Đặc điểm địa chất, địa nhiệt nguồn nước khoáng nóng khu vực Mỹ Lâm, tỉnh Tuyên Quang

Header Page of 126 I HC QUC GIA H NI TRNG I HC KHOA HC T NHIấN KHOA A CHT HONG VN HIP C IM A CHT, A NHIT NGUN NC KHONG NểNG KHU VC M LM, TNH TUYấN QUANG LUN VN THC S KHOA HC H Ni - 2016 Footer Page of 126 Header Page of 126 I HC QUC GIA H NI TRNG I HC KHOA HC T NHIấN KHOA A CHT HONG VN HIP LUN VN THC S KHOA HC C IM A CHT, A NHIT NGUN NC KHONG NểNG KHU VC M LM, TNH TUYấN QUANG Chuyờn ngnh: Khoỏng vt hc v a húa hc Mó ngnh: 60440201 GING VIấN HNG DN PGS.TS V Vn Tớch H Ni - 2016 Footer Page of 126 Header Page of 126 LI CM N Tron su t qu tr n T n n Qu n s n l qu u H t K o a cht, Trn H N n n t nt n t n, v nxn l v n n n i h c Khoa h c n lun v n, n rt n u s p t s m n n: PGS TS V V n T lu n tn tõm ch b o, n ng cụng vic uy n m n v k n n s ng cho h v n H n na, thy cũn rt u o n n, truyn t n n k n t uy n m n, t o u k n o v n t m t p N n N n u, n tng th tim n n bn a nhit vựng Tõy B m s KH N-T T - v n s l u, t , tr k n p v n t n lun v n n H n t v n xn t K o yt l n t n s u s t T y, a cht, Trn i h c Khoa h c T n o n n- Qu c gia H N n y, truyn t k n t , t o u k n cho h c viờn c s dng cỏc trang thit b cỏc Phũng thớ nghim a cht m trng v Thớch ng bin i khớ hu, Phũng thớ nghim ng v bn v p uy n mụn cho h c vi n tron su t qu tr n v t n lun v n Xn nt n m n n th nghiờn c u a nhit (NCS Trn Tr ng Thng, NCS Ph m Xuõn nh, ThS Ph m Hựn T n ) lu n ng hnh v cú nhng gúp ý quý bỏu cho h c viờn su t quóng thi gian h c v thc hin lun v n a mỡnh V u n n n hin lun v n s t, t ựn , x n lu n n yt l n t n n t n t n , n v n ng viờn, khớch l h v n tron qu tr n t ot n v k n t mon n n n n p lun v n u t p t o n n n lun v n k n tr n k n n s k n n pt T y, ov n o n t n v cú th trin k n n Hc vi n Hong Vn Hip Footer Page of 126 i n Header Page of 126 MC LC LI CM N i MC LC ii DANH MC BNG v DANH MC HèNH vi M U 1 Tớnh cp thit c ti Mc tiờu nghiờn c u c ti t ng v ph m vi nghiờn c u n : TNG QUAN V A NHIT V A CHT KHU VC 1.1 Tng quan v a nhit Tr t 1.1.1 Khỏi nim v a nhit v lch s nghiờn cu 1.1.2 Ngun gc ca a nhit 1.1.3 C ch hỡnh thnh v cỏc biu hin ca a nhit trờn b mt 1.1.4 Cỏc kiu a nhit 10 1.2 M t n qu n a cỏc ng dng c a nhit v nhu cu cu c s ng 12 1.2.1 Khai thỏc nc khoỏng núng 12 1.2.2 Khai thỏc nng lng a nhit phc v sy khụ nụng sn 13 1.2.3 Khai thỏc nng lng a nhit phc v si m 15 1.2.4 Khai thỏc nng lng a nhit phc v phỏt in 16 m a cht khu vc nghiờn c u 18 1.3.1 c im cu trỳc a cht v kin to khu vc nghiờn cu 18 1.2.2 c im magma khu vc nghiờn cu 21 1.2.3 c im trm tớch 22 1.2.4 c im t góy 23 1.4 Lch s nghiờn c u a nhit ngun M Lõm 23 1.5 Tiu kt 26 Footer Page of 126 ii Header Page of 126 n : PHNG PHP LUN, PHNG PHP NGHIấN U V CC KT QU 27 P n p p lun 27 p n p pn n u 27 2.2.1 Phng phỏp a cht cu trỳc 27 2.2.2 Phng phỏp a hoỏ 28 2.2.3 Phng phỏp a nhit k 31 2.3 Cỏc k thut phõn tớch phũng thớ nghim 33 2.3.1 Phng phỏp phõn tớch cỏc Cation theo cỏc phng phỏp phõn tớch phũng