Analogies for critical thinking g1 2

plane : flies boat: floats A terrific way to: • Sharpen logical thinking skills • Prepare for standardized tests • Understand word relationships • Improve & develop vocabulary Teacher Created Resources Editor Eric Migliaccio Editor in Chief Ina Massler Levin, M.A Creative Director Karen J Goldfluss, M.S Ed Illustrator Renee Me Elwee Cover Artist Brenda DiAntonis Art Coordinator Renee Mc Elwee Imaging RosaC See Craig Gunnell A terrific way to: • Sharpen logical thinking skills • Prepare for standardized Publisher Mary D Smith, M.S Ed • Understand tests word relationships • Improve & develop vocabulary Author Ruth Foster, M.Ed Teacher Created The classroom teacher may reproduce copies of the materials in this book for use in a single classroom only The reproduction of any part of the book for other classrooms or for an entire school or school system is strictly prohibited No part of this publication may be transmitted, stored, or recorded in any form without written permission from the publisher Resources 6421 Industry Way Westminster, CA 92683 WNW teachercreated com ISBN: 978-1-4206-3165-4 © 2011 Teacher Created Resources Made in U.S.A Table of Contents Introduction Practice What You Know 33 Fitting Pictures Together Alphabet Practice 34 Fitting Pictures Together Alphabet Practice 35 Fitting Pictures Together Writing Out the Link 36 Linking Pictures Writing Out the Link 37 Linking Pictures Trying Out the Link 38 Linking Pictures Trying Out the Link 39 The Same Link 10 Writing a Linked Pair 40 The Same Link 11 Writing a Linked Pair 41 Paying Attention 12 Spelling 42 Paying Attention 13 Spelling 43 Things that Go Together 14 Verb Link 44 Matching Linking Pairs 15 Verb Link 45 Matching Linking Pairs 16 What They Do 46 Body Parts 17 What They Do 47 Color 18 Purpose Link 48 Math 19 Purpose Link 49 Math 20 Part to Whole 50 Math 21 Part to Whole 51 Social Studies 22 Use What You Know 52 Social Studies 23 Use What You Know 53 24 Use What You Know 54 Time 25 Use What You Know 55 Science 26 Words that Sound the Same 56 Science 27 Link Review 57 Time ' The Solar System 28 Link Review 58 The Solar System r Practice Being the Teacher 59 29 Antonyms 30 Practice Being the Teacher Synonyms 31 Answer Sheets Antonym and Synonym Practice 32 Answer Key 62 #3165 Analogies for Critical Thinking 60 61 ©Teacher Created Resources Introduction Think of an analogy as a wonderful puzzle, and one has a great interdisciplinary teaching exercise An analogy is a type of comparison An analogy is when a likeness is found between two unlike things If approached as a puzzle, one solves the analogy by finding out how the pieces fit together What links the words to each other? How can they be connected or tied together? What is the relationship between them? cat is to meow as dog is to bark Although the example above may appear to be easy, it is an exercise that involves cognitive processes and critical-thinking skills One must comprehend the words read, categorize them, understand the connection between them, and then find a similar connection between a different pair of words In this case, both meow and bark are sounds that a cat and dog make, respectively Analogies written for this series will focus on a variety of word relationships They will develop, reinforce, and expand skills in the following areas: ~ visual imagery ~ reading comprehension ~ paying attention to detail (word sequence within word pairs) ~ vocabulary development ~ synonym, antonym, and homophone recognition and recall ~ understanding different shades of word meanings ~ reasoning ~ standardized-test taking Students will be able to demonstrate mastery by doing the following: ~ working with both multiple-choice and write-out question formats ~ analyzing and fixing incorrect analogies ~ writing their own analogies in both question and sentence format For interdisciplinary practice, some analogies will be subject-specific (addressing science, math, or social studies, for example) Others will push students to think outside of the box, as creative and imaginative connections between words will be asked for Students may then explain in writing or verbally (depending on skill level) how they created analogous word pairs or situations Blank answer sheets can be found on page 61 Use these sheets to provide your students with practice in answering