The Little Black Book of Pediatrics Series Editor: Daniel K Onion Chiedza G Jokonya, MD, MRCPCH Maine Dartmouth Family Medicine Residency Program Augusta, Maine Sydney R Sewall, MD, MPH Kennebec Pediatrics Augusta, Maine World Headquarters Jones & Bartlett Learning 40 Tall Pine Drive Sudbury, MA 01776 978-443-5000 info@jblearning.com www.jblearning.com Jones & Bartlett Learning Canada 6339 Ormindale Way Mississauga, Ontario L5V 1J2 Canada Jones & Bartlett Learning International Barb House, Barb Mews London W6 7PA United Kingdom Jones & Bartlett Learning books and products are available through most bookstores and online booksellers To contact Jones & Bartlett Learning directly, call 800-832-0034, fax 978-443-8000, or visit our website, www.jblearning.com Substantial discounts on bulk quantities of Jones & Bartlett Learning publications are available to corporations, professional associations, and other qualified organizations For details and specific discount information, contact the special sales department at Jones & Bartlett Learning via the above contact information or send an email to specialsales@jblearning.com Copyright © 2012 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC All rights reserved No part of the material protected by this copyright may be reproduced or utilized in any form, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission from the copyright owner The authors, editor, and publisher have made every effort to provide accurate information However, they are not responsible for errors, omissions, or for any outcomes related to the use of the contents of this book and take no responsibility for the use of the products and procedures described Treatments and side effects described in this book may not be applicable to all people; likewise, some people may require a dose or experience a side effect that is not described herein Drugs and medical devices are discussed that may have limited availability controlled by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use only in a research study or clinical trial Research, clinical practice, and government regulations often change the accepted standard in this field When consideration is being given to use of any drug in the clinical setting, the healthcare provider or reader is responsible for determining FDA status of the drug, reading the package insert, and reviewing prescribing information for the most up-to-date recommendations on dose, precautions, and contraindications, and determining the appropriate usage for the product This is especially important in the case of drugs that are new or seldom used Production Credits Senior Acquisitions Editor: Nancy Anastasi Duffy Editorial Assistant: Sara Cameron Associate Production Editor: Laura Almozara Marketing Manager: Rebecca Rockel V.P., Manufacturing and Inventory Control: Therese Connell Project Management: Thistle Hill Publishing Services, LLC Composition: Dedicated Business Solutions Cover Design: Anne Spencer/Kristin E Parker Cover Image: © Photos.com Printing and Binding: Malloy, Inc Cover Printing: Malloy, Inc Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Jokonya, Chiedza G The little black book of pediatrics / Chiedza G Jokonya, Sydney R Sewall p.; cm — (Little black book series) Includes bibliographical references and index ISBN-13: 978-0-7637-5446-4 (pbk.) ISBN-10: 0-7637-5446-3 (pbk.) Pediatrics—Handbooks, manuals, etc I Sewall, Sydney R II Title III Series: Little black book series [DNLM: Pediatrics—Handbooks WS 39] RJ48.J595 2012 618.92—dc22 2010050877 6048 Printed in the United States of America 15 14 13 12 11 10 Dedication This book is dedicated to my father, Tichaona Joseph Jokonya (1933–2006), and my mother, Winifrieda Jokonya Their love, guidance, and nurturing made me the person I am today —CGJ To Joan Marson, RN, Case Manager at MaineGeneral Health, whose dedication to her many animals is only exceeded by her caring efforts toward helping our most needy patients —SRS This page intentionally left blank Contents