thớ nghim 33 2.3.2 Phng phỏp nghiờn cu ng v (Deuterium v oxignen) 36 2.4 Cỏc k thut s dng 36 2.4.1 Thu thp ti liu, thụng tin 36 2.4.2 Thu thp mu ngoi thc a 37 2.4.3 Tin hnh khoan kho sỏt, o a vt lý v cỏc thụng s vt lý ti khu vc nghiờn cu 38 2.5 Cỏc kt qu 44 n : LUN GII NHIT V NGUN GC THNH TO NC KHONG NểNG M LM TUYấN QUANG 47 3.1 Nhit thnh t o 47 3.2 Ngun g c thnh t o 48 3.2.1 Xỏc nh ngun gc ca dung dch a nhit theo tng quan ca ba hp phn Cl- - SO42- - HCO3- 48 3.2.2 Xỏc nh ngun gc ca dung dch a nhit theo tng quan ca ba hp phn K - Na - Mg1/2 49 3.2.3 Xỏc nh ngun gc ca dung dch a nhit theo tng quan t l ng v bn ca Hydro 2H hay Deuterium) v Oxy (18O) 51 xut m t s gi i phỏp khai thỏc s dn nc khoỏng M Lõm Tuyờn Quang 55 Footer Page of 126 iii Header Page of 126 3.3.1 ng dng cho ngnh nụng nghip (sy khụ nụng sn) 56 3.3.2 ng dng sn nc khoỏng 59 3.3.3 ng dng lnh vc y t 62 3.3.4 ng dng phỏt in 66 KT LUN - KIN NGH 69 Kt lun 69 Kin ngh - n ng nghiờn c u 69 TI LIU THAM KHO 70 PH LC 75 Footer Page of 126 iv Header Page of 126 DANH MC BNG B ng 1.1 Tng h p kt qu phõn tớch dung d B ng 2.1 Chun b dung dch chun a nhit ngun M Lõm 24 i vi phõn tớch quang ph hp th nguyờn t 33 B ng 2.2 Mụ t mu v x lý mu t i th a [2] 37 B ng 2.3 Kt qu phõn tớch cỏc cation dung dch nhit t i ngun M Lõm 44 B ng 2.4 Kt qu p n t n on v m l ng SiO2 dung dch nhit t i ngun M Lõm 44 B ng 2.5 Thnh phn ng v bn c a dung d a nhit M Lõm [9] 45 B ng 2.6 Thnh phn hoỏ h c ngun a nhit M Lõm theo cỏc kt qu nghiờn c u phc v lun gi i nhit ngun cp, ngun g c thnh t o 46 B ng 3.1 Kt qu tớnh toỏn nhit B ng 3.2 Kh n n s dn i sõu theo cỏc a nhit k 47 a nhit theo cp nhit (Lindal B., 1973) [21] 55 B ng 3.3 S n l ng s n xut nụng nghip c a tn Tuy n Qu n n m Footer Page of 126 v .56 Header Page of 126 DANH MC HèNH Hn S v trớ khu vc nghiờn c u (B n a hỡnh t l 1/10.000) Hỡnh 1.1 Hong t Piero Ginori Conti v h th n p t n a nhit u t n n m 1904 tai Larderello, Italia Hỡnh 1.2 Phõn b cỏc m ng v kiu ranh gii c a chỳng [49] Hỡnh 1.3 Cỏc d ng biu hin c a ngun a nhit t n qu n s t c trờn mt t [24] Hỡnh 1.4 Vớ d minh h a v cỏc lo i hỡnh bn ch (t o IG , Bn nhit Hn ), tron :( ) n nhit Tr o i nhit h th n S t m y p t S Hn kh cao; (2) Bn nhit a nhit trung bỡnh; (3) t n n l n a nhit phc v si m t i siờu c 16 n ng dng cụng ngh chu k nh nguyờn s dng a nhit 18 Hỡnh 1.8 V tr Hn n n l n a nhit 15 th EDEKA Aktiv-Markt Koch Shoemberg - n n l n t thp; (4) Bn nhit xut l trc tip 11 Hỡnh 1.6 Mụ t cụng ngh k Hn k a lý ngun a nhit M Lõm vựng Tõy Bc [3] 19 phõn b t góy, bn trm tớch khu vc bn a nhit M Lõm24 m l ng Cl, SO4 v HCO3 liờn quan c n a nhit theo l ng [17, 18] 29 Hỡnh 2.2 Biu tam giỏc Na-K-Mg1/2 [17, 18] 31 Hn c dn ng chun v thit lp thụng s o m y, n tot 34 Hỡnh 2.4 Phõn tớch mu 35 Hỡnh 2.5 H th ng phõn tớch kh i ph k ICP/OES: ULTIMA Horiba 35 Footer Page of 126 vi Header Page of 126 Hỡnh 2.6 V trớ ly mu nc khoỏng núng (dung d a nhit) t i L khoan 13 m a nhit M Lõm, Tuyờn Quang: a-Kh o sỏt