questions in a standardized-test format ©Teacher Created Resources #3165 Analogies for Critical Thinking Fitting Pictures Together Directions: Look at the pictures below One of the pictures does not fit in with the others Cross out the one that does not fit in =-======= -= = ===== _ -=======-===== -~~================================~~==~~ -Tell or Write: Pick one of the questions above Tell or write why the picture didn't fit in #3165 Analogies for Critical Thinking ©Teacher Created Resources Fitting Pictures Together Directions: Look at the pictures below One of the pictures does not fit in with the others Cross out the one that does not fit in ~cY · U : , D D Directions: D Draw four pictures, shapes, or letters One of the pictures should not fit in Tell or Write: Which one of your pictures did not fit in? Explain why ©Teacher Created Resources #3165 Analogies for Critical Thinking Fitting Pictures Together Directions: Look at the pictures below One of the pictures does not fit in with the others Cross out the one that does not fit in i L- _ • _ o 14 I 16 Tell or Write: Pick one question Tell or write why the picture didn't fit in #3165 Analogies for Critical Thinking ©Teacher Created Resources Linking Pictures Directions: picture? Look at each row of pictures Which picture can best be linked with the first Fill in the correct bubble ® @ ~ ~ ® @ ~ ~ ® @ j ~ ~_'_._' 'H _.' ", , ,_,, _ ® Tell or Write: Pick one question Tell or write how the picture you chose can be linked to the first picture ©Teacher Created Resources #3165 Analogies for Critical Thinking Linking Pictures Directions: picture? Look at each row of pictures Which picture can best be linked with the first Fill in the correct bubble ® ® m © Q ~ ~ ® © @ - -~.- II II ii II !I Il L - ~ :1 Directions: _ -._ ® ® II _._._._ _-_ _-_ _ _.-.- ~ - - _ - - , - -_ _ - © @ " l!J ® ® t) _ ==~~====================== Draw three pictures One of your pictures should link to the first picture t]J -:r- ® ii © ========~_ ~:I~_= -= -~~~~~~==~========~-~==~===~===:==== Tell or Write: Which one of your pictures can best be linked to the first picture? #3165 Analogies for Critical Thinking ©Teacher Created Resources Linking Pictures Directions: picture? Look at each row of pictures Which picture can best be linked with the first Fill in the correct bubble ~=======r=: :::: - -== ' -=-==== = - - ® © ~ ~ ~ - - ® © S ~ ~ =-======= -=========~===== I ® I «: ® © J)] ~ ® ~ - ® © e ~ © Q Tell or Write: Pick one question Tell or write how the picture you chose can be linked to the first picture ©Teacher Created Resources #3165 Analogies jor Critical Thinking Part to Whole Directions: Look at the pictures Choose the answer that makes the best link -,, ==-= = -==-=-= = = ="=-.:= ® good to bad © bad to good @ all to part ® part to all Directions: Look at the word and picture pairs below Choose the pair that has the same link as the pictures in question If no pairs have the same link, fill in answer choice "c." "-" _ _ _-_._._ _-_._._- _ _ -_. _ _ @ ® c -+ cat cat -+ © c no same link @ ® © no same link ~~~ _._ _ ~~~ _ _ _ _ _ _-_ _ _ _-_ _ _ _ _._ _ _ _ _._ _ _ _ _._ _ _._ _._ _._-_._._, ._ _._ ® @ ~~[IJ [IJ~~ _._ _-_ _ ,-" _ _._, -._ _ © no same link © no same link - - - - -. .~ -.-.-. -. -.-. . ® -+ ©Teacher Created Resources LrJ 51 @ © -+ no same link #3]65 Analogies for Critical Thinking Use What You Know Sometimes you may not know a word Don't give up! Sometimes you can figure out the answer by using what you know Directions: Read all of the answer choices Cross out the ones that you know are wrong You will know they are not correct because they not have the same link Choose the answer that is left (Hint: In your head, read question #1 as "Dog is to puppy as dog: puppy small: ® rat: tail ® © cow: milk cat: meow @ kangaroo: joey " - =-= ====-==-= =- I super: great II glad: miserable sleepy: tired I ===@==c=h=e=e=rf=ul : happ_=y=~===, ,, =~ ,Il Directions: ") tiny ® ® © old: young @ wrong: right sweet: sour big: immense -=- =-="-=-= =-=-= = -= -== =-=-=-I~==: weak strong: ® ® © J is to lion: mammal ® sloth: mammal ® © frog: mammal snake: mammal @dinosaur : m-,-a-, m-, ,-"~, -_~-=-==::==:_ Use what you know to complete the following sentences Most likely, a joey is a Most likely, when something is immense, it is very Most likely, if someone is miserable, he or she is not Most