Atlas of procedures in neonatology

Atlas of Procedures in Neonatology Fifth Edition LWBK1090-FM_i-xvi.indd 7/12/12 9:34 PM This page intentionally left blank LWBK1090-FM_i-xvi.indd 7/12/12 9:34 PM Atlas of Procedures in Neonatology Fifth Edition Senior Editor Mhairi G MacDonald, MBChB, DCH, FAAP, FRCPE, FRCPCH Professor of Pediatrics George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences Washington, DC Co-Editor Jayashree Ramasethu, MBBS, DCH, MD, FAAP Associate Professor of Clinical Pediatrics Georgetown University Medical Center Program Director, Neonatal Perinatal Medicine Fellowship Program Division of Neonatal Perinatal Medicine MedStar Georgetown University Hospital Washington, DC Associate Editor Khodayar Rais-Bahrami, MD, FAAP With 59 Contributors Illustrators Judy Guenther Virginia Schnoonover Jennifer Smith LWBK1090-FM_i-xvi.indd Professor of Pediatrics George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences Program Director, Neonatal-Perinatal Fellowship Program Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine Children’s National Medical Center Washington, DC 25/07/12 1:03 AM Acquisitions Editor: Rebecca Gaertner Product Manager: Nicole Walz Vendor Manager: Bridgett Dougherty Senior Manufacturing Manager: Benjamin Rivera Marketing Manager: Kimberly Schonberger Design Coordinator: Terry Mallon Production Service: Aptara, Inc © 2013 by LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS, a WOLTERS KLUWER business © 2007 by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Two Commerce Square 2001 Market Street Philadelphia, PA 19103 USA LWW.com All rights reserved This book is protected by copyright No part of this book may be reproduced in any form by any means, including photocopying, or utilized by any information storage and retrieval system without written permission from the copyright owner, except for brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews Materials appearing in this book prepared by individuals as part of their official duties as U.S government employees are not covered by the above-mentioned copyright Printed in China Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Atlas of procedures in neonatology / senior editor, Mhairi G MacDonald; co-editors, Jayashree Ramasethu, Khodayar Rais-Bahrami – 5th ed   p ; cm   Procedures in neonatology   Includes bibliographical references and index   ISBN 978-1-4511-4410-9 (hardback : alk paper)  I.  MacDonald, Mhairi G.  II Ramasethu, Jayashree III.  Rais-Bahrami, Khodayar IV.  Title: Procedures in neonatology  [DNLM: 1.  Infant, Newborn, Diseases–therapy–Atlases 2.  Infant, Newborn, Diseases–therapy–Outlines 3.  Intensive Care, Neonatal–Atlases 4.  Intensive Care, Neonatal–Outlines 5.  Neonatology–methods–Atlases 6.  Neonatology–methods–Outlines.  WS 17]   618.9290028–dc23 2012016637 Care has been taken to confirm the accuracy of the information presented and to describe generally accepted practices However, the authors, editors, and publisher are not responsible for errors or omissions or for any consequences from application of the information in this book and make no warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the currency, completeness, or accuracy of the contents of the publication Application of the information in a particular situation remains the professional responsibility of the practitioner The authors, editors, and publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accordance with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any change in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new or infrequently employed drug Some drugs and medical devices presented in the publication have Food and Drug Administration (FDA) clearance for limited use in restricted research settings It is the responsibility of the health care provider to ascertain the FDA status of each drug or device planned for use in their clinical practice To purchase additional copies of this book, call our customer service department at (800) 638-3030 or fax orders to (301) 223-2320 International customers should call (301) 223-2300 Visit Lippincott Williams & Wilkins on the Internet: at LWW.com Lippincott Williams & Wilkins customer service representatives are available from 8:30 am to pm, EST 10  9  8  7  6  5  4  3  2  LWBK1090-FM_i-xvi.indd 7/12/12 9:34 PM “This book is dedicated to multidisciplinary health care teams worldwide, and their trainees, who strive every day to provide exemplary evidence-based intensive care to sick neonates.” LWBK1090-FM_i-xvi.indd 7/12/12 9:34 PM Contributors M Kabir Abubakar, MD, FAAP Associate Professor of Clinical Pediatrics Director, Neonatal ECMO Program Division of Neonatal–Perinatal Medicine MedStar Georgetown University Hospital Washington, DC Hany Aly, MD Professor Departments of Pediatrics and Obstetrics & Gynecology The George Washington University School of Medicine and the Health Sciences Director Division of Newborn Services The George Washington University Hospital Washington, DC Jacob V Aranda, MD, PhD Professor and Vice Chair for Research Division Director