t i L khoan 13, b-B o qu n mu sau thu thp ly mu 37 Hỡnh 2.7 Thu thp mu t i khu vc L khoan 13 38 Hỡnh 2.8 Tin Hn o n ok a nhit t i khu vc nghiờn c u 39 n tr sut t i khu vc nghiờn c u 39 Hỡnh 2.10 Hiu chnh thit b o trc thc hin 40 o Hỡnh 2.11 Kt qu n tr sut mụ t trờn phn mm s dng 40 Hỡnh 2.12a Kt qu o a chn k n 41 Hỡnh 2.12b Kt qu o a chn k n 41 Hỡnh 2.13 Khoan kh o sỏt t i th Hn a 42 o lu l ng v cỏc thụng s l khoan 42 Hỡnh 2.15 Kt qu o n t , Hỡnh 2.16 Kt qu o lu l ng 43 dn n, n tr sut l khoan 43 Hỡnh 3.1 Biu ba h p phn Cl- - SO42- - HCO3-, xem xột ngun g c c a ngun nhit M Lõm [16, 35] S liu biu din theo kt qu nghiờn c u c a lun v n (ML-01-Tb (*) nghim Du k M g , 2015) v cỏc nghiờn c u t ( 98 ); ih trc (M.Autret (1941); Phũng thớ c H N i (1984); Tip Kh ( 988); ih c a cht (1999); Cao Duy Giang (2912) Ghi chỳ: cỏc phõn bit ngun n t o n k vựn n n trn t n (M tur w t rs), nc ngo i vi hay t n (P r p r l w t rs), nc nỳi l (Vol n w t rs) v nc b (Steam heated waters) 49 Hỡnh 3.2 Biu ba h p phn K - Na - Mg1/2, xem xột ngun g c c a ngun nhit M Lõm [16, 35] S liu biu din theo kt qu nghiờn c u c a lun v n (ML-01Tb (*), 2015) v cỏc nghiờn c u t trc (M.Autret (1941); Phũng thớ nghim Du k ( 98 ); ih c H N i (1984); Tip Kh ( 988); ih cM a cht (1999); Cao Duy Giang (2012) Ghi chỳ: vựng g ch chộo l cn bng t ng Footer Page of 126 vii Header Page 10 of 126 phn (partial Equilibration), khụng g ch chộo (immature waters) l nc t c s cõn bng v cõn bng ton phn Hỡnh 3.3 Biu th hin m ( t n qu n lt Oxy n 8) c xõy dn tr n y n trng thnh 50 () ( lt ut r um) v 18O () s cỏc kt qu phõn tớch thnh phn ng v bn D (2H) v 18O [9, 35] l biu th cho t l ng v c a dung d a nhit M Lõm 52 Hn ho t ng c a ngun a nhit M Lõm theo ngun g k t ng theo mụ hỡnh c a White, D.E., v nnk (1971) [47] 53 Hn S tim n n a nhit bn a nhit M Lõm 54 Hn S mỏy sy n Hn S cụng ngh sy khụ nụng s n bng tr ng 58 uyn cho chố, rau c v trỏi cõy 58 Hỡnh 3.8 Mụ hỡnh thit b l c cỏt th ch anh 60 Hỡnh 3.9 H th ng tit trựn nc UV Model no.420GH 61 Hỡnh 3.10 Thit b l c Micro 61 Hỡnh 3.11 Mụ hỡnh thit b rút chai 62 Hỡnh 3.12 Kh o s t v t m qu n v u ng v du lch M Lõm cựng Ban Ch nhim ti mó s KHCN-TB.01T/13-18 63 Hỡnh 3.13 H th n m y Hỡnh 3.14 Nguyờn lý ho t Hn m n t 64 ng c m n t 64 Lu n n l ng c a m t h th n Hỡnh 3.16 Lp t c t n s n t Hn m y S Footer Page 10 of 126 n m y m a nhit ựn o si 65 o si to nh 65 n a nhit s dng cụng ngh Chu k Nh nguyờn 67 viii Header Page 27 of 126 ng dng cụng ngh tron k dn n n l n a nhit t n n l n a nhit n n n us o si m, lm mỏt, phỏt trin du lch, khỏm cha bnh hay thm phc v m s n xut n Tron , m s n xut n hin n nc phỏt trin n M, c, Iceland, Trung Qu c hoc n n p t tr n cú tim n n v a nhit ln n P l p n , In on s , K ny tr tr n u t nhiu nht trc nhng thc tr ng v n uy n kit cỏc ngun t n uy n n n l ng khụng tỏi t o v s c ộp c a chỳng liờn quan n vic x th i gõy nhng t ng xu m trng, gúp phn t n bin i khớ hu Cỏc nghiờn c u cỏc ngun cú tim n n rt n cho bit cỏc