Preface Medical Abbreviations Journal Abbreviations Notice Chapter Emergency Pediatrics 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 Acute Life-Threatening Event Altered Mental Status Intravenous Fluids Diabetic Ketoacidosis Status Asthmaticus Chapter Neonatology 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 2.10 2.11 2.12 Neonatal Resuscitation Sepsis Newborn Discharge Exam Meconium Aspiration Syndrome Transient Tachypnea of the Newborn Neonatal Hypoglycemia Unconjugated Hyperbilirubinemia Conjugated Hyperbilirubinemia Cyanotic Newborn Newborn Metabolic Screen Hearing Screen Brachial Plexus Injury ix xi xvii xxi 1 10 13 13 14 17 18 20 22 24 27 29 31 32 35 2.13 2.14 2.15 2.16 2.17 2.18 2.19 2.20 Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip Testicular Torsion Undescended Testes (Cryptorchidism) Inguinal Hernia Hydrocele Hypospadias Circumcision Cleft Lip and Palate Chapter Pulmonology 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 Wheezing in Toddlers Asthma Cystic Fibrosis Pneumonia Bronchiolitis Allergic Rhinitis Croup Tuberculosis 37 38 40 41 42 43 44 45 47 47 48 56 58 60 62 64 66 Chapter Infectious Diseases 69 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 Fever Without a Source Cat Scratch Disease Acute Otitis Media Otitis Media with Effusion Streptococcus Pharyngitis Epiglottitis Peritonsillar Abscess Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus 69 71 73 75 76 77 78 80 v 4.9 4.10 4.11 4.12 4.13 4.14 4.15 4.16 4.17 4.18 Cytomegalovirus Infection Human Immunodeficiency Virus Lyme Disease Urinary Tract Infection Cervical Adenitis Gastroenteritis Ehrlichiosis Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorders Associated with Streptococcus Infections Infantile Botulism Chapter Gastroenterology 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.8 5.9 5.10 5.11 5.12 5.13 Encopresis Pyloric Stenosis Gluten Enteropathy: Celiac Disease Milk Protein Sensitivity Food Allergies Diarrhea Inflammatory Bowel Disease Chronic Hepatitis Viral Hepatitis Pancreatitis Gastroesophageal Reflux Recurrent Abdominal Pain Acute Abdomen Chapter Nephrology 6.1 6.2 vi Nephrotic Syndrome Renal Tubular Acidosis Contents 82 84 86 88 90 91 93 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 6.7 6.8 Lowe Syndrome (Oculocerebrorenal Syndrome) Congenital Hypokalemic Alkalosis Glomerular Disease Enuresis Proteinuria Hematuria 140 141 143 152 155 156 94 Chapter Hematology and Oncology 95 97 99 99 101 102 104 105 108 110 115 116 122 124 126 127 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.6 7.7 7.8 7.9 7.10 7.11 Anemia Neutropenia Sickle Cell Disease Neuroblastoma Wilm’s Tumor (Nephroblastoma) Leukemia Hemophilia Von Willebrand Disease Lymphoma Bone Tumors Brain Tumors Chapter Neurology 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 133 8.6 133 137 8.7 Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Cerebral Palsy Headaches Childhood Periodic Syndromes Benign Paroxysmal Vertigo Benign Paroxysmal Torticollis Guillain-Barré Syndrome 159 159 164 166 169 171 173 176 178 180 183 186 189 189 191 193 195 198 199 200 8.8 8.9 8.10 8.11 Seizures Port Wine Stains Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis Restless Legs Syndrome Chapter Endocrinology 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 9.6 9.7 9.8 9.9 9.10 9.11 9.12 9.13 Precocious Puberty Pubertal Delay Short Stature Tall Stature Abnormal Head Growth Hypothyroidism Hyperthyroidism Hypoglycemia Obesity Adrenal Insufficiency Diabetes Mellitus Type Diabetes Mellitus Type in Childhood Calcium Metabolism Disorders Chapter 10 Adolescence 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.5 Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Menstrual Disorders Infectious Mononucleosis Pelvic Inflammatory Disease Eating Disorders Chapter 11 Cardiology 11.1 11.2 11.3 Heart Murmurs Cardiac Arrhythmias Syncope 202 204 206 207 211 211 214 217 219 220 221 225 226 227 230 11.4 Hypertension 258 Chapter 12 Rheumatology 12.1 12.2 12.3 Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Acute Rheumatic Fever Chapter 13 Psychiatric Conditions 13.1 261 261 264 267 269 Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Anxiety Depression Tourette Syndrome Autism Spectrum Disorder Sleep Disorders 278 281 Chapter 14 Dermatology 285 13.2 13.3 13.4 13.5 231 13.6 269 272 274 277 233 235 239 239 240 14.1 14.2 14.3 14.4 253 14.5 14.6 14.7 14.8 14.9 14.10 14.11 253 254 257 14.12 14.13 246 247 250 Eczema Viral Exanthems Acne Kawasaki Disease (Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome) Diaper Dermatitis Pityriasis Rosea Urticaria Scabies Tinea Alopecia Areata Other Causes of Hair Loss Malignant Melanoma Head Lice Contents 285 287 289 290 292 293 295 296 298 299 300 300 302 vii Chapter 15 General Topics 15.1 15.2 15.3 15.4 15.5 15.6 15.7 15.8 Abuse The Limping Child Lipid Screening Ingestion Lead Poisoning Colic Labial Adhesions (Synechia Vilvae) Amblyopia and Strabismus (Squint) Chapter 16 Genetics 16.1 16.2 16.3 Tuberous Sclerosis Complex Neurofibromatosis Type Neurofibromatosis Type viii Contents 305 305 308 310 312 315 317 319 320 325 325 327 329 16.4 16.5 16.6 16.7 16.8 16.9 16.10 Down Syndrome Turner Syndrome Williams Syndrome Klinefelter Syndrome Marfan Syndrome Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Velocardiofacial Syndrome 16.11 Friedreich Ataxia 16.12 Spina Bifida Chapter 17 Childhood Immunizations 330 332 333 335 336 337 338 339 340 343 Chapter 18 Growth Charts 355 Index 369 Preface Syd Sewell and I were asked by Dan Onion to contribute to a pediatric edition of the Little Black Book (LBB) series Our book generally follows the format of the LBB series, with the goal of providing an overview of common topics in pediatrics with embedded references that support the text and discussing controversies or current research into new management modalities Our target audiences are physicians in general, as well as pediatricians and primary care clinicians in training I’d like to express my thanks to Dan Onion, who acted as a mentor through the process of writing this book and for his valuable advice in reviewing the book for me I’d also like to thank Karen Gershman and Misha Lazerow, who also helped review chapters of the book Chiedza G Jokonya ix Table 18.9 Months cm 56 Head Circumference-for-Age Percentiles: Boys, Birth to 36 in in 22 22 54 21 21 97th 95th 90th 52 20 75th 20 50 50th 48 25th 19 19 10th 5th 3rd 46 18 18 17 17 16 16 15 15 14 14 13 13 12 12 44 42 40 38 36 34 32 30 cm in in Birth 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 33 36 Age (months) Source: Developed by the National Center for Health Statistics in collaboration with the National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (2000) 364 Chapter 18: Growth Charts Table 18.10 Months cm 56 Head Circumference-for-Age Percentiles: Girls, Birth to 36 in in 22 22 21 21 54 52 97th 95th 20 90th 20 50 GROWTH CHARTS 75th 50th 48 19 19 25th 10th 46 5th 3rd 18 18 44 17 17 16 16 15 15 14 14 13 13 12 12 42 38 GROWTH CHARTS 40 36 34 30 cm in in Birth 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 33 36 Age (months) Source: Developed by the National Health Center for Health Statistics in collaboration with the National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (2000) Growth Charts 365 GROWTH CHARTS 32 Table 18.11 Body Mass Index-for-Age Percentiles, Boys, to 20 years, CDC Growth Charts: United States BMI BMI 34 34 97th 32 32 95th 30 30 90th 28 28 85th 26 26 75th 24 24 50th 22 22 25th 20 10th 20 5th 3rd 18 18 16 16 14 14 12 12 kg/m² kg/m² 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Age (years) Source: Developed by the National Center for Health Statistics in collaboration with the National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (2000) 366 Chapter 18: Growth Charts Table 18.12 Body Mass Index-for-Age Percentiles, Girls, to 20 Years, CDC Growth Charts: United States BMI BMI 97th 34 34 32 95th 32 28 85th 26 26 75th 24 24 50th 20 25th 22 20 GROWTH CHARTS 22 10th 18 5th 3rd 18 16 16 