Văn Hóa Văn Minh Anh (Eng.Ver)

PREHISTORY + 2000 years ago: Iron Age Celtic culture (North West Europe islands) + For nowadays British, the prehistory is the secret by this period’s architecture + Wiltshire has architectures in South-Western England ROMAN PERIOD + The roman province, where the Romans imposed their culture: Roman dress & use Latin language THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY - In 1707, Scottish parliament was dissolved from the Act of Union Some of it members moved to English and Welsh parliament  two kingdoms: United Kingdom of Great Britain After then, Scotland retained the law whose is similar to continental European system and maintained up to now - Politics seemed stable in this century since Monarch and Parliament got on well each other: + Monarch had patronage (ability to give people jobs, control election, have voting habits) + Parliament had a separation into two groups: • The first is Whigs, which was political descendant of parliamentarians • The second is Tories, which based on monarchy and Anglican church Beginning of periods of party system in Britain THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY - Politics in highland of Scotland had a great change: the Celtic life was completely destroyed by the twice attempts to put Catholic Stuart monarch back on the throne - There are also many developments in this century such as: industrial manufacture, transport - Unlike the north of Britain, although the south of Britain was not an industrial center, it was a business and trading center In this century, the power relied on the land which monarchs were possessing so there were many mansion built THE NINETEENTH CENTURY - Queen Victoria : + Confirmed powerlessness + Became a British symbol of success in the world + She devoted the throne to her husband, Prince Albert -Not long before, England lost many its colonies - At the start of 19 th century, Britain was locked in the war with France - After the war, Britain made a big empire - There was a failed potato crop years in a row so a big famine happened soon - By the end of the century, the remaining population had switched to English as their first language THE NINETEENTH CENTURY - Britain settled Canada, Australia, New Zealand, India , and Caribbean which is earlier settlement and except South Africa - The head of government is Vicerory which is similar to monarch - The colonization had many issues around the growth of empire such as: Settlement, commerce, military The main purpose is to have many colonies, not to govern them - The end of the century, there was a destiny, discrimination between people in city and landowners - As a result, there were some revolutions about slavery, laws against people, protection laws However, people in town or city feel unpleasant since the polluted surroundings - Many writers and intellectuals protested against this new style of life THE TWENTIETH CENTURY - Creation of Irish people: + Internal self-government + Complete independence + Many protestants in Ulster in the north of Ireland - Because of not want to live in a Catholics government, the British partitioned the country between groups: + Catholic: • In the South of Britain • Want to be independent • Savage repression of the “Easter Rising” happened in 1916 • Eventually, 1922, the south became independent from Britain + Six countries: • Became provinces of Britain in North Ireland - In the first 20 years of 20 th century, Britain had extremism: + Women wanted to suffragette + Signal to disobey the government + Had many opposite opinions such as: … + The rather un-British climate of extremism died out THE TWENTIETH CENTURY - 1919 less empire, more confederation - A couple years later, Britain lost most of its oldest colonies (the creation of Northern Ireland) - 1956, British & French stopped Egyptian government - 1950, USA, Soviet Union, & Britain had a great corporation in the conference - 1962, the effect of the peace of the global since Cuban missile crisis - 1974, Cyprus was invaded by Turkey - 1997, Hong Kong was removed to China by Britain - The start of 20 th century, Labour party replaced Liberal party  liberals >< Conservatives - 1926, can hold a General Strike - 1930-1980: Trade Union Congress - 1900, 2000,… something synonymous in some start of the centuries is to have high unemployment rate