Department of General Pediatrics Division of Neonatal–Perinatal Medicine The Children’s Hospital at SUNY Downstate Medical Center Brooklyn, New York Monisha Bahri, MD, MBBS, FAAP Attending Physician Department of Neonatology/Pediatrics Washington Hospital Center Washington, DC Aimee M Barton, MD, FAAP Assistant Professor Division of Neonatal–Perinatal Medicine MedStar Georgetown University Hospital Washington, DC Alan Benheim, MD, FACC, FAAP A Alfred Chahine, MD, FACS, FAAP Chief of Pediatric Surgery MedStar Georgetown University Hospital Attending Pediatric Surgeon Children’s National Medical Center Associate Professor of Surgery and Pediatrics The George Washington University School of Medicine and the Health Sciences Washington, DC Ela Chakkarapani, MBBS, MRCPCH Senior Registrar and Research Fellow Department of Neonatology University of Bristol St Michael’s Hospital Bristol, United Kingdom Kimberly M Chan, MD Department of Internal Medicine Axminster Medical Group Los Angeles, California Robert D Christensen, MD Director, Neonatology Research Intermountain Healthcare Salt Lake City, Utah Yu-Chen Jennie Chung, MD Neonatal–Perinatal Medicine Fellow Division of Neonatal–Perinatal Medicine Georgetown University Hospital Washington, DC Linda C D’Angelo, RN, BSN, CWOCN Wound, Ostomy and Continence Nurse Shady Grove Adventist Hospital Rockville, Maryland Pediatric Cardiology Associates, P.C Fairfax, Virginia Clinical Assistant Professor Department of Pediatrics-Pediatric Cardiology University of Virginia School of Health Sciences Charlottesville, Virginia Manju Dawkins, MD Vadim Bronshtein, MD The Retina Group of Washington Chevy Chase, Maryland, and Alexandria and Fairfax, Virginia Department of Neonatal–Perinatal Medicine Children’s Hospital at Downstate SUNY Downstate Medical Center NEO Brooklyn, New York Attending Physician Department of Dermatology Bronx Lebanon Hospital Center Bronx, New York William F Deegan, III, MD vi LWBK1090-FM_i-xvi.indd 7/12/12 9:34 PM Contributors Jennifer A Dunbar, MD Hosai Hesham, MD Ross M Fasano, MD Chahira Kozma, MD Ophthalmology/Pediatric Ophthalmology Loma Linda University Medical Center San Bernardino, California Director, Chronic Transfusion Program Division of Hematology, Transfusion Medicine Children’s National Medical Center Assistant Professor of Pediatrics The George Washington University School of Medicine and the Health Sciences Washington, DC LCDR Rebecca J Fay, MD Attending Neonatologist Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology Naval Medical Center Portsmouth Portsmouth, Virginia Assistant Professor of Pediatrics Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences Bethesda, Maryland Laura A Folk, RNC-NIC, BSN, MEd Staff Nurse Neonatal Intensive Care Unit MedStar Georgetown University Hospital Washington, DC Rebecca M Ginzburg, JD Associate General Counsel of Boston University Lecturer in Law Boston University School of Law Boston, Massachusetts Dorothy Goodman, BSN, RN, CWOCN Wound Ostomy Continence Nurse MedStar Georgetown University Hospital Washington, DC Allison M Greenleaf, RN, MSN, CPNP Pediatric Nurse Practitioner Department of Pediatrics Division of Neonatal–Perinatal Medicine MedStar Georgetown University Hospital Washington, DC Ashish O Gupta, MD Neonatal–Perinatal Medicine Fellow Division of Neonatal–Perinatal Medicine MedStar Georgetown University Hospital Washington, DC Gary Hartman, MD Clinical Professor of Surgery Chief, Division of Pediatric Surgery Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford, California Associate Vice President of Medical Affairs Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital Palo Alto, California LWBK1090-FM_i-xvi.indd vii Department of Otolaryngology Georgetown University Hospital Washington, DC Professor of Pediatrics Chief, Division of Genetics MedStar Georgetown University Hospital Washington, DC Margaret Mary Kuczkowski, MSN, CPNP Neonatal Intensive Care Unit MedStar Georgetown University Hospital Washington, DC Victoria Tutag Lehr, BSPharm, PharmD Associate Professor Department of Pharmacy Practice EACPHS Wayne State University Clinical Pharmacy Specialist Pain Management Children’s Hospital of Michigan Detroit, Michigan Mirjana Lulic-Botica, BSc, RPh, BCPS Neonatal Clinical Pharmacy Specialist Hutzel Women’s Hospital Detroit Medical Center Detroit, Michigan Secelela Malecela, MD Assistant Professor of Pediatrics Division of Neonatal–Perinatal Medicine MedStar Georgetown University Hospital Washington, DC Kathleen A Marinelli, MD, IBCLC, FABM, FAAP Associate Professor of Pediatrics University of Connecticut School of Medicine Farmington, Connecticut Attending Neonatologist and Lactation Specialist Connecticut Children’s Medical Center Hartford, Connecticut An N Massaro, MD Assistant Professor of Pediatrics The George Washington University School of Medicine and the Health Sciences Co-Director of Research, Division of Neonatology Children’s National Medical Center Washington, DC Gregory J Milmoe, MD Associate Professor of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery Georgetown University