14 14 12 12 kg/m² kg/m² 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Age (years) Source: Developed by the National Center for Health Statistics in collaboration with the National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (2000) Growth Charts 367 GROWTH CHARTS 90th 28 GROWTH CHARTS 30 30 This page intentionally left blank Index A abdominal migraine, 197 abdominal pain, 126–132 ABR (auditory brainstem response), 33–34 absence seizures, 204 abuse, 1, 2, 305–308 acne, 289–290 acquired hypothyroidism, 223–225 acrodermatitis enteropathica, 292 acute abdomen, 126–132 acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, 206–207 acute life-threatening events, 1–2 acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), 173–175, 180–181 acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML), 175–176 acute onset tics, 96 acute otitis media, 73–74 acute rheumatic fever (ARF), 267–268, 309 ADHD (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder), 153–154, 269–272, 335 adolescence eating disorders, 250–252 infectious mononucleosis, 246–247 menstrual disorders, 240–246 pelvic inflammatory disease, 247–250 polycystic ovary syndrome, 239–240 adrenal insufficiency, 230–231 adrenarche, 212–215 AEIOU TIPS, ALL (acute lymphoblastic leukemia), 173–175, 180–181 allergic rhinitis, 62–64 alopecia areata, 299–300 alpha thalassemia, 161 Alport’s syndrome (hereditary gomerulonephritis), 134, 149–150 altered mental status (AMS), 3–5 amblyopia, 320–321 amenorrhea, 243–246 AMS (altered mental status), 3–5 androgen, 212–213, 217 anemia, 159–164 anorexia nervosa, 250–252 antiretroviral therapy (ART), 85 anxiety, 272–274 apnea, 1, 283 appendicitis, 128–129 ARAS, ARF (acute rheumatic fever), 267–268, 309 arrhythmias, 254–257 ART (antiretroviral therapy), 85 arthritis, 261–264, 309 aspiration pneumonia, asthma, 10–11, 48–55 astrocytoma, 187 asymmetric heads, 221 athlete’s foot, 298 atopic asthma, 48 atopic dermatitis, 285–286 atopic eczema, 293 attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), 153–154, 269–272, 335 auditory brainstem response (ABR), 33–34 autism spectrum disorder, 272, 278–281 369 B balanoposthitis, 44 Barlow maneuver, 38 Bartonella henselae, 72, 90 Bartter’s syndrome (BS), 141–142 Beckwith-Weidemann syndrome, 171, 226 Bell palsy, 247 benign paroxysmal vertigo, 198 beta-thalassemia, 161 bilirubin, 25–27 biotinidase deficiency, 31–32 bipolar disorder, 276 body mass index, 366–367 bone marrow transplant (BMT), 164, 169 bone tumors, 183–186 Borrelia burgdorferi, 86–87 botulism, 97–98 brachial plexus injury, 35–36 brainstem glioma, 187 brain tumors, 186–188 bronchiolitis, 60–62 BS (Bartter’s syndrome), 141–142 bulimia nervosa, 250–252 C CAH (congenital adrenal hyperplasia), 31–32 calcium metabolism disorders, 235–238 Campylobacter, 91–92 CA-MRSA (community-acquired methicillin-resistant S aureus), 80 candida diaper dermatitis, 293 cardiac arrhythmias, 254–257 cardiology arrhythmias, 254–257 heart murmurs, 253–254 hypertension, 258–259 syncope, 257–258 cataracts, 320 370 Index cat scratch disease, 71–73, 90–91 celiac disease, 102–104 central hypothyroidism, 222–224 cerebral edema, cerebral gigantism, 220 cerebral palsy, 191–193 cervical adenitis, 90–91 chemotherapeutic febrile neutropenia, 166 child abuse See abuse childhood (acquired) hypothyroidism, 223–225 chlamydia, 247 chronic granulomatous disease, 165 chronic hepatitis, 115–116 chronic myeloblastic leukemia, 328 circumcision, 44–45 cleft lip and palate, 45–46, 338 colic, 317–319 colitis, 112–115 community-acquired methicillinresisant S aureus (CA-MRSA), 80 conductive hearing loss, 33 congenital heart block, 255–256 congenital hypokalemic alkalosis, 141–143 congenital hypothyroidism, 221–223 congenital intestinal lymphangiectasia, 109 congenital nephrotic syndrome (NS), 133–136 conjugated hyperbilirubinemia, 27–28 conjugated (direct) jaundice, 27–28 coprolalia, 277 craniopharyngioma, 187–188, 218 craniosynostosis, 221 Crohn’s disease, 110–112 croup, 64–65 cryptorchidism (undescended