likely, a - - #3165 Analogies for Critical Thinking 52 is a type of mammal ©Teacher Created Resources Use What You Know Directions: Read all of the answer choices Cross out the ones that you know are wrong You will know they are not correct because they not have the same link Choose the answer that is left deer: fawn ® cow: milk @ 1/ hot: cold :1 ® vast: tiny swan : cygnet @ wrong : incorrect © chick: rooster © happy: cheerful ® kitten : purr ® sleepy: tired i i robin: bird big: large ® soft: hard @ small : giant @ © happy: sad © komodo dragon: lizard ® silly: ridiculous ® snake : lizard Directions: ® flower: lizard blue whale: lizard Now use what you know to complete the following sentences Most likely, a cygnet is a Most likely, when something is silly, it is Most likely, if something is vast, it is not Most likely, a ©Teacher Created Resources is a type of lizard 53 #3165 Analogies for Critical Thinking Use What You Know Directions: Read the answer choices Think about how the words are linked Choose the pair of words that is not linked in the same way as the others If the words are linked in the same way, they cannot be the answer! There is only one correct answer ® open: shut © big: large ;1 ® ears: hear © eyes: see ® leg: knee ® nose: smell ! ® in: out ® go: stop Wrong choices: Wrong choices: _ :::::= -===11 ===A=n=sw=e=r t=h=a=t=m=u:::cs,,=t=b=e=r=ig=h=t=: I~ boomer: kangaroo ® buck: deer © cat: kitten ® dog: puppy ® duck: duckling Wrong choices: Answer that must be right: Directions: i _ Answer that must be right broccoli: vegetable ® apple: green © strawberry: ® banana: yellow ® peach: fruit Wrong choices: _ _ Answer that must be right: _ red _ Now use what you know to complete the following sentences Most likely, a male kangaroo is called a Most likely, broccoli is a kind of - Tell or Write: Write down four pairs of answer choices Make three of them the same link See if a classmate can tell you which one is not linked in the same way © . -® - ® ® #3165 Analogies for Critical Thinking 54 ©Teacher Created Resources Use What You Know Directions: Read the answer choices Think about how the words are linked Choose the pair of words that is not linked in the same way as the others If the words are linked in the same way, they cannot be the answer! There is only one correct answer ® hurry: rush © nap: sleep ® run: crawl ® buy: shop ® nail: hammer © sew: needle ® screw: screwdriver ® branch: tree Wrong choices: Wrong choices: _ Answer that must be right: _ i! xenopus: Ii massive: big frog II ® oak: tree © exit: enter ® up: down ® start: end Wrong choices: - - li 11 ® bunny: hops © little: small Ii ® bird: flies ® whale: swims il ll u II ii -II Wrong choices: _ II jL _ ~:r~ ~~_~~e~~~~~_~_~=~_~:_~~~~t~_-_._- _-. - Directions: rT1us~~g~t: - Now use what you know to complete the following sentences Most likely, a xenopus is a kind of Most likely, something massive is Tell or Write: Write down four pairs of answer choices Make three of them the same link See if a classmate can tell you which one is not linked in the same way ® © -® _ -® ©Teacher Created Resources 55 #3165 Analogies for Critical Thinking Practice What You Know Directions: Choose the answer that has the same link as the word pair Pay attention to spelling and word order few: many box: boxes ® crashes : crash ® quick: fast ® tax: taxs ® cold: hot © match : matches © smart: wise ® marsh : marshs ® pretty: beautiful buy: bought tail: wag eye: see grew: grow ® ® © caught: catch © hear: ear ® write: wrote ® teeth: lip ® ® swam: swim boat : floats smell: nose stop: halt ® rabbit: flies ® far: near ® fish: swims ® top: bottom © jumps: frog © high: low ® plane: twirls ® shut: close fingers : ten fast: slow ® ten: toes ® young: old ® one: nose ® cold: freezing © eyes: two © walk: fast ® fingers: toes ® slow: jog #3165 Analogies for Critical Thinking 56 ©Teacher Created Resources Link Review Directions: Draw lines to match the word pairs on the left with the type of link on the right kitten to cat A antonym (opposite meaning) petal to flower B synonym (same meaning) pen to write c homophone (same sound) large to big D part to whole ~ bench to benches E whole to part ocean to pond F one to more (plural) hot to cold c house to room H big to small t more (plural) to one I small to big geese to goose ] 10 ate to eight ©Teacher Created Resources 57 purpose #3165 Analogies for Critical Thinking Link Review Directions: Draw lines to match the word pairs on the left with the type of link on the right mountain to hill A antonym (opposite meaning) tell to told B synonym (same meaning) ~ c to book homophone (same sound) flour to flower D part to whole shirt to sleeve E whole to part gill to woman F past tense to present tense quiet to loud G present tense to past tense rope to tie H big to small fast to quick L small to big J 10 shook to shake #3165 Analogies for Critical Thinking 58 purpose ©Teacher Created Resources Practice Being the Teacher Directions: It is your turn to teach Look at the word pair in the box Show how to find the answer by completing the questions that follow I fox: animal ® fi rst : last © dandelion: ® empty: full ® bird: woodpecker plant First, make your link sentence •A is a kind of _ Next, tryout the link by writing in the word pairs: • A f is a kind of • An e is a kind of I f • A d b is a kind of P is a kind of w • A Answers and cannot be right because they have the same link They are both Answer _ cannot be right because it is in the wrong order Choose what the answer would be if the question was foxes: animal I ® dandelion: plant © dandelions: plant ® dandelion: plants ® dandelions: plants Answers and are wrong because there should be more than one dandelion Answer ©Teacher Created Resources is wrong because there should be only one plant 59 #3J65 Analogies for Critical Thinking Practice Being the Teacher Directions: It is your turn to teach Look at the word pair below Show how to find the answer by completing the questions that follow blink: eye © ® @ hand: wave ® shoe: foot wag: tail hat: head First, make your link sentence • You an _ Next, tryout the link by writing in the word pairs: • You h a • You a • You a • You a Answers and W cannot be right because they have the same link Answers cannot be right because it is in the wrong order Choose what the answer would be if the question was © ® @ petal: flower ® petal: flowers Answers and arms: starfish I· petals: flower petals: flowers are wrong because there should be more than one petal Answer is wrong because there should be only one flower - === #3165 Analogies for Critical Thinking 60 ©Teacher Created Resources Answer Sheets These sheets may be used to provide practice in answering questions in a standardized-test format Student's Name: Student's Name: Activity Page: _ Activity Page: _ ® ® © ® ® ® © ® ® ® © ® ® ® © ® ® ® © ® ® ® © ® ® ® © ® ® ® © ® ® ® © ® ® ® © ® ® ® © ® ® ® © ® ® ® © ® ® ® © ® ® ® © ® ® ® © ® ® ® © ® ® ® © ® 10 ® ® © ® 10 ® ® © ® ©Teacher Created Resources 61 #3165 Analogiesjor Critical Thinking Answer Key Fitting Pictures Together (page 4) dog (not cat) little dog (not big) sandal (not covered) soft chair (has cushion) snake (doesn't fly) tennis racquet (not ball) Fitting Pictures Together (page 5) carrot (not fruit) T (not lowercase) rectangle (not square) brush (not instrument) butterfly (not bird) Fitting Pictures Together (page 6) apple (only fruit, no bread) kitten (not dinosaur) kite (doesn't have to with space) refrigerator (can't carry) spider (has eight legs) dog (doesn't lay eggs) Linking Pictures (page 7) A C B A A C Linking Pictures (page 8) The Same Link (page 10) C D A The Same Link (page 11) B Paying Attention (page 12) A C C A Paying Attention (page 13) A C C B Things that Go Together (page 14) B C D D A A Matching Linking Pairs (page 15) Accept appropriate pairings Matching Linking Pairs (page 16) Accept appropriate pairings Body Parts (page 17) 1.A B B A C C B C Critical Thinking The number "3" should be one of the answers Math (page 21) 1.A C B A reverse order of one Social Studies (page 22) C B A B A Social Studies (page 23) A C B B Time (page 24) B B B C Time (page 25) C A B The number "8" should be one of the answers Color (page 18) 1.B C C A Science (page 26) B C A A bird should be one of the answers Science (page 27) C B A The color "red" should be one of the answers #3165 Analogies/or B A B B A C C Answers will vary A C A A C Linking Pictures (page 9) B Math (page 20) C C C 1.B C C B Answers will vary B Math (page 19) 62 A C ©Teacher Created Resources Answer Key The Solar System (page 28) C D B B A The Solar System (page 29) D C D A B Antonyms (page 30) C, small B, happy A, short A, young C, asleep B, few C, under A, out C, fast 10 B, far