School of Medicine Washington, DC M A Mohamed, MD, MPH Associate Professor of Pediatrics and Global Health The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences Washington, DC 25/07/12 1:03 AM viii Contributors Susan H Morgan, MEd, CCC-A Director of Audiology Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery MedStar Georgetown University Hospital Washington, DC Sepideh Nassabeh-Montazami, MD, FAAP Assistant Professor of Pediatrics Division of Neonatal Perinatal Medicine MedStar Georgetown University Hospital Washington, DC Nickie Niforatos, MD Fellow, Fetal and Transitional Medicine Department of Neonatology Children’s National Medical Center Washington, DC John North, MD Perinatal Medicine & Neonatal Medicine and Pediatrics Fairfax Neonatal Associates Falls Church, Virginia Wendy M Paul, MD Assistant Professor, Department of Pathology George Washington University School of Medicine and the Health Sciences Director, Point of Care Testing and Satellite Testing Associate Director, Transfusion Medicine Children’s National Medical Center Washington, DC Majid Rasoulpour, MD Professor Emeritus Department of Pediatrics University of Connecticut School of Medicine Farmington, Connecticut Pediatric Nephrologist Connecticut Children’s Medical Center Hartford, Connecticut Mary E Revenis, MD Assistant Professor of Pediatrics Children’s National Medical Center George Washington University School of Medicine and the Health Sciences Washington, DC Lisa M Rimsza, MD Professor and Associate Chair of Research Department of Pathology University of Arizona Tucson, Arizona Dora C Rioja-Mazza, MD, FAAP Attending Neonatologist Department of Pediatrics Division of Neonatology Reston Hospital Center Reston, Virginia LWBK1090-FM_i-xvi.indd Priyanshi Ritwik, BDS, MS Associate Professor Postgraduate Program Director Department of Pediatric Dentistry LSU School of Dentistry Director, Special Children’s Dental Clinic Children’s Hospital, New Orleans New Orleans, Louisiana Anne S Roberts, MD Surgery Resident MedStar Georgetown University Hospital Washington, DC Jeanne M Rorke, RNC, NNP, MSN Neonatal Nurse Specialist Neonatal Intensive Care Unit MedStar Georgetown University Hospital Washington, DC Mariam M Said, MD Assistant Professor of Pediatrics Department of Pediatrics The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences Attending Neonatologist Department of Neonatology Children’s National Medical Center Washington, DC Thomas Sato, MD Professor of Surgery Division of Pediatric Surgery Children’s Hospital of Wisconsin Medical College of Wisconsin Milwaukee, Wisconsin Melissa Scala, MD Neonatal–Perinatal Medicine Fellow Division of Neonatal Perinatal Medicine MedStar Georgetown University Hospital Washington, DC Suna Seo, MD Neonatal–Perinatal Medicine Fellow Division of Neonatal–Perinatal Medicine MedStar Georgetown University Hospital Washington, DC Billie Lou Short, MD Professor of Pediatrics The George Washington University School of Medicine and the Health Sciences Chief, Division of Neonatology Children’s National Medical Center Washington, DC 7/12/12 9:34 PM Contributors Lamia Soghier, MD, FAAP Marianne Thoresen, MD, PhD Martha C Sola-Visner, MD Gloria B Valencia, MD Assistant Professor of Pediatrics The George Washington University School of Medicine and the Health Sciences Attending Physician Division of Neonatology Department of Pediatrics Children’s National Medical Center Washington, DC Assistant Professor of Pediatrics Children’s Hospital Boston Harvard Medical School Boston, Massachusetts Ganesh Srinivasan, MD, DM, FAAP Assistant Professor Pediatrics and Child Health (Neonatology) Director, Neonatal–Perinatal Fellowship Program University of Manitoba Researcher Manitoba Institute of Child Health Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada ix Professor of Neonatal Neuroscience School of Clinical Sciences University of Bristol Bristol, United Kingdom Professor of Physiology Institute of Basic Medical Sciences University of Oslo Oslo, Norway Division Chief NICU Director Department of Pediatrics Neonatology and Perinatal Medicine SUNY Downstate Medical Center Brooklyn, New York S Lee Woods, MD, PhD Medical Director Center for Maternal and Child Health Maryland State Department of Health and Mental Hygiene Baltimore, Maryland Keith Thatch, MD Pediatric Surgery Intensivist Clinical Lecturer University of Michigan Health System Ann Arbor, Michigan LWBK1090-FM_i-xvi.indd 7/12/12 9:34 PM Preface “Neonatology is a taxing field: strenuous, demanding, confusing, heartbreaking, rewarding, stimulating, scientific, personal, philosophical, cooperative, logical, illogical, and always changing.” From the preface to the first edition of the Atlas of Procedures in Neonatology, 1983 The preface to the first edition of the Atlas of Procedures in Neonatology was written approximately years after the first sub-board examination in Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine was held in the United States In the preface, emphasis was placed upon the rapid development of new technology and the decreasing size (