassa fever measles (rubeola) meningoencephalitis molluscum contagiosum monkeypox arenavirus measles herpes poxvirus group birds 333, 744–745 333, 748 276, 427, 767 767 rodents 276, 767 birds mumps pneumonia humans 276, 333, 428, 767 594–595 erythrovirus (B19) humans 277, 749 paramyxovirus adenoviruses, respiratory syncytial virus poliovirus rabies bunyavirus rodents 277, 670 poliomyelitis rabies respiratory infections Ebola virus (filovirus) Marburg virus (filovirus) arenavirus bunyavirus (Hantaan) hepatitis A humans (?) 277, 748 Rift Valley fever humans (?) 277, 747 roseola rodents and humans rodents 748 rubella (German measles) SARS (sudden acute respiratory syndrome) shingles smallpox 277, 747– 748 humans hepatitis B humans 276, 701–703 277, 703 hepatitis C humans 704 hepatitis D humans 704 hepatitis E humans 704 usually herpes simplex type 2, sometimes type humans 277, 629–631 viral enteritis warts, common (papillomas) warts, genital (condylomas) West Nile yellow fever influenza orthopoxvirus Reservoir Page 277, 628 276, 553–561 745 swine, humans (type A) humans (type B) humans (type C) rodents humans humans humans 276, 280, 514 660–664 276, 280 514, 663–669 763 663–669 748 276, 583–584 630, 768 587 humans, monkeys humans humans 587 687–688 653–655 276, 775–777 764–767 adenovirus polyomavirus bunyavirus (phlebovirus) human herpes virus-6 rubella humans all warmblooded animals humans none humans sheep, cattle humans humans 276, 582–583 coronavirus animal 669 varicella-zoster variola (major and minor) rotavirus human papillomavirus human papillomavirus West Nile yellow fever humans humans 277, 584–585 277, 585–586 humans humans 699–701 277, 587–589 humans 277, 587–589, 631–632 768 276, 279, 333, 745 birds monkeys, humans, mosquitoes 674 768 748 584 The tables of fungal and parasitic diseases appear on the following page Diseases and the Organisms that Cause Them (Concluded) UNCONVENTIONAL AGENTS Disease Agent Resevior Page chronic wasting disease Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease kuru prion prion prion elk, deer humans humans 779 777–778 778 Disease mad cow disease (bovine spongiform encephalopathy) scrapie Agent Resevior Page prion cattle 779 prion sheep 778–779 FUNGAL DISEASES Disease Organism Page Disease Organism Page aspergillosis blastomycosis Aspergillus sp Blastomyces dermatitidis Candida albicans Coccidioides immitis 591, 673 590–591 histoplasmosis Histoplasma capsulatum Pneumocystis carinii 672 589–590 Filobasidiella neoformans Claviceps purpurea 672 various species of Epidermophyton, Trichophyton, Microsporum Sporothrix schenckii Rhizopus sp., Mucor sp candidiasis coccidioidomycosis (San Joaquin valley fever) cryptococcosis ergot poisoning 591 671–672 Pneumocystis pneumonia ringworm (tinea) sporotrichosis zygomycosis 822 672–673 590 591 PARASITIC DISEASES Disease Organism Type Disease Organism Type Page Acanthamoeba keratitis African sleeping sickness (trypanosomiasis) amoebic dysentery ascariasis babesiosis balantidiasis Chagas’ disease chigger dermatitis chigger infestation Chinese liver fluke crab louse cryptosporidiosis dracunculiasis (Guinea worm) elephantiasis (filariasis) fasciiolopsiasis giardiasis heartworm disease hookworm Acanthamoeba culbertsoni Trypanosoma brucei gambiense and T brucei rhodesiense Entamoeba histolytica Ascaris lumbricoides Babesia microti Balantidium coli Trypanosoma cruzi Trombicula sp Tunga penetrans Clonorchis sinensis Phthirus pubis Cryptosporidium sp Dracunculus medinensis protozoan 436 malaria Plasmodium sp protozoan protozoan 333–334 780–782 Pediculus humanus louse protozoan roundworm protozoan protozoan protozoan mite sandflea flatworm louse protozoan roundworm 705–706 713–714 753 706–707 333, 781–783 599 599 709 600 707 329–330, 592 pediculosis (lice infestation) pinworm river blindness (onchocerciasis) scabies (sarcoptic mange) schistosomiasis sheep liver fluke (fascioliasis) strongyloidiasis 314, 441, 750–753 600 Enterobius vermicularis Onchocerca volvulus roundworm roundworm 715 595–596 Sarcoptes scabiei mite 599–600 Schistosoma sp Fasciola hepatica flatworm flatworm 327, 727–728 708–709 roundworm 714–715 flatworm flatworm 592 709–711 Wuchereria bancrofti roundworm 329, 729 flatworm Fasciolopsis buski Giardia intestinalis Dirofilaria immitis Ancylostoma duodenale (Old World hookworm) Necator americanus (New World hookworm) Leishmania braziliensis L donovani L tropica Paragonimus westermani Loa loa flatworm protozoan roundworm roundworm 709 704–705 310, 724 713 Strongyloides stercoralis Schistosoma sp Hymenolepsis nana (dwarf