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After studying this chapter you will be able to: Discuss the importance of first aid during a medical emergency, identify items found on a crash cart, recognize various accidental emergencies and how to deal with them, list common illnesses that can result in medical emergencies, identify less common illnesses that can result in medical emergencies,...
CHAPTER 57 Emergency Preparedness © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part 57-2 Learning Outcomes 57.1 Discuss the importance of first aid during a medical emergency 57.2 Identify items found on a crash cart 57.3 Recognize various accidental emergencies and how to deal with them 57.4 List common illnesses that can result in medical emergencies 57.5 Identify less common illnesses that can result in medical emergencies © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part 57-3 Learning Outcomes 57.6 Discuss your role in caring for people with psychosocial emergencies 57.7 Carry out the procedure for calming a patient who is under extreme stress 57.8 Discuss ways to educate patients about how to prevent and respond to emergencies 57.9 Illustrate your role in responding to natural disasters and pandemic illness 57.10 Discuss your role in responding to acts of bioterrorism © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part 57-4 Introduction • Emergencies – Acute illnesses – Injuries – Phone calls from patients with urgent problems – Disasters The medical assistant must be prepared to determine the urgency of and handle any emergencies that arise © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part 57-5 Understanding Medical Emergencies • Any situation requiring immediate care • First aid – Save a life – Reduce pain – Prevent further injury – Reduce the risk of permanent disability – Increase the chance of early recovery © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part 57-6 Apply Your Knowledge Why is it important to perform first aid in a medical emergency? ANSWER: First aid can: Save a life Prevent further injury Reduce pain Reduce risk of permanent disability Increase the chance of early recovery © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part 57-7 Preparing Medical Emergencies • Preparing the Office – Know what is expected of you – Post emergency telephone numbers • At every telephone • On the Crash cart or first aid tray © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part 57-8 Preparing the Office (cont.) • Provide information to EMS – Your name and location – Nature of the emergency – Number of people needing help – Condition of the injured or ill patient(s) – Summary of the first aid already given – Directions to your location Do not hang up until the dispatcher gives you permission to so © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part 57-9 Preparing for Medical Emergencies (cont.) • Emergency and first-aid supplies – Crash cart / tray • Basic drugs, supplies, and equipment for medical emergencies • First-aid kit for minor injuries and ailments – Must be routinely checked and restocked © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part 57-10 Guidelines for Handling Emergencies • Medical assistants – Recognize lifethreatening condition – Take appropriate actions • Patient emergencies – Assess the situation – PPE – Assess patient • Initial assessment General impression Level of responsiveness Assess CABs Urgency of condition Focused exam Document © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part 57-46 Common Psychosocial Emergencies • Spousal, child, and elder abuse • Drug or alcohol abuse • Depression / suicide • Violent behavior – Office protocols – Document • Report of rape – chain of custody Remember legal obligation to report spousal, child, and elder abuse as well as rape © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part 57-47 Apply Your Knowledge Mrs Jamison tells you that she is very tired of being ill and often thinks of “ending it all.” She then laughs and says she was just kidding What is/are your responsibilities in this matter? ANSWER: You should allow her to talk about her feelings and despite the fact that she said she was “just kidding” you should take her seriously The physician should be told of her comments You may be asked to provide her with information on community services available You should document her comments and your actions © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part 57-48 The Patient Under Stress • Extreme stress – Behavior different from normal – Unable to focus or follow directions • Challenges – Non-English speaking – Visual and hearing impairments • Keep victims and family calm © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part 57-49 Educating the Patient • How to prevent and handle medical emergencies • Encourage patients and families to learn first aid and CPR • How to access EMS • Post emergency phone numbers • How to childproof homes © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part 57-50 Apply Your Knowledge True or False: ANSWER: differently F All people react the same during an emergency _ T Patients