Cấu trúc các câu điều kiện

Chuyên Đề: CONDITIONAL SENTENCEC (CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN) A- INTRODUCTION ICơ sở xây dựng chuyên đề: -Dựa vào mục tiêu học chương trình học lớp 10(bài 8,9,11), lớp 11 (bài 7) Chúng thảo luận xây dựng chuyên đề nhằm nâng cao hiệu giảng dạy cho tiết học nêu II- Nội dung chuyên đề: - Conditional sentences + - Conditional sentences type + Conditional sentences type + Conditional sentences type + Complex condition - Inversion of Conditional sentences - Exercises III- Mục tiêu: Kiến thức: - Giúp học sinh nắm bước đầu sử dụng loại câu điều kiên dạng đảo ngữ chương trình học cách xác Kỹ năng: - Rèn luyện cho học sinh kỹ sử dụng ngôn ngữ theo ngữ pháp Tiếng Anh Thái độ: - Hình thành cho học sinh thói quen diễn đạt ngôn ngữ có sử dụng câu điều kiện giao tiếp IV- Biên soạn câu hỏi tập V- Thiết kế tiến trình dạy học: VI- Dạy mẫu rút kinh nghiệm: B- CONTENTS Câu Điều Kiện Câu điều kiện dùng để nêu lên giả thiết việc, mà việc xảy điều kiện nói đến xảy Câu điều kiện gồm có hai phần (hai mệnh đề): - Mệnh đề nêu lên điều kiện (còn gọi mệnh đề IF) mệnh đề phụ hay mệnh đề điều kiện - Mệnh đề nêu lên kết mệnh đề Ví dụ: If it rains - I will stay at home Mệnh đề điều kiện - mệnh đề Hai mệnh đề câu điều kiện đổi chổ cho được: mệnh đề đứng trước hai mệnh đề không cần dấu phẩy, ngược lại phải có dấu phẩy - Ví dụ: You will pass the exam if you work hard => If you work hard, you will pass the exam I Conditional sentences - 1) Câu điều kiện loại I Khái niệm câu điều kiện loại - Câu điều kiện loại I gọi câu điều kiện có thực - Điều kiện xảy tương lai • • • Cấu trúc câu điều kiện loại If + S + V (hiện tại), S + will + V (nguyên mẫu) IF + Chủ ngữ + Động từ chia đơn + Bổ ngữ, Chủ ngữ + WILL + Động từ nguyên mẫu + Bổ ngữ (nếu có) Nói cách khác, câu điều kiện loại 1, mệnh đề IF dùng đơn, mệnh đề dùng tương lai đơn Chủ ngữ chủ ngữ trùng Bổ ngữ không có, tùy ý nghĩa câu Mệnh đề IF mệnh đề đứng trước hay sau Trong câu điều kiện loại I, động từ mệnh đề điều kiện chia đơn, động từ mệnh đề chia tương lai đơn Ví dụ: If you come into my garden, my dog will bite you If it is sunny, I will go fishing Cách dùng câu điều kiện loại 1: Câu điều kiện loại gọi câu điều kiện có thật Ta sử dụng câu điều kiện loại để đặt điều kiện thực nêu kết xảy Nếu Câu Điều Kiện Diễn Tả Thói Quen Hoặc Một Sự Thật Hiển Nhiên Câu điều kiện diễn tả thói quen, hành động thường xuyên xảy điều kiện đáp ứng, diễn tả thật hiễn nhiên, kết tất yếu xảy Cấu trúc: If + S + V (hiện tại), S + V (hiện tại) Tất động từ câu (mệnh đề mệnh đề điều kiện) chia đơn • • Nếu diễn tả thói quen, mệnh đề thường xuất thêm: often, usually, or always Exs: I often drink milk if I not sleep at night I usually walk to school if I have enough time If you heat ice, it turns to water If we are cold, we shiver (2) Câu điều kiện loại II Khái niệm câu điều kiện loại 2: - Câu điều kiện loại II gọi câu điều kiện thực - Điều kiện xảy tương lai, điều kiện giả thiết, ước muốn trái ngược với thực trạng Cấu trúc câu điều kiện loại If + S + V (quá khứ), S + would + V (nguyên mẫu) - Trong câu điều kiện loại II, động từ mệnh đề điều kiện chia bang thái cách (past subjunctive), động từ mệnh đề chia điều kiện (simple conditional) Chú ý: Bàng thái cách (Past subjunctive) hình thức chia động từ giống hệt khư đơn, riêng động từ “to be” dùng “were” cho tất Ví dụ: If I were a bird, I would be very happy If I had a million USD, I would buy that car • • (3) Câu điều kiện loại III Khái niệm câu điều kiện loại 3: Câu điều kiện loại III câu điều kiện thực khứ Điều kiện xảy khứ, mang tính ước muốn khứ, giả thiết trái ngược với thực trạng khứ Cấu trúc câu điều kiện loại If + S + had + P.P (quá khứ phân từ), S + would + have + P.P • • - Trong câu điều kiện loại III, động từ mệnh đề điều kiện chia khứ phân từ, động từ mệnh đề chia điều kiện hoàn thành (perfect conditional) Ví dụ: If he had come to see me yesterday, I