testes), 40–41 cyanotic newborns, 29–31 cyclic vomiting syndrome, 195–197 cystic fibrosis, 56–57 cystic fibrosis screening, 31 cytomegalovirus infection, 82–84 dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB), 242 dyshormonogenesis, 222 dysmenorrhea, 240–241 D DBA (Diamond-Blackfan anemia), 162 DDH (developmental dysplasia of the hip), 37–38, 309–310 decibel scale, 34 deep venous thrombosis, 309 dehydration, 6–7 delayed sleep phase syndrome, 282 Denys-Drash syndrome, 171 depression, 274–276 dermatology acne, 289–290 alopecia areata, 299–300 diaper dermatitis, 292–293 eczema, 285–286 head lice, 302–303 Kawasaki disease, 290–292 malignant melanoma, 300–301 pityriasis rosea, 293–294 scabies, 296–297 tinea, 298–299 urticaria, 295–296 viral exanthems, 287–288 developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH), 37–38, 309–310 diabetes mellitus, 231–234 diabetic ketoacidosis, 3, 8–10 Diamond-Blackfan anemia (DBA), 162 diaper dermatitis, 292–293 diarrhea, 108–110 discharge exams, 17–18 distal renal tubular acidosis type 1, 137–138 DKA (diabetic ketoacidosis), 3, 8–10 domestic violence See abuse Down syndrome, 217, 330–332 Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), 189–191 E eating disorders, 250–252 EBV (Epstein-Barr virus), 28, 246–247 ECMO (extracorporeal membrane oxygenation), 20 eczema, 285–286 ehrlichiosis, 93–94 ELISA, 73, 85 emergency pediatrics acute life-threatening events, 1–2 altered mental status (AMS), 3–5 diabetic ketoacidosis, 3, 8–10 intravenous fluids, 5–8 status asthmaticus, 10–11 enanthems, 287–288 encephalomyelitis, 206–207 encopresis, 99–100 endocrinology abnormal head growth, 220–221 adrenal insufficiency, 230–231 calcium metabolism disorders, 235–238 diabetes mellitus, 231–234 hyperthyroidism, 225–226 hypoglycemia, 22–24, 226–227 hypothyroidism, 31–32, 98, 218, 219, 221–225 obesity, 227–230 precocious puberty, 211–214 pubertal delay, 214–216 short stature, 217–219 tall stature, 219–220 enuresis, 152–155 ependymoma, 187 epiglottitis, 77–78 epilepsy, 203 Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), 28, 246–247 Index 371 Escherichia coli, 88 estrogen, 211, 213, 216–217 Ewing tumor, 183–185 exanthems, 287–288 extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), 20 extrahepatic biliary atresia, 28 F Fabry’s disease, 134 familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia, 238 fetal alcohol syndrome, 337–338 fever of unknown origin (FUO), 69 fever without a source (FWS), 69–71 filaggrin, 285 fluid therapy, 5–8, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), 133–134 food allergies, 105–107 foreign body ingestion, 315 Friedreich ataxia, 339–340 FSGS (focal segmental glomerulosclerosis), 133–134 FUO (fever of unknown origin), 69 FWS (fever without a source), 69–71 G G6PD deficiency, 162–163 galactosemia, 31–32 gastroenteritis, 91–93 gastroenterology acute abdomen, 126–132 diarrhea, 108–110 encopresis, 99–100 food allergies, 105–107 gastroenteritis, 91–93 gastroesophageal reflux, 124–126 gluten enteropathy, 102–104 hepatitis, 115–122 inflammatory bowel disease, 110–115 milk protein sensitivity, 104–105 372 Index pancreatitis, 122–124 pyloric stenosis, 101–102 recurrent abdominal pain, 126–127 gastroesophageal reflux, 124–126 general anxiety disorder, 273 genetics Down syndrome, 217, 330–332 fetal alcohol syndrome, 337–338 Friedreich ataxia, 339–340 Klinefelter syndrome, 215, 220, 335–336 Marfan syndrome, 220, 336–337 neurofibromatosis, 327–330 spina bifida, 340–342 tuberous schlerosis complex, 325–327 Turner syndrome, 215, 219, 332–333 velocardiofacial syndrome, 338–339 Williams syndrome, 333–335 GH deficiency, 218–219 Gitelman’s syndrome, 142–143 glomerular disease, 143–152 glomerulonephritis of systemic lupus erythematosus, 151–152 glucose galactose malabsorption, 108–109 gluten enteropathy, 102–104 Graves’ disease, 225 group A strep, 96 group B strep, 16, 58 growth charts, 355–367 Guillain-Barré syndrome, 92, 98, 200–202, 247 H Haemophilus influenza, 73, 77, 79, 247 hair loss, 299–300 