should be encouraged to learn CPR and first aid _ F Challenges to dealing with patients during an emergency _ include visual and hearing impairments and Englishspeaking people nonT Patients should be instructed on how to prevent _ emergencies F It is not important to keep the victim of an emergency _ calm Very © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part 57-51 Disasters and Pandemics • Be familiar with standard protocols for responding to disasters • Participate in practice drills • Evacuation and Shelter-in-Place Plans – Means of communication during and after an emergency – Alert should distinguish between the two © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part 57-52 Pandemic Illness • Establish a plan – Identification and isolation patients – Communication and reporting – Occupational health – Education and training – Respiratory hygiene © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part 57-53 Bioterrorism • Intentional release of a biologic agent with the intent to harm individuals • Biologic agent = weapon –Easy to disseminate –High potential for mortality –Cause public panic or social disruption –Requires public health preparedness © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part 57-54 Bioterrorism (cont.) • Physician’s offices are the front lines –Individual cases –Common trends in syndromes/unusual patterns • Triage – classification of injured victims –Emergent –Urgent –Nonurgent –Dead © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part 57-55 Apply Your Knowledge What is the difference between evacuation and sheltering-in-place? ANSWER: When an evacuation is called – everyone leaves the premises following routes on posted maps For shelter-in-place everyone in the office take refuge in an internal room with few or no windows What criteria does a biologic agent have to meet to be a biological weapon? ANSWER: It must be easy to disseminate, have a high potential for mortality, cause public panic, and require public health preparedness © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part 57-56 In Summary 57.1 Prompt and appropriate first aid can save a life, reduce pain, prevent further injury, reduce the risk of permanent disability, and increase the chance of early recovery 57.2 The crash cart should include all appropriate drugs, supplies, and equipment needed for emergencies 57.3 Accidental injuries you may encounter include bites and stings; burns; choking; ear trauma; eye trauma; falls; fractures, dislocations, sprains, and strains; head injuries; hemorrhaging; multiple injuries; poisoning; weather-related injuries; and wounds © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part 57-57 In Summary (cont.) 57.4 Common illnesses that may cause a medical emergency include abdominal pain, asthma, dehydration, diarrhea, fainting, fever, hyperventilation, nosebleed, tachycardia, and vomiting 57.5 Less common illnesses you may encounter in a medical office include anaphylaxis, bacterial meningitis, diabetic emergencies, gallbladder attack, heart attack, hematemesis, obstetric emergencies, respiratory arrest, seizures, shock, stroke, toxic shock syndrome, and viral encephalitis © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part 57-58 In Summary (cont.) 57.6 Psychosocial emergencies in the medical office include drug or alcohol abuse, spousal abuse, child abuse, elder abuse, and rape As a medical assistant, you may be involved in the direct care of someone suffering a psychosocial emergency or you may arrange for their care at an outside agency 57.7 A medical assistant can help calm a patient under stress by listening carefully and giving her or his full attention © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part 57-59 In Summary (cont.) 57.8 Medical assistants should educate patients about ways to prevent and handle various medical emergencies 57.9 During a disaster, a medical assistant’s first-aid and CPR training will be of enormous help A medical assistant also must be familiar with standard protocols for responding to disasters and pandemic illness 57.10 Physicians’ offices will be on the front lines if a biologic agent is intentionally released as an act of terror Be aware of unusual patterns of disease in patients being seen at your office © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part 57-60 End of Chapter 57 In the sick room, ten cents' worth of human understanding equals ten dollars' worth of medical science ~ Martin H Fischer © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part .. .57- 2 Learning Outcomes 57. 1 Discuss the importance of first aid during a medical emergency 57. 2 Identify items found on a crash cart 57. 3 Recognize various accidental emergencies and how... website, in whole or part 57- 9 Preparing for Medical Emergencies (cont.) • Emergency and first-aid supplies – Crash cart / tray • Basic drugs, supplies, and equipment for medical emergencies • First-aid... to educate patients about how to prevent and respond to emergencies 57. 9 Illustrate your role in responding to natural disasters and pandemic illness 57. 10 Discuss your role in responding to