Dangerous Waves by Pam Zollman H O UG H T O N MIF F L IN Dangerous Waves by Pam Zollman ILLUSTRATION CREDIT: Susan Carlson, Steve McEntee PHOTOGRAPHY CREDITS: Cover © AP Photo/APTN; © BPPT/Handout/Reuters/Corbis; © David Crossland/Alamy; © Isu/Getty Images; © Joe Fox/Alamy Images; 11 © AFP/Getty Images; 12 © AP Photo/APTN; 13 © James Robert Fuller/Corbis; 14 © BPPT/Handout/Reuters/Corbis Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company All rights reserved No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying or recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the copyright owner unless such copying is expressly permitted by federal copyright law Requests for permission to make copies of any part of the work should be addressed to Houghton Mifflin Harcourt School Publishers, Attn: Permissions, 6277 Sea Harbor Drive, Orlando, Florida 32887-6777 Printed in China ISBN-13: 978-0-547-02344-1 ISBN-10: 0-547-02344-8 0940 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 If you have received these materials as examination copies free of charge, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt School Publishers retains title to the materials and they may not be resold Resale of examination copies is strictly prohibited Possession of this publication in print format does not entitle users to convert this publication, or any portion of it, into electronic format Table of Contents How It Started Earthquake! No Warning Tilly in Thailand Alexa in Thailand Tarasa Dwip Island Indonesia 10 Sri Lanka 10 Maldives 11 Aftermath 12 A New Warning System 14 How It Started The morning of December 26, 2004, was sunny, and thousands of people were enjoying the beach They did not know that two plates on the earth’s crust, the Eurasian Plate and the Indian Plate, had just moved The Earth’s plates in the Indian Ocean Area Tectonic plate division lines E ur a si a n P l a t e Af r i ca n Plate I ndi a n P l a t e Antarctic Plate The pink lines show how the earth’s crust is divided into sections called plates Water Ocean floor Ocean floor The movement of the ocean floor at a nearby fault caused the earthquake and the tsunami Earthquake! Then it happened As the Indian plate tried to slide under the Eurasian plate, a fault, or long crack, suddenly broke open Earthquake! The earthquake violently shook the ocean The energy from the earthquake created waves These waves looked small at first, but they were traveling at 500 miles per hour—as fast as an airplane It was a tsunami Tsunamis travel in a group of three or more waves called a wave train As a tsunami approaches the shore, it enters shallow water It then slows down, but the height of the waves grows very large A tsunami is silent as it travels across the ocean, but it roars like a freight train when it pounds the beach The Quake Felt Around the World The earthquake that caused the 2004 tsunami was the largest earthquake in that area in 200 years It could be felt in countries around the world, including Canada, the United States, Peru, Japan, Norway, and Italy The tsunami also caused the tide to be higher than normal in many countries far from the quake No Warning At that time, there was no tsunami warning system in the Indian Ocean The intruder became more dangerous as it entered the shallow waters In many places, the ocean pulled away from the shoreline This was such a strange sight that people on the beach walked out onto the seafloor Then they saw the giant wave roaring toward the beach That was when many people finally realized the danger But it was too late Many homes and buildings were destroyed More than 200,000 people died Tilly in Thailand Ten-year-old Tilly, from England, was on vacation with her family in Thailand That morning, she noticed the ocean was acting strange It was foaming and seemed to be rising Then she remembered a geography lesson This was a tsunami! Tilly warned her family to run just before the wave charged the beach They escaped Many people like to visit Thailand’s beautiful beaches The 2004 tsunami destroyed many hotels and other buildings in Thailand Alexa in Thailand Alexa was in a hotel at 10:30 a.m A friend saw the huge wave coming and warned her The roar was unbelievably loud The tsunami rammed the building Alexa escaped to a mountain and spent the night in the enclosure of a half-built hotel Tarasa Dwip Island Abdul was at work in an observation tower on Tarasa Dwip Island off the coast of India He felt the shaking of a powerful earthquake He knew that earthquakes could cause tsunamis and warned as many people as he could Three giant waves destroyed many homes, but only three people died Many more would have suffered the same fate if Abdul had not warned them In some places, the water was more than 20 feet high People in observation towers like this one could see the waves coming Indonesia The tsunami swept a man named Rizal and his friend out to sea Rizal grabbed an uprooted tree and on Unfortunately, he became separated from his companion He floated and ate coconuts for eight days Finally, a ship rescued him Sri Lanka As the tsunami charged the shore, some babies got separated from their parents One was called “Baby 81.” His parents had so much love and affection for their son that they worked hard to get him back Finally, they did! His real name is Abilass 10 Maldives Dave worked in a hotel in the Maldives At 11:00 a.m., Dave saw a wall of water rising from the ocean Wave after wave hit the building The hotel was wrecked Dave and the staff stayed on the island for two days The bond between them grew strong They were inseparable until they were rescued by floatplanes that landed on the water Some tiny islands disappeared after the tsunami 11 Aftermath The chief concern after the tsunami was rescuing people Some people had been swept out to sea Some were trapped in rubble Others were stranded on islands or mountaintops or roofs Survivors tried to find relatives Injured and exhausted people were treated at hospitals The tsunami waves caused a lot of destruction on shore 12 Rebuilding began right away in many places There is still much work to be done Many resorts have since been rebuilt However, soil was washed away in many areas and coral reefs offshore were damaged Some tourists have come back for vacations, but it will take a long time for people to forget that terrible day 13 A New Warning System The United States installed a warning buoy, or large float, in the Indian Ocean in 2005 A tsunameter was attached to the ocean floor It sends a signal to the buoy when the water pressure changes The buoy then sends a signal to ground stations Buoys like these will help warn people of future tsunamis Tsunameters like this one have been added to the Indian Ocean 14 Responding Word Builder Many words have word parts added to the end of them In the word affection, -ion is added at the end Think of some other words that have endings added to the end of them Copy and complete the chart below TARGET VOCABULARY -ion -able -ly affection reliable lively ? ? ? ? ? ? Write About It Text to World Even though you can’t predict natural disasters, you can be prepared Write a one-paragraph emergency plan for your family Be sure to include an evacuation plan and a list of emergency supplies Use one word from the Word Builder 15 TARGET VOCABULARY affection bond charged chief companion enclosure exhausted inseparable intruder suffered Analyze/Evaluate Think carefully about the text and form an opinion about it TARGET STRATEGY What word can be used to describe both a battery and something a bull did? 16 Level: P DRA: 38 Science Strategy: Analyze/Evaluate Word Count: 915 4.5.24 Build Vocabulary HOUGHTON MIFFLIN Online Leveled Books ISBN-13:978-0-547-02344-1 ISBN-10:0-547-02344-8 1032233 ... earthquake created waves These waves looked small at first, but they were traveling at 500 miles per hour—as fast as an airplane It was a tsunami Tsunamis travel in a group of three or more waves called.. .Dangerous Waves by Pam Zollman ILLUSTRATION CREDIT: Susan Carlson, Steve McEntee PHOTOGRAPHY CREDITS:... tsunami approaches the shore, it enters shallow water It then slows down, but the height of the waves grows very large A tsunami is silent as it travels across the ocean, but it roars like a freight