ngun nhit t trờn 200OC l o o p t n, cỏc ngun cú nhit t 140- 200OC l rt t t o p t n, cỏc ngun t 80 - 140OC l kh dng cho phỏt n v si m Hin cú 03 lo i hỡnh cụng ngh chớnh c ng dng n m uyn v n n n n t s n xut n bao gm: - Cụng ngh k ( ry St m): S dn nc s n xut trc tip t ging s n xut s dng cụng ngh ny, cỏc dung d a nhit t nc chim ch yu H nc trc tip l m qu y tu n p t n - Cụng ngh n v nc núng (Flash Steam): S dn nc c chuyn th t nc n n o nc núng nhit cao t l n t vi ỏp sut o l n, o gi m ỏp sut t ng t nờn chuyn thnh d n v n y lm quay tuabin Cụng ngh n y c s dn nhit dung d a nhit ln n oC i vi nhng ngun a nhit cú - Cụng ngh chu k nh nguyờn (Binary Cycle Technology): S dng dung dch th cp (hay cũn g i l working fluids) b ri lm quay tuabin Dung d a nhit y l un ch chớnh cú vai trũ lm núng v dn n b c un ch th cp (cú th l amoniac hoc Isobutan Nhit lm dung dch ny b c truyn t ngun nc núng s n xut tron n tr o i nhit Sau dung dch th cp b , n y l m qu y tu n, s u k qu tu n n l m n n t n un ch l n v tr l n tr o i nhit N n n c ly lờn t l n t sau ch y qu n tr o i nhit l c tr l l n t (cụng ngh c mụ t n n v y) n n n y c s dng cho nhng ngun a nhit cú nhit t 98 n 2000C (Hỡnh 1.7) Footer Page 27 of 126 17 Header Page 28 of 126 Hỡnh 1.7 S t mỏy phỏt in ng dng cụng ngh chu k nh nguyờn s dng nng lng a nhit Ngoi ra, hin trờn th gi n n t u ng dng cụng ngh chu k K l n p t n n n s dng cụng ngh chu k nh nguyờn n n n n chu k Kalina s dng dung dch th cp l h n h p c nc v mon yl n h p cú nhit y rt thp (kho ng 50oC ỏp sut t n t ng) Cụng ngh ny cú th cho phộp ỏp dng vi cỏc ngun a nhit cú nhit thp kho ng 70oC Tuy nhiờn cụng ngh ny cú thit k rt ph c t p v hin n m c ch y th nghim m t s nc trờn th gi n M, c, Nht B n v.v 1.3 c im a cht khu vc nghi n cu 1.3.1 c im cu trỳc a cht v kin to khu vc nghiờn cu Khu vc nghiờn c u thu c t b n Tuyờn Quang nm n t p giỏp gia chun u n np n V t Nam thu c nn Nam Trung Qu c, gm cỏc i Sụng Lụ, Sụng Hin, An Chõu v u n np Trc Nori Tõy Vit Nam gm i Sụng Hn , P n S P n ( ovjikov A E v nnk., 1965) hoc u n np Vit-Trung c kt v o l on vi cỏc vừng chng Mesozoi kiu rift n i lc (Trn V n Tr v nnk., 1979) Footer Page 28 of 126 18 Header Page 29 of 126 Khu vc nghiờn c u (Hỡnh 1.8) l n Caledoni, Hecxini v Indosini Tron tr i qua cỏc chu kỡ kin t o ln , hu kỡ kin t o In os n c ghi nhn vi s n t n n cu trỳc chớnh ngy nay, cho phộp xut hin ngun g c l n uy n v n un g c trm tớch bin c tri l lờn trờn b mt, tip sau l cỏc ho t ng magma v bin cht ựn v o t i k t n 230 triu n m tr y Ho t n n y ựn vi chuyn ng h i t kộo theo chuyn ng ph chm quy mụ ln vi cỏc cu tr a di lm xut l phn ln tr n mt n n y n y [ 8] Hỡnh 1.8 V trớ a lý ngun a nhit M Lõm vựng Tõy Bc [3] n Ngoi ra, khu vc nghiờn c u cũn thu Himalaya (35-5 triu n m tr vi ho t y) ng magma v bin cht d kin t o chu kỡ ny khụng ch tỏc gi n u tr n [ 8, 47] m Chớnh ho t Footer Page 29 of 126 n t o n n i góy sõu Sụng Hn v p vi ho t ựn vi ho t ng ny lm cho v l tr i qua chu kỡ kin t o t