Synonyms (page 31) B, tiny 10 Alphabet Practice (page 34) A B C D D C Alphabet Practice (page 35) C A B D C A Writing Out the Link (page 36) You sit on a chair; a chair is to sit on You ride a bike; a bike is to ride A bike has wheels If it's tame, it's not wild (opposites or antonyms) A tire is made of rubber Writing Out the Link (page 37) Answers will vary five toes on a foot C, large A, catch A, grin C, quick B, weep B, shout C, exit A, close C, funny D, S Words that Sound the Same (page 33) B (bee, two) D (knight, tail) A (hare, eight) C (flower, road) ©Teacher Created Resources Writing a Linked Pair (page 41) fox: desert as elephant: grasslands; or, fox: elephant as desert: grasslands The link is "where the animal lives." insects: fox as plants : elephant; or insects : plants as fox: elephant The link is "what the animal eats." Spelling (page 42) foxes use a stove to cook stitches synonyms C, S no sweat glands: birds as glands: people; number of sweat glands in animal grasses cut with a saw B, S people: sweat as cats: pant: People sweat to stay cool, as cats pant to stay cool opposites (antonyms) use a ruler to measure D,A Writing a Linked Pair (page 40) trout is a type of fish girl and boy Antonym and Synonym Practice (page 32) B,A A,A (cant.) Trying Out the Link (page 38) lenses Spelling (page 43) 1.D B C LA C B A plural to singular Trying Out the Link (page 39) wishes B B A B A Verb Link (page 44) won caught ran drew present to past verb tense 63 #3165 Analogies for Critical Thinking Answer Key Verb Link (page 45) A; Answers will vary C;C D;A,B,C B;B What They Do (page 46) heals acts hops flies races dances name of something to what it does What They Do (page 47) l B A D;C Purpose Link (page 48) read write swing drive sweep cool Purpose Link (page 49) l C D B A D Part to Whole (page 50) year wall book foot forest alphabet link is "part to whole" #3165 Analogies for Critical Thinking (cant.) Part to Whole (page 51) l D B A C C A Practice What You Know (page 56) C B Use What You Know (page 52) l.D B D D C A A Link Review (page 57) C I B D A J baby kangaroo B F big glad H sloth A Use What You Know (page 53) l B E G 10 C A Link Review (page 58) l H I D C G A baby swan ridiculous D C J B tiny E 10 F komodo dragon Practice Being the Teacher (page 59) Use What You Know (page 54) A fox is a kind of animal l wrong: A, B, D; right: C A and B; opposites wrong: A, C, D; right: B D wrong: B, C, D; right: A C wrong: A, B, C; right: D A and B boomer D Practice Being the Teacher (page 60) vegetable Use What You Know (page 55) l wrong: A, C, D; right: wrong: A, B, C; right: wrong: B, C, D; right: wrong: A, B, D; right: frog big 64 You blink an eye B D A C B andD A C A and B D ©Teacher Created Resources Approach analogies as puzzles To solve them, students need to use cognitive processes and critical-thinking skills The activities in this book: • Help students develop skills in visual imagery; reading comprehension; paying attention to detail; vocabulary development; synonym, antonym and homophone recognition; reasoning; and standardized test-taking • Give students practice in working with both multiple-choice and write-out question formats; analyzing and fixing incorrect analogies; and writing their own analogies in both question and sentence formats • Present some analogies within curriculum areas (such as science, math, or social studies) and present others that push students to think creatively, making imaginative connections between words The goal is to develop a variety of skills, ranging from vocabulary development to reasoning and test-taking •• • • • • • • • • • • ISBN Related Products - - -_ • • •• •• • • • • • • TCR 2561 TCR 2562 TCR 3166 Grade Grade Grade 978-1-4206-3165 50999 PRINTED IN U.S.A 781420 631654 a 88231 93165 ... write-out question formats ~ analyzing and fixing incorrect analogies ~ writing their own analogies in both question and sentence format For interdisciplinary practice, some analogies will be... students with practice in answering questions in a standardized-test format ©Teacher Created Resources #3165 Analogies for Critical Thinking Fitting Pictures Together Directions: Look at the pictures... to as is to © ®_ - Tell or Write: Which one of your answers for question was correct? Tell or write why #3165 Analogies for Critical Thinking 20 ©Teacher Created Resources Math Directions: Look