would have taken him to the movies (Nếu hôm qua đến thăm tôi đưa xem phim rồi.) If I hadn’t been absent yesterday, I would have met him (Nếu hôm qua không vắng mặt gặp mặt rồi.) Câu điều kiện Hỗn hợp: Trong tiếng Anh có nhiều cách khác dùng diễn tả điều kiện mệnh đề điều kiện với "If" Ngoài loại nêu trên, số loại sau sử dụng giao tiếp ngôn ngữ viết: Ví dụ: If he worked harder at school, he would be a student now (He is not a student now) If I had taken his advice, I would be rich now Câu điều kiện dạng đảo Trong tiếng Anh câu điều kiện loại 2/3, Type Type thường dùng dạng đảo Ví dụ: Were I the president, I would build more hospitals Had I taken his advice, I would be rich now *Inversion of Conditional sentences II.Đảo ngữ câu điều kiện 1.Đảo ngữ câu điều kiện loại 1: Should + S + Vo, S + Will +Vo Ex:If he has free time, he’ll play tennis => Should he have free time, he’ll play tennis Đảo ngữ câu điều kiện loại 2: Were + S + to + Vo, S + Would + Vo Ex:If I learnt Russian, I would read a Russian book => Were I to learn Russian, I would read a Russian book Đảo ngữ câu điều kiện loại 3: Had + S + V3/Ved, S + Would have + V3/Ved Ex:If he had trained hard, he would have won the match => Had he trained hard, he would have won the match • • • • * If ….not = Unless - Unless thường dùng câu điều kiện - lúc Unless = If not Exs: Unless we start at once, we will be late If we don't start at once we will be late Unless you study hard, you won't pass the exams If you don't study hard, you won't pass the exams Một số biến thể câu điều kiện: LOẠI I A Biến thể cụm động từ mệnh đề (main clause) - Đối với trường hợp muốn nhấn mạnh tính xảy việc If + present simple, may/might + V-inf Ex If the weather gets worse, the flight may/might be delayed - Đối với trường hợp thể đồng ý, cho phép, gợi ý If + present simple, may/can + V-inf Ex If it stops raining, we can go out - Đối với câu gợi ý, khuyên răn, đề nghị yêu cầu nhấn mạnh hành động If + present simple, would like to/must/have to/should + V-inf Ex If you go to the library today, I would like to go with you If you want to lose weight, you should some exercise - Đối với trường hợp muốn diễn tả hậu tất yếu điều kiện đặt theo quy luật thói quen - Đối với trường hợp xảy tương lai nhấn mạnh trạng thái diễn ra/hoàn thành việc If + present simple, future continuous/future perfect Ex If we leave Hanoi for Hue today, we shall be staying in Hue tomorrow If you your home work right now, you will have finished it in hours' time - Đối với câu mệnh lệnh (chủ ngữ ẩn mệnh đề chính) If + present simple, (do not) V-inf Ex If you are hungry, go to a restaurant If you feel cold, don't open the door - Đối với câu khuyên răn, trường hợp không thực câu điều kiện "if" mang nghĩa "as, since, because" If + present simple, why (not) + V-inf Ex If you like the movie, why don't you go to the cinema? B Biến thể cụm động từ mệnh đề điều kiện (if-clause) - Đối với trường hợp xảy If + present continuous, simple future Ex If he is working, I won't disturb him If you are doing exercises, I shall wait If I am playing a nice game, don't put me to bed.(tương đương simple future) Đối với trường hợp "if" sử dụng liên từ dùng để bắt đầu mệnh đề phụ trạng ngữ điều kiện thời gian, lúc "if = when" - WHEN: dùng diễn tả điều chắn xảy Ex I am going to some shopping today When I go shopping, I'll buy you some coffee - IF: dùng diễn tả điều không chắn (có thể không thể) xảy tương lai Ex I may go shopping today If I go shopping, I'll buy you some coffee LOẠI II A Mệnh đề (main clause) - If + past simple, would/should/could/might/had to/ought to + be V-ing Ex If we left Hanoi for Hue this morning, we would be staying in Hue tomorrow - If + past simple, past simple (việc xảy ra) Ex If the goalkeeper didn't catch the ball, they lost - If + past simple, would be + V-ing Ex If I were on holiday with him, I would/might be touring Italy now - If dùng "as, since, because" kết