góy [24] Ho t ng ng magma bin cht n ng bin d ng dũn quy mụ v a khu vc b dp v t o 19 ựn Header Page 30 of 126 tr t bn tr cỏc ho t v n ns u ng magma tr t vựn tui t 26-7 triu n m tr l n n o t n t góy ny lm phỏt sinh c, v lm bin cht t o ruby cú y, c bit ghi nhn cỏc dung dch manti thnh phn siờu kim t o nờn m t s khoỏng vt siờu kim tron o p t n c t i khu vc Minh Tin [22, 27, 32] Bờn c n ru y c hỡnh thnh, ho t n y n l i cỏc biu hin a nhit s u, tron k o n n n ) xut hin d c theo cỏc Tron V a tn , ng kin t o n m nh t o cỏc ng u n np t i khu vc din khỏ ph c t p m l 6), n (Hỡnh m a nhit (nc vi bin d ng dũn t gy tr o n tõn kin t o thỡ ho t phõn v a hỡnh Ho t n u ng a nhit M Lõm Tuyờn Quang thu i Lụ Gõm t n t o a cht tui t Proterozoi, Cambri v Devon; n cht ngun g c trm t thnh phn gm yu l v m m , tron n un g c lc nguyờn - carbonat, c th n s u: - Cỏc thnh to thuc phõn h tng trờn ca h tng Pia Phng (D1 pp2): l r n n n o Uy - p, t n v n qu n p n tn o Vp + Tp 1: m n ; y - l m t o p n sột-s r t x n m, Mt t v x m trn , sột v , p n lp Amphipora sp., Pachyfavosites sp + Tp 2: Qu rz t v x n v p n t n s r t, p n v xỏm; dy 200-250m + Tp 3: t u k n p n sột-s r t x n o ; y t y 55 -7 P n tn m Tn v nm k n vựn T n Tr o, son k tr n x ms n , m P n tn tr n m H tn P v , qu rz t v n y n n qu n s t tn k o n - p tr n tn P N , tr t p uyn t p l n t l n tn M Lộ H tn lp p n xp vo von - Cỏc thnh to thuc lot Sụng Cu (D1 sc): s n un u), su mt t t t n n , + Tp 1: C t kt m u lp m n Footer Page 30 of 126 t kt v , lo t qu n s t o m t o su tn S K v n Rừm (t un l n n T , m n qu rz t t 20 u , p n lp trun n x n vt: Taeniocrada, Eospecia gracilis; Header Page 31 of 126 Ostracoda: Beyrichia sp., Leperditiidae, v.v; T y u n: Hysterolites cf wangi, Pugnacina baoi, v.v + Tp 2: C t kt x n l ; y tr n m, t kt v o t + Tp 3: C t p n sột m u n u o x m p t : Porolepis sp., Arctolepidida, v.v t kt v , sột v olom t o m u x m n u; y 100m y un tn k o n p tr n n u trm t n, n n m Lo t S n n p u nm k n n tn M Lộ - Ngoi cũn cú cỏc thnh tho thuc h tng Mia Lộ (D1 ml): H tn p n v tn P nTn , tn k n n , tn n n , nT , p n s l n t p n o m n x n lp m n n o t u k n vựng , mt t v t kt p n n p n t y r l m p n tn : t t kt t n ; n qu rz t, y + Phõn h tng trờn (D1 ml2): v t n v m t x mt t kt s r t, T y u n Euryspirifer tonkinensis, Dicoelostrophia annamitica, Pygnacina baoi tu n , n p n sột-s r t m u x m, + Phõn h tng di (D1 ml1): C t kt p n sột v qu n k P n , qu n s t t y p n t y t L n N m, lp m n , tron n u p n sột-s r kt t n , t u k n v n saurini, Squameofavosites cf cechicus v vựn K von sm t, sột v p n lp trun S n Favosites aff L u (n L -Gõm) Aulacophyllum cf vesiculatum, Tryplasma sp., Coenites sp., Thamnopora spdy 200-300m H tn M Lộ p n u, tn n p n Tõy B v tn ụng B t n S np n nm p tr n tn P k n n n P n p tr n lo t S n V p tr n, p 1.2.2 c im magma khu vc nghiờn cu Trong khu vc nghiờn c u tn t i hai thnh t o magma xõm nhp c th n s u: - Cỏc thnh to thuc pha ca phc h