Lecture Marine environmental studies Topic MARPOL

Lecture Marine environmental studies, this topic provides knowledge of MARPOL. The following will be discussed in this topic: Causes of major oil spills, history of MARPOL, Torrey Canyon, history of MARPOL 73, special areas for garbage,...

Intro duc tio n: afte r e ve ry majo r ac c ide nt, ne w re g ulatio ns :     1912: Titanic – Safety Of Life at Sea (SOLAS) 1967: Torrey Canyon – Maritime Pollution (MARPOL) and CLC 1969 1985: Achille Lauro: Aviation and Maritime Security Act 2001: International Ship and Port Facility Security Code Torrey Canyon – Channel 1967 S o me o the r majo r s pills :        1978 – 1979 – 1983 – MT 1989 – 1991 – 1993 – 2002 – Amoco Cadiz – France – 223,000 MT Atlantic Empress- Tobago – 287,000 MT Castillo de Bellver – S.Africa – 252,000 Exxon Valdez – Alaska 37,000 MT ABT Summer – off Angola – 260,000 MT Braer – Shetland Isles – 85,000 MT Prestige – Spain – 77,000 MT Map showing major oil spills Amo c o Cadiz – S pain - 1978 Brae r – S he tland Is lands – 1983 Pre s tig e – S pain – 2002 Caus e s o f majo r o il s pills :       34 % : Grounding 28 % : Collisions 13 % : Hull fractures % : Fire and Explosions % : Loading/Discharging % : Others His to ry o f MARPOL ins pire d by:        In 1967 the Torrey Canyon ran aground 120,000 tons of crude oil lost Biggest incident up to that time Questions of measures for prevention Existing compensation culture - limited 1969 the IMO assembly decided to hold an international conference 1973 conference held ANNEX IV – S EWAGE     Sewage means; Drainage and other wastes from any form of toilets & urinals Drainage from medical premises (dispensary, sick bays, etc.) via wash basins, wash tubs, and scuppers located in such premises Drainage from spaces containing living animals Other waste water when mixed with the drainage defined above ANNEX IV – S EWAGE    Crite ria for the dis charge of s e wage are as follows : The ship must be proceeding en-route at least at a speed of knots In addition, there must be a sewage treatment plant and a holding tank If the sewage has been disinfected and comminuted, then it can be discharged at a distance of not less than nautical miles from the nearest land Crite ria fo r dis c harg e o f s e wag e c o nt’d   If the sewage has not been disinfected and comminuted, then it can be discharged at a distance of not less than 12 nautical miles from the nearest land “The rate of dis charge m us t be m ode rate ” ANNEX V – GARBAGE   Garbage means; All kinks of victual, domestic and operational waste excluding fresh fish and parts thereof, generated during the normal operation of the ship and liable to be disposed of continuously or periodically except those substances which are defined or listed in other annexes of MARPOL ANNEX V – GARBAGE       Garbage is categorized in categories as below: Category 1: Plastics ( can never be disposed off at sea Category 2: Floating Dunnage, Lining, Packaging materials Category 3: Ground paper product, Rags, Glass, Metals (Less than 25mm) Category 4: Cargo residuals, paper products, Glass, Metal Food Wastes ANNEX V – GARBAGE    It is a requirement for ships to carry garbage record books and garbage management plan The disposal of plastics is completely banned There is the requirement for ships to carry placards indicating to both crew and passengers on how garbage must be disposed off S pe c ial are as fo r g arbag e          Wider Caribbean region Black sea Red sea Mediterranean Gulf of Aden Gulf area Baltic sea Antarctic sea North western European waters S pe c ial are as fo r g arbag e Garbage Disposal Requirement 40 Ports and Shipping Department 18 May 2017 41 18 May 2017 ANNEX VI – AIR POLLUTION This annex also contains regulations dealing with air pollution by various substances:  Sulphur Oxide (SO2)  Carbon dioxide (CO2)  Nitrogen Oxides (NOX)  Ozone depleting substances (ODS’s) 43 18 May 2017 S ulp hur Oxid e Em is s io n Co ntro l Are a (S OXECA)    The maximum sulphur content of fuel is 45% but if a ship is in the SOXECA, then the maximum sulphur content must be 1.5% Baltic Sea area is the only SOXECA present It is required under this annex to obtain and keep the bunke r de live ry note for at least three (3) years ... like 73 was going to fail His to ry o f MARPOL 78  Response to a number of tanker incidents MARPOL Co nve ntio n     Prevention of pollution in the marine environment Combination of two treaties... from ships MARPOL 73/78  Inte rnatio nal Co nve ntio n fo r the Pre ve ntio n o f Po llutio n fro m S hips , 1973, as mo difie d by the Pro to c o l o f 1978 re lating the re to (MARPOL)  The... grouped into four categories: A, B, C & D A – causing the most harm to the marine environment D – causing the least harm to the marine environment S pe c ial Are as     special areas have been