Hashimoto thyroiditis, 223–224 head circumference, 364–365 head growth, 220–221 head lice, 302–303 head trauma, 307 headaches, 193–195 hearing screens, 32–35 heart murmurs, 253–254 hematology anemia, 159–164 leukemia, 164, 173–176, 180–181, 309, 328 neutropenia, 164–166 sickle cell disease, 156, 163–164, 166–169, 309 hematuria, 156–157 hemoglobinopathy, 31 hemolytic uremic syndrome, 156 hemophilia, 176–178 Henoch-Schönlein purpura, 131, 146–148, 309 hepatitis, 28, 114, 115–122 hepatitis A, 116–117 hepatitis B, 117–119 hepatitis C, 119–120 hepatitis D, 120–121 hepatitis E, 121–122 herald patch, 294 hereditary gomerulonephritis (Alport’s syndrome), 149–150 hereditary spherocytosis, 161–162 Hirschsprung disease, 129–130 HIV (human immunodeficiency virus), 84–86 Hodgkin disease, 182–183 homocystinuria, 31, 220 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), 84–86 hydrocele, 42–43 hyperbilirubinemia, 24–28, 33 hypercalcemia, 236–238 hypercalcuria, 156 hyperinsulinism, 226 hyperkalemic distal renal tubular acidosis type 4, 139–140 hypernatremia, hypertension, 258–259 hyperthyroidism, 225–226 hypoglycemia, 22–24, 226–227 hyponatremia, 6, hypoparathyroidism, 235–236 hypospadias, 43–44 hypothyroidism, 31–32, 98, 218, 219 hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy, 320 I IDDM (insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus), 226 IgA nephropathy, 143–144 IGRAs (interferon gamma release assay), 67 immunizations, 343–354 impetigo, 297 incontinence, 153 infantile seborrheic dermatitis, 293 infectious diseases botulism, 97–98 cat scratch disease, 71–73 cervical adenitis, 90–91 cytomegalovirus infection, 82–84 ehrlichiosis, 93–94 epiglottitis, 77–78 fever without a source, 69–71 gastroenteritis, 91–93 human immunodeficiency virus, 84–86 Lyme disease, 86–87, 309 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, 80–81 otitis media, 73–75 PANDAS, 95–96 peritonsillar abscess, 78–79 Rocky Mountain spotted fever, 94–95 streptococcus pharyngitis, 76–77 urinary tract infections, 88–90 infectious mononucleosis, 246–247 inflammatory bowel disease, 110–115 ingestion, 4, 312–315 inguinal hernia, 41–42 insomnia, 281–284 Index 373 insulin, 10 interferon gamma release assay (IGRAs), 67 intravenous fluids, 5–8 intussusception, 130–132 iodine deficiency, 222, 223 iron deficiency, 160–161 irritant contact dermatitis, 292–293 J jaundice, 27–28 juvenile idiopathic arthritis, 261–264, 309 juvenile myoclonic epilepsy, 203 K Kasai procedures, 27 Kawasaki disease, 290–292 kernicterus, 26 Klinefelter syndrome, 215, 220, 335–336 Klippel-Trenaunay sydrome, 205 L labial adhesions, 319–320 Langerhans cell histiocytosis, 292, 293 lead poisoning, 163, 315–317 Legg-Perthes, 310 length-for-age, 356, 358 Lennox-Gastaut syndrome, 203 leukemia, 164, 173–176, 180–181, 309, 328 lice, 302–303 limping, 308–310 lipid screening, 310–312 long QT syndrome, 256–257 Lowe’s syndrome, 140–141 lupus erythematosus, 151–152, 264–267, 309 lupus nephritis, 151–152 Lyme disease, 86–87, 309 lymphoma, 180–183 374 Index M macrocephaly, 221 macrosomic IDM, 23 malignant melanoma, 300–301 maple syrup urine disease (MSUD), 31–32 Marfan syndrome, 220, 336–337 MCGN (minimal-change glomerulonephritis), 133–134 MDS (myelodysplastic syndrome), 164 meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS), 14, 18–20 medulloblastoma, 187 melanoma, 300–301 membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis, 148–149 menorrhagia, 241 menstrual disorders, 240–246 mental retardation, 272 metabolic screening, 31–32 methemoglobinemia, 31 methicillin-resistant S aureus (MRSA), 80–81, 90 metrorrhagia, 241 microcephaly, 220, 338 microvillous inclusion disease, 108 migraine, 197–199 milk protein sensitivity, 104–105 Miller Fisher, 201 minimal-change glomerulonephritis (MCGN), 133–134 mononucleosis, 246–247 Moraxella catarrhalis, 73 mother-to child transmission (MTCT), 84–85 MRSA (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus), 80–81, 90 MSUD (maple syrup urine disease), 31–32 MTCT (mother-to child