Sụng Chy ( sc1) bao gm: granit mica d n n s, r no or to n s, r n t ng porphyr, plagiogranit Footer Page 31 of 126 21 Header Page 32 of 126 d ng gneis V th ch h , a ph c h u cú mu xỏm bn loang l, b bin i m n ( r s n o , mylon t o ); m ch sỏng mu, ch a tinh th ln turmalin Nhng khoỏng vt t o n : f lsp t k l , pl o l s, t ch anh, biotit, muscovit Khoỏng vt ph cú apatit, zircon, sphen, turmalin, granat, silimanit, xenotin v monazit m hoỏ h c: C a ph c h m l ng (%): SiO2= 70-73; Al2O3= 13 - 17,38; FeO+MgO = 1,1 - 6,5; CaO= 0,04 - 3,64; tng kim = 6,55 9,2 vi K2O > Na2O m a hoỏ: Cỏc nguyờn t Y v Y lu n o trn l N , , L , P , u, V, Sr, n l rk Ph c h thu c kiu S-granit Qung hoỏ liờn quan l d t ng phúng x ven rỡa m t s kh i granit Ph c h Sụng Ch y xuyờn trm tớch Neoproterozoi Cambri h Ph c h nh tu tr von sm - Cỏc thnh to thuc pha ca phc h Ngõn Sn ( m pl t, p m t t, m u s n c im hoỏ hc: C p m l n (%): S O2= 63 - 75,7; Al2O3= 13 - 16,4; FeO+MgO = 0,99 - 7,4; CaO= 0,68 - 5, 5,8 - 8, v K2O > Na2O c im a hoỏ: C n l rk t n ,8 ln v n uy n t ns2): m trn l ; tn k m = , N , P , Zn lu n K o n vt p p t t, z r on, ort t, turm l n, r n t, s l m n t, ss t r t P N n S n xp tu Tr von mu n o l nt 1.2.3 c im trm tớch Holo n t n t o trm t o m: tron k u v n n u yu l trm t - Trm t s n t u tn T n ( QIV3 tb): yu trm t n s n , su p n t o t un l n t o n n o v n , t n p n yu m sột, t, t, s n m u x m n u n t y 57m - Trm t t k n p n t m s n k u v Tuy n Qu n , Footer Page 32 of 126 (Q): T n t o n y T p n tr n 22 o m o -50m, Header Page 33 of 126 t n k l t m IV v n t u n III Tuy n t t m p n un v o tu n t k n p n p n n n p n ( Q), y -2m 1.2.4 c im t góy Trong ph m vi phõn b c a ngun a nhit M Lõm cú h th n t góy tr vi pha bin d ng dũn c a chuyn ng kin t o H m l y , n n nm t r i bin d ng sõu Sụng Hng [47] (Hỡnh 1.9) bao gm: - H th n p n Tõy Bc- ụng Nam, l h th n cú qui mụ ln, v tr p n v lõu di, t o thnh nhn t góy sõu ỏ v v i cu trỳc vựng, ho t ng m nh m o c lp y bi trm tớch Neogen- t ; Nhiu ti liu nhn n m n y trn uyn dch ngang trỏi tron biu hin n o t ng ng minh h t góy Sụng Hn c tam (Tapponnier v nnk., 1990) v cũn - H th n p n ụng Bc-Tõy Nam, ch yu l t góy n i phỏt trin m n tron i Sụng Hin, An Chõu, Sụng Gõm v phn phớa n S n L H t góy Thỏi Nguyờn - Ch M v S n y vai trũ quan tr ng lch s kin t o c a vựng; - H th n t yp n k n tuyn ớt ph bin n, yu l cỏc t góy cú quy mụ nh Ho t n t góy n y u l t góy rt tr vi bin d ng dũn khụng liờn quan ti ho t n m m l din khu vc nghiờn c u t chu k kin t o Indosini (nờu trờn), l t góy nhỏnh c t góy sõu Sụng Hng, biu hin c a chỳng l cỏc ngun a nhit xut l d t o t góy (t i khu vc nghiờn c u l m nc khoỏng núng M Lõm) Cỏc ho t ng t góy ny chớnh l kờnh dn t o u kin cho s xut hin c a cỏc bn a nhit khu vc biu hin t n qu m xut l nc khoỏng núng khu vc 1.4 Lch s nghi n cu a nhit ngun M Lõm Trong quỏ kh , ngun a nhit M L m c nờu cụng trỡnh c a M roll n m [ ] N m F lon l m t s ngun nc i tờn g N n G (t o t n p n l ) v m nc khỏ núng, khoỏng hoỏ thp (cn khụ 0,336 g/l)[31] N m 94 , M Autr t ly mu phõn tớch thnh phn (B ng 1.1) nhm nghiờn c u m n a nhit c a Footer Page 33 of 126 23 Header Page 34 of 126 ngun n y [ ] N m 978, o n a cht Th y v n 47 200m (L khoan 13) [31] hin n t n hnh khoan sõu c khai thỏc ch t i hỡnh 2.6 Sau ny ngnh du k , Trn i h , Trn i h c M a cht, nhúm nghiờn c u c a Tip Khc n t n hnh nghiờn c u phõn tớch thnh phn húa h c c a dung d a nhit t i cựng v trớ l k o n v o n m 98 , 984, 1988, 1999 vi cỏc kt qu th ng kờ B ng 1.1 Hỡnh 1.9 S phõn b cỏc t góy, bn trm tớch khu vc bn a nhit M Lõm B ng 1.1 Tng h p kt qu phõn tớch dung d Ch tiờu phõn tớch Nhit khoỏng hoỏ H2S+ HS HCO3 CO3 - 2- Footer Page 34 of 126 a nhit ngun M Lõm ML1 ML2 ML3 ML4 ML5 ML6 (oC) 58,50 63,00 63,00 64,00 67,00 65,50 (mg/l) 259,00 343,11 300,00 299,94 175,00 290,00 (mg/l) 5,10 1,66 5,00 3,20 0,68 (mg/l) 125,40 129,40 134,20 133,63 140,00 146,40 (mg/l) - 0,00 - - 5,60 50,75 24 68,00 Header Page 35 of 126 Ch tiờu phõn tớch ML1 ML2 ML3 ML4 ML5 ML6 Cl- (mg/l) 9,70 12,67 10,60 17,02 17,50 4,30 SO42- (mg/l) 13,12 11,66 28,20 10,57 12,80 15,60 NO3- (mg/l) - - - 1,20 - 0,033 PO43- (mg/l) - - - 0,06 - - Na (mg/l) 15,00 59,99 117,40 62,80 61,11 61,80 + (mg/l) 3,70 4,10 3,83 2,40 3,60 2,30 (mg/l) 6,90 7,55 6,32 9,02 4,00 2,40 + K 2+ Ca 2+ Mg (mg/l) 3,12 6,41 2,50 1,70 0,60 0,10 2+ (mg/l) 0,50 1,50 1,61 0,22 0,01 - 3+ (mg/l) 1,50 - 1,08 - - - Fe Al - F (mg/l) - - - 8,20 6,48 2,11 + (mg/l) - - 1,80 - - - 2+ Mn (mg/l) - - - 0,33 - - Li+ (mg/l) - - - 0,08 - 0,13 SiO2 (mg/l) - - - - - 60,25 NH4 Ngun: ML1-M Autret, 1941; ML2-PTN u k , 98 ; ML - H HN, 984; ML4-T p K , 988; ML5- H M t, 999; ML6-Cao Duy Giang, 2012 [31] Gn y, o uy G n v ng s [9] t n hnh phõn tớch thnh phn húa h c v phõn lo i ngun n k o n n n , tron nc khoỏng núng M L m c lit vo lo nc khoỏng kiu hoỏ h c bicacbonat - natri v khoỏng hoỏ thp, xp lo nc khoỏng Sunlfuahydro- Fluor - Silic rt n n v cú tim n n i vi khu vc vựng Tõy Bc Theo nghiờn c u ny, ngun nc khoỏng M Lõm cú thnh phn t n ng vi m t s ngun khỏc ni bt khu vc Tõy Bc n N H , Pom Lot Uv ( n Biờn) v Qu ng Ngn (H G n ) Tuy n n, n ng vi cỏc nghiờn c u t c hin tr n n c u ny [9] t c hin lun gi i chi tit v m , a cht, nhit cht ngun cp i sõu v ngun g c c a dung d xut l c a ngun a nhit M Lõm a nhit n n n Túm l i, nhng kt qu nghiờn c u n tr n u cú th n n c rng ngun a nhit M Lõm l m t ngun khỏ tim n n N un a nhit n y c nghiờn c u t rt lõu tr v trc theo nhiu cụng trỡnh v n o nc khỏc Tuy nhiờn trờn thc t, vic lun gi i chi tit v nhit i sõu (thnh t o), ngun g c thnh t o c a dung dch nhit y Footer Page 35 of 126 25 Header Page 36 of 126 lờn b mt c a dung dch nhit theo th c n , n n s d liu v n n c lm sỏng t Bờn trn v cỏc thnh t o a cht, cỏc ho t ng kin t os l cỏc yu t quan tr ng giỳp cho lun v n t lun gi i ngun g v c a dung dch nhit quỏ trỡnh di chuyn lờn b mt Tr n s nghiờn c u cỏc yu t ny c a ngun a nhit M Lõm kt h p vi vic nghiờn