hợp với động từ nhiều khác mệnh đề không thực câu điều kiện Ex If you knew her troubles, why didn't you tell me? B Mệnh đề phụ (if-clause) - If + past continuous, would/could + V-inf Ex If we were studying English in London now, we could speak English much better - If + past perfect, would/could + V-inf Ex If you had taken my advice, you would be a millionaire now LOẠI III - If + past perfect, could/might + present perfect Ex If we had found him earlier, we could have saved his life - If + past perfect, present perfect continuous Ex If you had left Hanoi for Haiphong last Saturday, you would have been swimming in Doson last Sunday - If + past perfect, would + V-inf Ex If she had followedmy advice, she would be richer now If you had taken the medicine yesterday, you would be better now Bài tập thực hành Câu Điều Kiện I Put the verb in brackets into the correct form If the earth suddenly (stop) ………… spinning we all (fly) ………… off it If you (smoke) …… in a non-smoking compartment the other passengers (object) …… (your parents / not / be) ……………… proud if they could see you now? I’m broke, but I (have) ………… plenty of money now if I (not / spend) ………… so much yesterday If we (work) ……………all right, we (finish) ……………in time; but we have no intention of doing it If we (have) …………… a submarine now, we (use) …………it to investigate the seabed Were he ten years younger, he (take) …………… part in the voyage around the world Should you come late, they (not let) ……………… you in He might get rid of his cough if he (not smoke) ……………so much 10 If someone (give) …………….you a boat what you (do) …………… ? 11 Water (freeze) …………… if the temperature falls below zero 12 I (warn) ………… you if I had seen you last week 13 He always says hello if he (see) ………… you 14 What would you if he (resign) …………… tomorrow? 15 I wouldn’t have been so upset if Judy (write) ……………… to me earlier 16 Shout if you (see) ………… anything unusually 17 The engine starts if you (turn) …………… this key 18 If he weren’t so bad-temperature, his wife (not leave) …………….him so soon after the marriage 19 What (you / say) ………………….if I offered you a job? 20 The children always (get) ………….frightened if they watch horror films 21 If it (not be) _ for you, I would be late 22 I can’t help feeling sorry for the hungry children If only there (be) peace in the world 23 Were I to become president, my first act (be) to help the poor 24 If he (listen) _ to his father’s advice, he would still be working here 25 If she hadn’t stayed up late last night, she (not / be) tired now 26 I feel as if my head (be) _ on fire now, doctor 27 He always talks as though he (address) at a public meeting 28 It was our fault to keep you waiting so long We (inform) _ you in advance 29 Had I known her address, I (go) _ to visit her 30 He looked frightened as if he (see) _ a ghost II- Rewrite each sentence, beginning as shown Complete each of the following sentences so that it means the same as the sentence before i.t She doesn’t live in London because she doesn’t know anyone there  She’d ……………………………………………………………… I can’t live in the country because I can’t find a job there  I’d ……………………………………………………………… I don’t have a spare ticket I can’t take you to the concert  If I ……………………………………………………………… The schoolchildren sowed some seeds, but they forgot to water them so they didn’t grow  If the children ……………………………………………………… They don’t understand the problem They won’t find a solution  If they …………………………………………………………… He sits around too much He isn’t fit  If he ……………………………………………………………… Carol didn’t answer the phone because she was studying  If Carol …………………………………………………… Rita is exhausted today because she didn’t get any sleep last night  If Rita ……………………………………………………… She’s very thin; perhaps that’s why she feels cold so much  If she …………………………………………………… 10 He never polishes his shoes, so he never looks smart  If he …………………………………………………… 11 He can’t park near