transmission), 84–85 mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome, 290–292 Munchausen by proxy, 1, 308 muscular dystrophy, 189–191 mutism, 273–274 myasthenia, 98 Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, 66 myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), 164 N NBICU management, 19, 21 near-miss sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), neck swelling, 90–91 Neisseria gonorrhea, 247 neonatal resuscitation, 13–14 neonatology brachial plexus injury, 35–36 circumcision, 44–45 cleft lip and palate, 45–46, 338 conjugated hyperbilirubinemia, 27–28 cyanotic newborn, 29–31 developmental dysplasia of the hip, 37–38, 309–310 discharge exam, 17–18 hearing screen, 32–35 hydrocele, 42–43 hypoglycemia, 22–24 hypospadias, 43–44 inguinal hernia, 41–42 meconium aspiration syndrome, 18–20 metabolic screening, 31–32 resuscitation, 13–14 sepsis, 14–17 testicular torsion, 38–40 transient tachypnea of the newborn, 20–22 unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia, 24–26 undescended testes, 40–41 nephroblastoma, 134, 156, 171–173 nephrology congenital hypokalemic alkalosis, 141–143 enuresis, 152–155 glomerular disease, 143–152 hematuria, 156–157 Lowe’s syndrome, 140–141 nephrotic syndrome, 133–136 proteinuria, 155–156 renal tubular acidosis, 137–140 nephrotic syndrome (NS), 133–136 neuroblastoma, 169–171 neurofibromatosis, 327–330 neurology abdominal migraine, 197 acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, 206–207 benign paroxysmal torticollis, 199 benign paroxysmal vertigo, 198 cerebral palsy, 191–193 cyclic vomiting syndrome, 195–197 Duchenne muscular dystrophy, 189–191 Guillain-Barré syndrome, 92, 98, 200–202, 247 headaches, 193–195 port wine stains, 204–205 restless legs syndrome, 207–209, 283 seizures, 202–204, 325–327 neutropenia, 164–166 newborn discharge exam, 17–18 newborn metabolic screen, 31–32 NHL (non-Hodgkin lymphoma), 180–181 nonatopic wheezing, 48 non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), 180–181 Norwegian scabies, 297 nutritional disorders, 218 Index 375 O OAE (otoacoustic emissions), 33 obesity, 227–230 obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), 96, 274 obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, 283 oculocerebrorenal syndrome, 140–141 oncology bone tumors, 183–186 brain tumors, 186–188 hemophilia, 176–178 Hodgkin disease, 182–183 leukemia, 164, 173–176, 180–181, 309, 328 lymphoma, 180–183 neuroblastoma, 169–171 von Willebrand disease, 178–180 Wilm’s tumor (nephroblastoma), 134, 156, 171–173 optic nerve hypoplasia, 320 orthostatic proteinuria, 155–156 Ortolani maneuver, 38 osteogenic sarcoma, 309 osteosarcoma, 185–186 otitis media, 73–75 otoacoustic emissions (OAE), 33 P pancreatitis, 122–124 panic disorder, 273 pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorder associated with streptococcus (PANDAS), 95–96 Pediculosis capitis, 302 pelvic inflammatory disease, 247–250 periodic limb movement disorder (PLMD), 283 peritonsillar abscess, 78–79 persistent proteinuria, 155–156 persistent pulmonary hypertension of newborn (PPHN), 22, 29 phenylketonuria (PKU), 31–32 376 Index phimosis, 44 pityriasis rosea, 293–294 PKU (phenylketonuria), 31–32 PLMD (periodic limb movement disorder), 283 pneumonia, 58–60 poisoning, 4, 312–315 See also lead poisoning polycystic kidney disease, 156 polycystic ovary syndrome, 239–240 polymenorrhea, 242 port wine stains, 204–205 poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis, 144–146 PPHN (persistent pulmonary hypertension of newborn), 22, 29 Prader-Willi syndrome, 217, 219 precocious puberty, 211–214 Proprionibacterium acnes, 289 proteinuria, 155–156 proximal renal tubular acidosis type 2, 138–139 pseudo-hypoparathyroidism, 236 psychiatric conditions ADHD, 269–272 anxiety, 272–274 autism spectrum disorder, 272, 278–281 depression, 274–276 sleep disorders, 281–284 Tourette syndrome, 271, 277–278 pubertal delay, 214–216 puberty, 211–216 pulmonology allergic rhinitis, 62–64 asthma, 10–11, 48–55 bronchiolitis, 