Slide 1-1 CHAPTER FINANCIAL REPORTING AND ACCOUNTING STANDARDS Intermediate Accounting IFRS Edition Kieso, Weygandt, and Warfield Slide 1-2 Learning Learning Objectives Objectives Slide 1-3 Identify the major financial statements and other means of financial reporting Explain how accounting assists in the efficient use of scarce resources Explain the need for high-quality standards Identify the objective of financial reporting Identify the major policy-setting bodies and their role in the standard-setting process Explain the meaning of IFRS Describe the challenges facing financial reporting Financial Financial Reporting Reporting and and Accounting Accounting Standards Standards Global Markets Financial statements and financial reporting Accounting and capital allocation High-quality standards Objective of Financial Reporting General-purpose financial statements Capital providers Entity perspective Decision-usefulness Standard-Setting Organizations IOSCO IASB Hierarchy of IFRS Financial Reporting Challenges Political environment Expectations gap Significant financial reporting issues Ethics International convergence Slide 1-4 Global Global Markets Markets World markets are becoming increasingly intertwined Top 20 Global Companies In Terms Of Sales Slide 1-5 Global Global Markets Markets Significant number of foreign companies are found on national exchanges Illustration 1-2 International Exchange Statistics Slide 1-6 Global Global Markets Markets Financial Statements and Financial Reporting Characteristics of accounting are: Slide 1-7 (1) the identification, measurement, and communication of financial information about (2) economic entities to (3) interested parties LO Identify the major financial statements and other means of financial reporting Global Global Markets Markets Economic Entity Financial Statements Additional Information Financial Information Statement of Financial Position President’s letter Accounting? Income Statement or Statement of Comprehensive Income Identify and Measure and Communicate Statement of Cash Flows Statement of Changes in Equity Prospectuses Reports filed with governmental agencies News releases Forecasts Environmental impact statements Note Disclosures Slide 1-8 Etc LO Identify the major financial statements and other means of financial reporting Global Global Markets Markets Accounting and Capital Allocation Resources are limited Efficient use of resources often determines whether a business thrives Illustration 1-3 Capital Allocation Process Slide 1-9 LO Explain how accounting assists in the efficient use of scare resources Global Global Markets Markets High Quality Standards Globalization demands a single set of high-quality international accounting standards Some elements: Single set of high-quality accounting standards established by a single standard-setting body Consistency in application and interpretation Common disclosures Common high-quality auditing standards and practices Common approach to regulatory review and enforcement Education and training of market participants (Continued) Slide 1-10 LO Explain the need for high-quality standards Financial Financial Reporting Reporting Challenges Challenges Ethics in the Environment of Financial Accounting Companies that concentrate on “maximizing the bottom line,” “facing the challenges of competition,” and “stressing short-term results” place accountants in an environment of conflict and pressure IFRS does not always provide an answer Doing the right thing is not always easy or obvious Slide 1-34 LO Describe the challenges facing financial reporting Financial Financial Reporting Reporting Challenges Challenges International Convergence In 2002 the IASB and the FASB formalized their commitment to the convergence of U.S GAAP and international standards The Boards agreed to: Make their existing financial reporting standards fully converged as soon as practicable, and Coordinate their future work programs to ensure that once achieved, convergence is maintained Slide 1-35 LO Describe the challenges facing financial reporting Financial Financial Reporting Reporting Challenges Challenges Review Question The expectations gap is: a what financial information management provides and what users want b what the public thinks accountants should and what accountants think they can c what the governmental agencies want from standardsetting and what the standard-setters provide d what the users of financial statements want from the government and what is provided Slide 1-36 LO Describe the challenges facing financial reporting Slide 1-37 The fact that there are differences between IFRS and U.S GAAP should not be surprising because standard-setters have developed standards in response to different user needs IFRS tends to be simpler and more flexible in its accounting and disclosure requirements The U.S SEC recently eliminated the need for foreign companies that trade shares in U.S markets to reconcile their accounting with U.S GAAP Appendix 1A THE U.S STANDARD-SETTING ENVIRONMENT Organizations responsible for developing financial accounting standards (GAAP) in the United States: Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) Slide 1-38 http://www.sec.gov/ http://www.fasb.org/ Securities Securities and and Exchange Exchange Commission Commission Established by federal government Accounting and reporting for public companies Securities SecuritiesAct Act of of 1933 1933 Securities SecuritiesAct Act of of 1934 1934 Encouraged private standard-setting body SEC requires public companies to adhere to GAAP SEC Oversight Enforcement Authority Slide 1-39 LO Identify the major policy-setting bodies and their role in the standard-setting process Financial Financial Accounting Accounting Standards Standards Board Board Wheat Committee’s recommendations resulted in the creation of a the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) in 1973 Financial Accounting Foundation Financial Accounting Standards Board Financial Financial Accounting Accounting Standards Standards Advisory Advisory Council Slide 1-40 Selects members of the FASB Funds their activities Exercises general oversight Mission to establish and improve standards of financial accounting and reporting Consult on major policy issues LO Identify the major policy-setting bodies and their role in the standard-setting process Financial Financial Accounting Accounting Standards Standards Board Board Missions is to establish and improve standards of financial accounting and reporting Differences between FASB and APB include: Smaller Membership Full-time, Remunerated Membership Greater Autonomy Increased Independence Broader Representation Slide 1-41 LO Identify the major policy-setting bodies and their role in the standard-setting process Financial Financial Accounting Accounting Standards Standards Board Board Due Process FASB relies on two basic premises: Responsive to entire economic community (2) Operate in full view of the public (1) Step = Topic placed on agenda Step = Research conducted and Discussion Memorandum issued Step = Public hearing Step = Board evaluates research, public response and issues Exposure Draft Step = Board evaluates responses and issues final Statement of Financial Accounting Standard Slide 1-42 LO Identify the major policy-setting bodies and their role in the standard-setting process Financial Financial Accounting Accounting Standards Standards Board Board Types of Pronouncements Standards, Interpretations, and Staff Positions Financial Accounting Concepts Emerging Issues Task Force Statements Slide 1-43 LO Identify the major policy-setting bodies and their role in the standard-setting process Financial Financial Accounting Accounting Standards Standards Board Board U.S Generally Accepted Accounting Principles Principles that have substantial authoritative support Major sources of GAAP: FASB Standards, Interpretations, and Staff Positions APB Opinions AICPA Accounting Research Bulletins When the Board approves a new standard, staff position, etc., the results are included in the Codification through an Accounting Standards Update Slide 1-44 LO Identify the major policy-setting bodies and their role in the standard-setting process Financial Financial Accounting Accounting Standards Standards Board Board Illustration 1A-2 The Codification Framework Slide 1-45 LO Identify the major policy-setting bodies and their role in the standard-setting process International International Accounting Accounting Convergence Convergence Improvements in Accounting Standards IASB and FASB have set up an extensive work plan to achieve one set of international standards Illustration 1A-3 IFRS Adoption Timeline Slide 1-46 LO Identify the major policy-setting bodies and their role in the standard-setting process International International Accounting Accounting Convergence Convergence SEC Work Plan Sufficient development and application of IFRS Independent standard-setting for the benefit of investors Investor understanding and education Regulatory environment Impact on large and small financial statement preparers Human capital readiness Slide 1-47 LO Identify the major policy-setting bodies and their role in the standard-setting process Copyright Copyright Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Inc All rights reserved Reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted in Section 117 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the express written permission of the copyright owner is unlawful Request for further information should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc The purchaser may make back-up copies for his/her own use only and not for distribution or resale The Publisher assumes no responsibility for errors, omissions, or damages, caused by the use of these programs or from the use of the information contained herein Slide 1-48 .. .CHAPTER FINANCIAL REPORTING AND ACCOUNTING STANDARDS Intermediate Accounting IFRS Edition Kieso, Weygandt, and Warfield Slide 1- 2 Learning Learning Objectives Objectives Slide 1- 3 Identify... world Slide 1- 11 LO Explain the need for high-quality standards Slide 1- 12 LO Explain the need for high-quality standards Objective Objective of of Financial Financial Accounting Accounting... Reporting Standards (IFRS) Standards used on most foreign exchanges Standards used by foreign companies listing on U.S securities exchanges IFRS used in over 11 5 countries Slide 1- 18 LO Identify