c u hin tr ng khai thỏc s dng, lun v n s cú th r xut ng dng khai thỏc s dng n n l n a nhit t n y theo cỏc mc k n u phc v phỏt trin kinh t khu vc 1.5 Tiu kt Qua tng quan cỏc liờn quan ti n i dung lun v n cho thy rn cú th nghiờn c u, lun gi i nhit ngun cp i sõu, u kin thnh t o v ngun g c c a ngun a nhit M Lõm n n xut cỏc ng dng khai thỏc n n l n a nhit m t cỏch c th v khỏch quan, rt cn tin hnh nghiờn c u chuyờn sõu vi cỏc p n p p phự h p khỏc t n t n xut, gi i phỏp c th c th cho khu v n s tr n y p n phỏp v k thut s dng cho cỏc m n y Footer Page 36 of 126 26 Header Page 37 of 126 TI LIU THAM KHO [1] Arnúrsson, S., Gunnlaugsson, E., and Svavarsson, H., The chemistry of geothermal waters in Iceland III, Chemical geothermometry in geothermal investigations, Geochim, Cosmochim, Acta, 47 (1983) 567-577 [2] rmannsson, H and ểlafsson, M., Collection of geothermal fluids for chemical analysis, Report, SOR-2006/16 (2006) 11 [3] Bn a cht v khoỏng sn t l 1/200.000, T Tuy n Qu n , t v K o n s n V t N m, [4] BogoliuBov V.M, Solimene U (1996), Spa therapy of arterial hypertension, First International Symposium Hypertension 1996 : One Medicine, Two Cultures Compared Medicine, Roma [5] Nguyen, T.C., Cao D.G and Tran T.T (2005), General Evaluation of the Geothermal Potential in Vietnam and the Prospect of Development in the Near Future, Proceedings of the World Geothermal Congress, Turkey [6] Claude Lepvrier, Michel Faure, Van Nguyen, Vu Van Tớch, Phuong Ta Hoa, (2011) North-directed Triassic nappes in Northeastern Vietnam (East Bac Bo) Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 41(1) [7] Cao D G et al, (1999), Research and Evaluation of the geothermal potential and geothermal utilization in socio-economic development in the North Central area of Vietnam, Proj t R port Trun t m Lu tr a cht, H N i [8] Cao D G et al, (2003), Research and Evaluation of the geothermal potential and geothermal utilization in socio-economic development in the North Western Vietnam, Project Report Trun t m Lu tr a cht, H N i [9] Cao D G et al, (2013), Research and Evaluation of the geothermal potential and geothermal utilization in socio-economic development in the North-eastern Vietnam, Project Report.Trun t m T n t n Lu tr t, H N [10] Fournier, R O and Truesdell, A.H., An Emporocal Na - 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TỰ NHIÊN KHOA ĐỊA CHẤT HOÀNG VĂN HIỆP LUẬN VĂN THẠC SỸ KHOA HỌC ĐẶC ĐIỂM ĐỊA CHẤT, ĐỊA NHIỆT NGUỒN NƢỚC KHOÁNG NÓNG KHU VỰC MỸ LÂM, TỈNH TUYÊN QUANG Chuyên ngành: Khoáng vật học Địa hóa học Mã... Nhiệt ịa nhiệt Mỹ Lâm thành t o Nguồn g c c a nguồn Phạm vi nghiên cứu: Bồn ịa nhiệt Mỹ Lâm với biểu trực tiếp l k o n nước nóng t i khu vực xã Mỹ Lâm, huyện Y n S n, tỉnh Tuyên Quang Nguồn nhiệt. .. s dụng cho phát triển kinh tế khu vực vớ t u ề luận v n: Đặc điểm địa chất, địa nhiệt nguồn nước khoáng nóng khu vực Mỹ Lâm, tỉnh Tuyên Quang Footer Page 11 of 126 Header Page 12 of 126 Mục ti