60–62 croup, 64–65 cystic fibrosis, 56–57 pneumonia, 58–60 tuberculosis, 66–67 wheezing, 47–48 pyloric stenosis, 101–102 R RDS (respiratory distress syndrome), 13, 21, 30 recurrent abdominal pain, 126–127 reflux, 124–126 renal tubular acidosis, 137–140 respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), 13, 21, 30 restless legs syndrome (RLS), 207–209, 283 resuscitation, 13–14 retinoblastoma, 320 retinopathy of prematurity, 320 rheumatic fever, 267–268, 309 rheumatology acute rheumatic fever, 267–268, 309 juvenile idiopathic arthritis, 261–264, 309 systemic lupus erythematosus, 151–152, 264–267, 309 RLS (restless legs syndrome), 207–209, 283 Rocky Mountain spotted fever, 94–95 rolandic epilepsy, 203 rotavirus, 91, 131 RSV (respiratory syncytial virus), 1, 2, 58, 60, 62 S salmonella, 91 Sarcoptes scabiei, 296 scabies, 296–297 SCFE (slipped capital femoral epiphysis), 310 school refusal, 273 sclerosing cholangitis, 114 seizures, 202–204, 325–327 selective mutism, 273–274 sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL), 33 separation anxiety, 273 sepsis, 14–17 SGA (small for gestational age), 23 shaken baby syndrome, 307 shigella, 91 short stature, 217–219 Shwachman-Diamond syndrome, 164 sickle cell disease, 156, 163–164, 166–169, 309 SIDS (sudden infant death syndrome), sleep apnea, 283 sleep disorders, 281–284 slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE), 310 small for gestational age (SGA), 23 SNHL (sensorineural hearing loss), 33 spina bifida, 340–342 squint, 320–323 Staphylococcus aureus, 79, 80–81 stature-for-age, 357, 359 status asthmaticus, 10–11 stimulants, 271 strabismus, 320–323 strep infections, 95–96 Streptococcus pharyngitis, 76–77 structural lesions, Sturge-Weber syndrome, 205 sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), suicidal ideation, 275–276 supraventricular tachycardia, 254–255 syncope, 257–258 systemic lupus erythematosus, 151–152, 264–267, 309 T tall stature, 219–220 TB (total bilirubin), 25 TEC (transient erythroblastopenia), 162 testicular torsion, 38–40 thelarche, 212–213, 215 Index 377 thyroid dysgenesis, 222 thyroid hormone resistance, 224 tic disorders, 96, 271 See also Tourette syndrome tick-borne infections, 86–87, 93–95 tick paralysis, 98 tinea, 298–299 TNN (transient tachypnea of the newborn), 20–22, 30 toddler’s diarrhea, 109–110 toilet training, 100 tonsillitis, 79 total bilirubin (TB), 25 Tourette syndrome, 271, 277–278 toxic shock syndrome, 290 toxic synovitis, 309 toxin ingestion, 4, 312–315 transient early wheezing, 47 transient erythroblastopenia (TEC), 162 transient proteinuria, 155–156 transient tachypnea of the newborn (TNN), 20–22, 30 Trichophyton tonsurans, 298 tuberculosis, 66–67 tuberous schlerosis complex, 325– 327 Turner syndrome, 215, 219, 332–333 378 Index U ulcerative colitis, 112–115 unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia, 24–26 undescended testes (cryptorchidism), 40–41 urinary tract infections (UTIs), 88–90 urticaria, 295–296 uterine bleeding, 241–243 UTIs (urinary tract infections), 88–90 V velocardiofacial syndrome, 338–339 vertigo, 198 viral exanthems, 287–288 viral hepatitis, 116–122 visual impairment, 320–323 vomiting, 195–197 von Willebrand disease, 178–180 W WAGR, 171 weight-for-age, 360–363 West syndrome, 204 wheezing, 47–48 Williams syndrome, 333–335 Wilson’s disease, 28 Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome, 292 ... pediatric edition of the Little Black Book (LBB) series Our book generally follows the format of the LBB series, with the goal of providing an overview of common topics in pediatrics with embedded... Malloy, Inc Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Jokonya, Chiedza G The little black book of pediatrics / Chiedza G Jokonya, Sydney R Sewall p.; cm — (Little black book series) Includes... Journal of Surgery Annals of Emergency Medicine Annals of Internal Medicine Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences Archives of Dermatology Archives of Diseases of Childhood Archives of Pediatric