stress

Word stress Word stress A. Two syllable words A. Two syllable words 1. Verbs 1. Verbs 1. 1. Ap Ap ply ply ar ar rive rive re re ceive ceive As As sist sist Bor Bor row row Fol Fol low low 2. 2. En En ter ter O O pen pen * Exceptions : * Exceptions : Permit /pә’mit/ Permit /pә’mit/ - A diphthong but /әu / - A long vowel - > 1 consonant - A short vowel - 1 or no final consonant 2 . nouns 2 . nouns mo mo ney ney ap ap ple ple ad ad vice vice de de sign sign ma ma chine chine * Exceptions : * Exceptions : in in sight sight dis dis cord cord 3. Adjective (same rule as verbs 3. Adjective (same rule as verbs ) ) Hap Hap py, py, Cle Cle ver, Cor ver, Cor rect, rect, Ex Ex treme treme  Exceptions Exceptions Pre Pre sent, sent, per per fect, h fect, h o o nest nest - A diphthong - A long vowel - A short vowel B. Three syllable words 1. Verbs 1. encounter determine consider 2. Understand entertain interrupt recommend Exceptions Verbs ending in “ish” Establish Demolish accomplish - A short vowel - > 1 consonant - A long vowel - A diphthong but /әu / - > 1 consonants B. Three syllable words 2. Nouns 1. potato disaster volcano tomorrow advantage - A short vowel - A diphthong /әu / - A long vowel - A diphthong - > 1 consonants { 2. quantity cinema animal elephant character 3. Heliport accident photograph - A short vowel - A diphthong /әu / - A short vowel - A long vowel - A diphthong - > 1 consonants { 3. Adjective (same rule as nouns ) Ex: enormous Absolute Possible Exceptions Bilingual redundant C. Complex words C. Complex words I. I. Prefixes Prefixes Most prefixes don’t affect the stress of the word Most prefixes don’t affect the stress of the word Ex: Ex: un un hap hap py py Ir Ir re re gular gular incor incor rect rect But there are some exceptions But there are some exceptions - Non Non sense sense - Se Se micircle micircle - se se mibreve mibreve II. Suffixes II. Suffixes 1. 1. Suffixes carrying stress Suffixes carrying stress - “ “ ee” ee” refug refug ee ee employ employ ee ee Exception Exception com com mit mit tee tee - “ “ eer” eer” ca ca reer reer engi engi neer neer volun volun teer teer - “ “ ese” ese” Vietnam Vietnam ese ese Japan Japan ese ese - “ “ ette” ette” ciga ciga rette rette Launde Launde rette rette “ “ ality; ility” ality; ility” personality personality flexibility flexibility ability ability “ “ esque; ique” esque; ique” picturesque picturesque unique unique technique technique Note: the suffix “al” doesn’t affect the stress but for Note: the suffix “al” doesn’t affect the stress but for words ending in “ent” words ending in “ent” Ex: Ex: Re Re fu fu se se   Re Re fu fu sal sal Acci Acci den den tal, environ tal, environ men men tal, experi tal, experi men men tal, tal, instru instru men men tal tal Exception Exception : : O O rigin rigin   o o ri ri ginal ginal 2. The suffixes have stress preceding them 2. The suffixes have stress preceding them  eous eous advan advan ta ta geous geous  graphy graphy Ge Ge o o graphy, pho graphy, pho to to graphy, ( graphy, ( pho pho to, to, pho pho tograph, pho tograph, pho to to grapher ) grapher )  ial ial com com mer mer cial, pro cial, pro ver ver bial bial  ic ic cli cli ma ma tic, eco tic, eco no no mic, scien mic, scien ti ti fic fic  ion/tion/sion ion/tion/sion per per fec fec tion, tion, na na tion, edu tion, edu ca ca tion tion  ious ious re re li li gious, de gious, de li li cious, in cious, in ju ju rious rious  ive/itive/ative ive/itive/ative re re lative, lative, sen sen sitive, in sitive, in form form ative, ative, in in ven ven tive tive  Note: ise/ize/fy/ate/logy/logist/cracy: the stress will falls Note: ise/ize/fy/ate/logy/logist/cracy: the stress will falls on the third syllable from the end of the word on the third syllable from the end of the word Ex: modernize, classify, liberate, democracy, technology, Ex: modernize, classify, liberate, democracy, technology, psychologist psychologist [...]... Levels of stress Primary stress: We put a high mark ' before the syllable  Secondary stress: We put a low mark , before the syllable  Secondary stress only appears when the primary stress falls on the third syllable to the end of the word  Secondary stress precedes primary stress one syllable Ex: conventional consumer conservation container Note: - We often have a weak vowel before the stress In... 1 If the first part tends to be Adjectival, the stress goes on the second element Ex: loudspeaker, bad-temper, second-class Exceptions: Superman, supermarket, superstructure, greenhouse, gentlemen, background, blackboard, blackmail, bluebell, blueprint (almost every word has the stress on “blue”) 2 However, if the second element tends to be a noun, the stress goes on the first element Ex: typewriter, . work, work, sun sun rise rise Levels of stress Levels of stress  Primary stress: We put a high mark Primary stress: We put a high mark ' before. syllable to the end of the word  Secondary stress precedes primary stress one syllable Secondary stress precedes primary stress one syllable Ex: Ex: con con ventional