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Learning objectives of this chapter include: Describe the medical specialties of allergy, cardiology, dermatology, endocrinology, gastroenterology, neurology, oncology, and orthopedics; identify common diseases and disorders related to cardiology, dermatology, endocrinology, gastroenterology, neurology, oncology, and orthopedics;...
CHAPTER 42 Assisting in Other Medical Specialties © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part 42-2 Learning Outcomes (cont.) 42.1 Describe the medical specialties of allergy, cardiology, dermatology, endocrinology, gastroenterology, neurology, oncology, and orthopedics 42.2 Identify common diseases and disorders related to cardiology, dermatology, endocrinology, gastroenterology, neurology, oncology, and orthopedics © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part 42-3 Learning Outcomes (cont.) 42.3 Relate the role of the medical assistant in examinations and procedures performed in the medical specialties of allergy, cardiology, dermatology, endocrinology, gastroenterology, neurology, oncology, and orthopedics © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part 42-4 Introduction • The medical assistant working for a specialist will – Assist with the examinations – Assist with diagnostic testing and processing specimens – Address common concerns and questions – Perform basic administrative and clinical skills © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part 42-5 Working in Other Medical Specialties • Allergy – Allergist – Allergies ~ inappropriate immune responses – Allergic reaction ~ inflammation and tissue damage • Local • Systemic • Anaphylaxis © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part 42-6 Cardiology • Cardiologist – heart disease and disorders • Be familiar with – The structure of the cardiovascular system – Typical exams and measurements – Common heart diseases and treatments – Diagnostic tests © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part 42-7 Dermatology • Dermatologists – skin diseases and disorders • Medical assistant must – Understand elements of dermatologic exams and procedures – Be familiar with skin disorders and treatments – Understand terminology © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part 42-8 Endocrinology • Endocrinologists – diseases and disorders related to glands and hormones • Medical assistant – Assists with examinations – Collects specimens for analysis © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part 42-9 Gastroenterology • Gastroenterologists – disorders of the GI tract, liver and pancreas • Medical assistant – Understands the basic elements of GI exam and procedures – Become familiar with GI disorders, treatments, and terminology – Patient education ~ prepares for the exams © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part 42-10 Neurology • Neurologists – diseases and disorders of the central nervous system • Medical assistant – Assists with examination – Perform diagnostic testing – Educates patients © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part 42-39 Neurologic Exams and Diagnostic Testing • The neurologist evaluates – Cognitive function – Motor system – Cranial nerves – Reflexes – Sensory system © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part Neurologic Exams and Diagnostic Testing (cont.) 42-40 • Electroencephalography (EEG) • Imaging procedures – Cerebral angiography – Brain scan – Computed tomography (CT scan) © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part Neurologic Exams and Diagnostic Testing (cont.) 42-41 • Imaging procedures (cont.) – Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) – Positron emission tomography (PET scan) – Myelography – Skull X-rays © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part Neurologic Exams and Diagnostic Testing (cont.) 42-42 • Lumbar puncture – Diagnose infection – Measure CSF pressure – Check for blood or proteins • Electromyography – neuromuscular disorders or nerve damage © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part 42-43 Oncology Exams and Diagnostic Testing • Biopsy – Incisional or open – Needle • Medical Assistant – Standard Precautions, sterile technique – Specimen preparation and labeling – Clean and bandage site © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part Oncology Exams and Diagnostic Testing (cont.) 42-44 • X-rays • CT scans and MRI • Blood tests to detect tumor markers • Ultrasonography © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part 42-45 Cancer Treatment • A combination of treatments is used • Surgery – Removal of all or part of the tumor – Most effective if tumor contained or localized • Radiation therapy – Kills or stop the growth of tumor cells – Damages cells the undergo rapid division © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part 42-46 Cancer Treatment • Chemotherapy – Anticancer drugs administered to kill malignant cells – Used alone or in combination – Highly toxic ~ use PPE © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part 42-47 Orthopedic Exam and Procedures • Assessment by – Inspection – Palpation – Diagnostic tests • Medical assistant – Drape – Position and support patient – Patient instructions © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part 42-48 Orthopedic Exam and Procedures (cont.) • Bone and muscle biopsies • Electromyography • Urine and blood tests • Radiographic exams – X-rays – CT scan and MRI – Angiography – Diskography – Arthrography – Bone scans © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part 42-49 Orthopedic Exam and Procedures (cont.) • Arthroscopy – View of the inside of a joint – Arthroscope • Joint replacement surgery © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part 42-50 Apply Your Knowledge ANSWER: True or False: _ F An ECG tests the function of the heart through reflected sound waves echocardiogram T A scratch test uses extracts of suspected allergens to test for _ specific allergies T An ultraviolet lamp is used in a Wood’s light examination F A colonoscopy examines only the sigmoid portion of the colon sigmoidoscopy T A PET scan studies the blood flow and metabolic activity of the brain F T needle A needle aspiration is performed using an open biopsy Arthroscopy is used to visualize the inside of a joint © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part 42-51 In Summary 42.1 The medical specialties discussed in this chapter include: allergy, cardiology, dermatology, endocrinology, gastroenterology, neurology, oncology, and orthopedics 42.2 Many common diseases and disorders are identified in the specialty practices You should have an understanding of the implications of these diseases on the patient and the necessary treatments © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part 42-52 In Summary (cont.) 42.3 Exams and diagnostic tests performed in allergy, cardiology, dermatology, endocrinology, gastroenterology, neurology, oncology, and orthopedics specialties are numerous During most of these exams and tests, your role may include patient safety and comfort, educating the patient about the necessary preparation and the procedure, and assisting the physician © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part 42-53 End of Chapter 42 Diagnosis is not the end, but the beginning of practice ~Martin H Fischer © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part ... distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part Exam and Procedures in Medical Specialties 42- 24 • Allergy exams and testing – medical history and diagnostic testing • Medical assistant – Assist... Dermatologists – skin diseases and disorders • Medical assistant must – Understand elements of dermatologic exams and procedures – Be familiar with skin disorders and treatments – Understand terminology... 42- 3 Learning Outcomes (cont.) 42. 3 Relate the role of the medical assistant in examinations and procedures performed in the medical specialties of allergy, cardiology, dermatology, endocrinology,