his office; that’s why he doesn’t come by car  If he …………………………………………………… 12 My house is guarded by two big dogs That’s the only reason it isn’t broken into every night  If my house ………………………………………………………… 13 The flats are not clearly numbered, so it is very difficult to find anyone  If the flats … ……………………………………………………… 14 I don’t know her e-mail address, so I can’t tell you  If I …………………………………………………………………… 15 She works in the evening She has no time to play with her children  If she ………………………………………………………………… 16 I don’t want them to be upset, so I’ve decided not to tell them what happened  They …………………………………………………………… 17 I am not tall enough to join the basketball team  If I …………………………………………………………………… 18 He doesn’t see the signal so he doesn’t stop his car  If he ………………………………………………………………… 19 Peter gets bad marks because he doesn’t prepare his lessons well  If Peter ……………………………………………………………… 20 Mary doesn’t have enough money She can’t buy a new car  If Mary ……………………………………………………………… 21.If you arrive at the office earlier than I do, please turn on the airconditioner => Should…………………………………………………………………………… 22.He died so young; otherwise, he would be a famous musician by now =>Had …………………………………………………………………………… 23.You must tell me the whole truth or I won’t help you => Unless…………………………………………………………………………… 24.The car breaks down so often because you don’t take good care of it => Were I…………………………………………………………………………… 25.We won’t go away if the weather is bad => UNLESS……………………………………………………… 26.I didn’t have the money, so I didn’t buy a new suit => WOULD………………………………………………………………… 27.If they offered you the job, would you accept? =>WERE…………………………………………………………………… 28 But for Helen, the play would be a flop => WERE……………………………………………………………………… 29.Without you, I would have given up years ago => BEEN…………………………………………………………………………… 30.She got married at such an early age: otherwise, she would be at university now => Had ………………………………………………………………………………………… … III- Choose the best option 1- It would have been a much more serious accident……… fast at the time A- had she been driving B- was she driving C- she had driven D- she drove 2- Can I borrow your car for this evening? – Sure, but Nora’s using it right now If she … it back, you are welcome to borrow it A- brought B- would bring C- will bring D- brings 3- I didn’t get home until well after midnight last night Otherwise, I…… your call A- returned B- had returned C- would return D- would have returned 4- If energy………inexpensive and unlimited, many things in the world would be different A- is B- will be C- were D- would be 5- We……… the game if we’d had a few more minutes A_ might have won B- won C- had won D- will win 6- I………Alan with me if I had known you and he didn’t get along with each other A_ hadn’t brought B- didn’t bring C- wouldn’t have brought D- won’t bring 7- The lecturer last night didn’t know what he was talking about, but if Dr Mason………, I would have listened carefully A- had been lecturing B- was lecturing C- would lecture Dlectured 8- If you………to my advice in the first place, you wouldn’t be in this mess right now A- listen B- will listen C- had listened D- listened 9- ………… interested in that subject, I would try to learn more about it A- Were I B- Should I C- I was D- If I am 10- If I………the same problems you had as a child, I might not have succeeded in life as well as you have A- have B- would have C- had had D- should have 11- I…………you sooner had someone told me you were in hospital A- would have visited B- visited C- had visited D- visit 12- ……….more help, I could call my neighbor A- Needed B- Should I need C- I have needed D- I should need 13- ……… then what I know today, I would have saved myself a lot of time and trouble over the years A- Had I known B- Did I know C- If I know D- If I would know 14- I didn’t know you were asleep Otherwise, I………… so much noise when I came in A- didn’t make B- wouldn’t have