2.3 How plants and animals live together (life science)

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by May Evans

Scott Foresman Science 2.3

Genre Comprehension Skill Text Features Science Content

Nonfi ction Cause and Effect • Diagrams

• Glossary

Ecosystems

ISBN-13:

ISBN-10:

978-0-328-34216-7 0-328-34216-5

9 7 8 0 3 2 8 3 4 2 1 6 7

9 0 0 0 0

Life Science

34216_CVR_FSD Page Cover1 1/23/07 2:52:36 PM christ /Volumes/403/sf00207_SciLR_copyright%0/sf00207_G2/sf00207_G2a_Below/34216

by May Evans

Scott Foresman Science 2.3

Genre Comprehension Skill Text Features Science Content

Nonfi ction Cause and Effect • Diagrams

• Glossary

Ecosystems

ISBN-13:

ISBN-10: 978-0-328-34216-70-328-34216-5

9 7 8 0 3 2 8 3 4 2 1 6 7

9 0 0 0 0

Life Science

34216_CVR_FSD Page Cover1 1/23/07 2:52:36 PM christ /Volumes/403/sf00207_SciLR_copyright%0/sf00207_G2/sf00207_G2a_Below/34216

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consumer

food chain

food web

predator

prey

producer

What did you learn?

each other safe Write to explain how this happens Use words from the book as you write

changes to a food web? What effect did the oil spill have on the sea otters on page 15?

Photographs: Every effort has been made to secure permission and provide appropriate credit for

photographic material The publisher deeply regrets any omission and pledges to correct errors called to its

attention in subsequent editions Unless otherwise acknowledged, all photographs are the property of Scott

Foresman, a division of Pearson Education Photo locators denoted as follows: Top (T), Center (C), Bottom

(B), Left (L), Right (R) Background (Bkgd)

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NHPA Limited; 4 ©Ian Beames/Ecoscene/Corbis; 6 (BL) ©Royalty-Free/Corbis, (BR) ©Joe McDonald/

Corbis; 7 (CR) ©William Bernard/Corbis, (BL) ©Gail Shumway/Getty Images; 8 (CC) ©Royalty-Free/

Corbis, (TR) ©DK Images, (CR) ©Joe McDonald/Corbis, (BR) ©Stephen Krasemann/NHPA Limited;

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Images; 20 ©Richard Murphy; 21 ©Eric and David Hosking/Corbis; 22 ©Pete Atkinson/NHPA Limited

ISBN 13: 978-0-328-34216-7; ISBN 10: 0-328-34216-5

protected by Copyright and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior

to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any

form by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise For

information regarding permissions, write to: Permissions Department, Scott Foresman,

1900 East Lake Avenue, Glenview, Illinois 60025.

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How Plants and Animals

Live Together

by May Evans

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What do plants and

animals need?

Plants are living things

Plants need air and water

Plants need light from the Sun

Plants need space.

Plants are producers

A producer makes its own food

3

Animals are living things too

Animals need air and water

Animals need shelter

Animals need space.

Animals are consumers

A consumer cannot make its own food

A consumer gets food from its habitat.

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Different Needs

Plants and animals live together

Plants and animals need each other

Plants and animals get what they need from

the places they live

5

Big animals need a lot of food and space

Small animals need less food and space.

If there is not enough food and space, some animals may die.

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How do plants and animals

get food in a grassland?

Most plants make food

Some animals eat plants for food

Other animals eat these animals

This is a food chain.

All food chains start with the Sun

Plants get energy from the Sun

Plants use energy to make food

7

Animals eat the plants and other animals

Energy goes from the Sun to the animals.

All food chains have predators

A predator hunts and eats other animals

All food chains have prey

Predators eat prey

Prey is the food of predators.

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Food Web in a Grassland

Places can have more than one food chain

A food web is many food chains in

one place

A grassland has many food chains

They make up a food web

Fox Raccoon

9

Look at the arrows in this food web

How many animals eat corn?

How many animals eat voles?

Living things in a food web need each other for energy.

Hawk

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get food in an ocean?

An ocean has food chains and food webs

Kelp starts an ocean food chain.

Kelp grows in the ocean

It uses light from the Sun to make food

Kelp

Sea star

Sea urchin

The sea urchin gets energy when it eats the kelp

The sea star gets energy when it eats the sea urchin

Energy from the Sun goes to all the plants and animals in the ocean.

11

Sea otter

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A Food Web in an Ocean

There are many food chains in an ocean

They make up ocean food webs

Kelp

Kelp crab

Sea urchin

Sea star

13

Look at this picture of an ocean food web

Which animals eat kelp?

How many animals eat sea urchins?

Orca

Sea otter

Sea gull

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What can cause a food web

to change?

Many things can change a food web

Changes can hurt plants and animals

Some changes are caused by people

The oil from a ship spilled into the ocean.

Look at these sea otters

Sea otters have fur

The sea otters’ fur was hurt by the oil

People cleaned the sea otters

They also cleaned the water

People made the ocean safe again.

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help each other?

Plants and animals can help each other

Animals can use plants for shelter

The animals can help the plants too.

An ant makes its home on an acacia plant

The ant helps the plant stay safe

It bites any animal that tries to eat the plant.

Cardinal fish live near sea urchins

The sea urchin’s spines stop other animals from eating the fish

Cardinal fish do not help or hurt the sea urchins.

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Building Nests

Some animals use plant parts to make nests

Some animals use animal parts to

make nests.

19

This squirrel’s nest has twigs and leaves on the outside

The twigs and leaves come from plants

This nest has feathers and wool on the inside

The feathers and wool come from animals.

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Animals Need Each Other

Sometimes animals help each other get food

Sometimes animals keep other animals safe

This bird eats bugs that might hurt the rhino.

21

This boxer crab can stay safe near

a sea anemone

A sea anemone is an animal

The sea anemone can sting predators that want to get the boxer crab.

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A remora fish swims with a shark

The shark keeps the remora fish safe

It scares away predators.

The remora fish needs the shark

The shark does not hurt the remora fish.

22

Plants and animals live together in their habitats

They need each other in many different ways

23

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Glossary

its own food but gets it from its habitat

plants to animals in a habitat

other animals

animals

food

Vocabulary

consumer

food chain

food web

predator

prey

producer

What did you learn?

each other safe Write to explain how this happens Use words from the book as you write

changes to a food web? What effect did the oil spill have on the sea otters on page 15?

Photographs: Every effort has been made to secure permission and provide appropriate credit for

photographic material The publisher deeply regrets any omission and pledges to correct errors called to its

attention in subsequent editions Unless otherwise acknowledged, all photographs are the property of Scott

Foresman, a division of Pearson Education Photo locators denoted as follows: Top (T), Center (C), Bottom

(B), Left (L), Right (R) Background (Bkgd)

ISBN 13: 978-0-328-34216-7; ISBN 10: 0-328-34216-5

protected by Copyright and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior

to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any

form by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise For

information regarding permissions, write to: Permissions Department, Scott Foresman,

1900 East Lake Avenue, Glenview, Illinois 60025.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 V010 13 12 11 10 09 08 07

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