tapeworm) Taenia saginata (beef tapeworm) Taenia solium (pork tapeworm) Diphyllobothrium latum (fish tapeworm) Echinococcus granulosus (dog tapeworm) Toxoplasma gondii Trichinella spiralis Trichomonas vaginalis Trichuris trichiura flatworm 326, 328 709–711 709–711 flatworm 709–711 flatworm 709–711 protozoan roundworm protozoan roundworm 753–754 310, 329, 712 615–616 714 roundworm 714 leishmaniasis kala azar oriental sore liver/lung fluke (paragonimiasis) loaiasis roundworm Page swimmer’s itch tapeworm infestation (taeniasis) 713 protozoan 333, 749–750 flatworm 326, 673 roundworm 336, 596 toxoplasmosis trichinosis trichomoniasis trichuriasis (whipworm) visceral larva migrans Toxocara sp Microbiology PRINCIPLES AND EXPLORATIONS TH EDITION Microbiology PRINCIPLES AND EXPLORATIONS JACQUELYN G BLACK Marymount University, Arlington, Virginia CONTRIBUTOR: LAURA J BLACK Laura Black has been working on this book since she was ten years old She has been a contributing author for the past two editions JACQUELYN and LAURA BLACK JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC TH EDITION TO LAURA for sharing her mother and much of her childhood with that greedy sibling ‘‘the book.’’ SENIOR ACQUISITIONS EDITOR Kevin Witt OUTSIDE DEVELOPMENT EDITOR Merillat Staat ASSISTANT CONTENT EDITOR Lauren Morris SENIOR PRODUCTION EDITOR Elizabeth Swain EXECUTIVE MARKETING MANAGER Clay Stone TEXT AND COVER DESIGNER Maureen Eide DESIGN DIRECTOR Harry Nolan SENIOR ILLUSTRATION EDITOR Anna Melhorn SENIOR PHOTO EDITOR Mary Ann Price SENIOR MEDIA SPECIALIST Margarita Valdez EDITORIAL ASSISTANT Jennifer Dearden COVER IMAGE: Gene Cox/Photo Researchers, Inc AUTHOR PHOTO: Paul D Robertson This book was set in 10/12 Times Ten by Prepare and printed and bound by R R Donnelley, Jefferson City The cover was printed by Lehigh/Phoenix This book is printed on acid free paper c Founded in 1807, John Wiley & Sons, Inc has been a valued source of knowledge and understanding for more than 200 years, helping people around the world meet their needs and fulfill their aspirations Our company is built on a foundation of principles that include responsibility to the communities we serve and where we live and work In 2008, we launched a Corporate Citizenship Initiative, a global effort to address the environmental, social, economic, and ethical challenges we face in our business Among the issues we are addressing are carbon impact, paper specifications and procurement, ethical conduct within our business and among our vendors, and community and charitable support For more information, please visit our website: www.wiley.com/go/citizenship Copyright © 2012, 2008, 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Inc All rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise, except as permitted under Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, website www copyright.com Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030-5774, (201)748-6011, fax (201)748-6008, website http://www.wiley.com/go/permissions Evaluation copies are provided to qualified academics and professionals for review purposes only, for use in their courses during the next academic year These copies are licensed and may not be sold or transferred to a third party Upon completion of the review period, please return the evaluation copy to Wiley Return instructions and a free of charge return mailing label are available at www.wiley.com/go/returnlabel If you have chosen to adopt this textbook for use in your course, please accept this book as your complimentary desk copy Outside of the United States, please contact your local sales representative Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Black, Jacquelyn G Microbiology : principles and explorations / Jacquelyn G Black.—8th ed p cm Includes index ISBN 978-0-470-54109-8 (hardback) Binder-Ready Version ISBN 978-1-118-12923-4 I Title 616.9´041—dc23 2011032988 Printed in the United States of America 10 ... trichiura flatworm 326, 328 709– 711 709– 711 flatworm 709– 711 flatworm 709– 711 protozoan roundworm protozoan roundworm 753–754 310 , 329, 712 615 – 616 714 roundworm 714 leishmaniasis kala azar oriental... Jacquelyn G Microbiology : principles and explorations / Jacquelyn G Black.—8th ed p cm Includes index ISBN 978-0-470-5 410 9-8 (hardback) Binder-Ready Version ISBN 978 -1- 118 -12 923-4 I Title 616 .9´0 41 dc23... R,NA C, C, 743 726–727 411 , 688–689 C, 724 R, 411 , 689 R, R, 689 689 R, 763 R, R, R, R, R, 392, 689–690, 695 411 , 6 91 693 3 91, 690–6 91 695 597–598 C, R, 616 –620 627 R, A-F 405, 770–773