made c- won’t make D- don’t make 15- When I stopped talking, Sam finished my sentence for me as though he………… my mind A- would read D- had read C- reads D- can read 16- If you………., I would have brought my friends over to your house this evening to watch TV, but I didn’t want to bother you A- had studied B- studied C- hadn’t been studying D- didn’t study 17- I wish I……… you some money for your rent, but I’m broke myself A- can lend B- could lend C- would lend D- will lend 18- “Are you lost?” – “I think so I wish we……… the map with us today.” A- were bringing B- brought C- had brought D- would bring 19- If I weren’t working for an accounting firm, I………… in a bank A- work B- will work C- have worked D- would be working 20- What……… today if you hadn’t come here this weekend?” – “I guess I’d be putting on extra hours at my office.” A- did you - can you C- will you be doing D- would you be doing 21 If you didn't wear shabby clothes, you _ more good-looking A will be B would be C would have beenD can be 22 If your hair _ grey now, what you ? A went / would / B goes / would /do C had gone / would/do D had gone / would have / done 23 If you be someone, who you ? A could / would / have been B could / would / be C can / will / be D are able to / will / be 24 If I an Angel, I would try to make happy all the children A am B have been C were D had been 25 John would be taking a great risk if he _ his money in that business A would invest B invested C had invested D invests 26 It if nobody had reminded them A would have be forgot B would have been forgot C would have forget D would have been forget 27 The car if somebody takes it there A will be repaired B would be repaired C will been repaired D is repair 28 You to prison if you did that A would be send B would have been sent C would be sent D were sent 29 You would study Italian if it _ here A was teaching B were taught C would be taught D is taught 30 It _ if nobody reminded them A was forgotten B would be forget C would be forgot D would forgot 31 The magazine _ by more people if it had better articles A would be reading B would read C would be read D been read 32 The joke would not be funny if it _ into French A were translated B is translated C was be translated D translated 33 A doctor _ if somebody falls ill A will be cold for B will be called for C will call for D would be call for 34 Would she go if she _? A were invited B was be invited C have been invited D be invited 35 He _ the death penalty if he were found guilty A would be given B would be gave C would given D were given 36 Who would have won the World War II if the nuclear bomb _ by the Nazus first A had be produced B had produced C had been produced D would be produc 37 The room if it is not empty A couldn’t be repainted B cannot be repainted C could be repainted D can be repainted 38 He _ the death penalty if he had been found guilty A would has given B would has been given C would have given D would have been given 39 The cars _ if we had not done such a huge advertising campaign A would not have been bought B would not have be bought C would have been bought D would not had been bought 40 If I were a better conversationalist , _ to parties more often? A I would be invited B I would have been invited C would I be invited D would I have been invited ... Conditional sentences - 1) Câu điều kiện loại I Khái niệm câu điều kiện loại - Câu điều kiện loại I gọi câu điều kiện có thực - Điều kiện xảy tương lai • • • Cấu trúc câu điều kiện loại If + S + V... (2) Câu điều kiện loại II Khái niệm câu điều kiện loại 2: - Câu điều kiện loại II gọi câu điều kiện thực - Điều kiện xảy tương lai, điều kiện giả thiết, ước muốn trái ngược với thực trạng Cấu trúc. .. (3) Câu điều kiện loại III Khái niệm câu điều kiện loại 3: Câu điều kiện loại III câu điều kiện thực khứ Điều kiện xảy khứ, mang tính ước muốn khứ, giả thiết trái ngược với thực trạng khứ Cấu trúc