A ring B phone C.telephone D: call
5 Someone answers the telephone and you say, “Can l Elsa please?” kẻ A speak to B talk to C say to D tell AN
6 How do you pronounce the first figure in the number: 071 499 vất
| A oh *B nil, C love D nought T
7 The telephone out of order, Mr Brown did not know what to do A was B being - C.has been D.was being 8 Television only for the last sixty years @ +
A must be existed B has been existe | C was existed | D has existed ©)
9 He didn’t seem to mind TV while he was trying to study ° A that they watch B their watching
C them watching D them.to’ ‘watch
10 When I telephoned the headmaster, his secretary told me to on as
he was talking to someone &3
A wait B go C hold D carry 1] May I watch the television prograny Pin we are having lunch ?
A while B.during < + €.between D.just
12.1 looked up their number in the télephone aac , g
“A guide B list 5 — C directory D catalogue 13: H De PHOHESssssee him to buy ‘some potatoes on the way home
A.remember B recollect C recall D remind 14 } think you'd for a | plumber and get it done
A better-to phone - i B better phone
C rather to phase” D rather have call 15 John is very good „rừn playing computer games
A at ay B on C in D to
YY
66 Fill each‘gap in the sentences with the correct form of the word in capital letters
l Some parénts WOITV about their children’s to computer games
ty ADDICT
eh ‘hey believe that playing games for too long can be to their |
„ehildren' s health : HARM
3 In particular, parents are afraid of changes in the children’s
vS PERSON
AY
Trang 2
4 Some parents have frequent with their children about how often < | and how long they should play these games for ARGUE SY
5 There is no proof that computer games are dangerous K Ss
SCIENCE 6 Although the basic is relatively cheap , the computer games
themselves are expensive | EQUIP.) ¬
7 Computer game companies employ special to help (people who get into difficulties with their games : ABVICE
8 A source cannot be directly proeeseed by the computer until it has
DEEH sua : \COMPILE
9: Our introductory programming text included a brief — of many
high-level languages ae DESCRIBE
10 Did the analyst give the new programmer thé ` King necessary to start
on the project ? - NY SPECIFY
11 The time necessary for a program 3§ usually indicated on the
computer printout Aj] » EXECUTE
12 The success of the course depends ‘en 'the of the tutors to help
the students in their computer assi AVAILABLE
13 Computers are used in on-line airline ` RESERVE
14 The memory of a compete has numerous storage called
addresses Su LOCATE
15 The system analyst insist&do On the junior programmers for the first three months of their work | SUPERVISE
— é q mm" C ~ À v `
67 Read the passage: Sand choose the best answer
A new VR, (virtual reality) headset for the home user will be in - the shops soon They makers: (1) sca that it will change the way that computer games , are played Unlike the heavy VR headsets that people have been using-in arcades (2) the last few years, the new sets look more like a pair of sunglasses than a fireman’s (3) A spokesman
for the company said, “A lot of people had (4) with the old
headsets "They were (Š) heavy that if you wore them (6) for more than an hour or so, they could cause quite a lot of (7) Our
Trang 3
Some scientists, however , are (8) about the effects of VR Child psychologist Brenda Smith explained: “There have (9) beet several cases or violence among young children where computer games were to (10) With VR, we will soon have children who are not (11) to playing with other people (12) your life in a, constant
battle with aliens and monsters is not really a (13) environment for
someone young We (14) that a child should experience actual reality, not virtual reality, and it would be.a great (15) uf efor parents to bring this sort of technology into the home.” &
L A claim _B threaten C.offer Y -D recommend 2 A since B ago C among AD) ) D.for
3; A hat B cap C helmet) D hood
4 A mistakes _B faults C problems D errors
5 A very — B too kĩc So D such 6 A continuously B ky gi C ‘always D regularly
1 A hurt B.ache ee, pain - D suffering 8 A afraid B worried Vi scared D threatened 9 A yet B ever & C still D already
10 A fault : B error,< “ —€., defect D blame 11 A.used B mad@s” C.allowed _—OD interested
12 A Spending _ B Doing C Making D Passing
là, A convenient B sùitable C real D right
14 A recommend, Brtell: C offer D speak
F5 A defect ‹® fault € mistake D blame
68 Fill each ốp h in 1 the passage with the correct form of the word in brackets
" => THE OPERATING SYSTEM
When a computer is turned on it searches for (1) (instruct)in its memory ‘Usually, the first SetroL (2) sscscers (this) instructions is a special program @) khe (call) the operating system, which is the software
that\makes the computer work It prompts the user (or other machines)
Trang 4sequence of the software and hardware actions When the (5) &
(use) requests that a program run, the operating system loads the program in the computer’s (6) (memorize) and runs the programs” F
Popular operating systems, such as Windows 95 and the Macintosh
operating system, have a graphical user interface (GUI) - thats is, a
display that uses tiny pictures, or icons, to represent (7) vessels @vary) : commands To execute these commands, the user clicks thecinouse on
the icon or presses a (8) (combine) of keys on the keyboard
Ry 1
69 Fill each gap in the passage with a suitable word from the
box a
= AY 3
computer games machine problems
kind programs — lan guage courses TK —y Wy
Today computer companies Se many different (1) for
‘ computers First, there are programs ‘for doing math (2) Second,
there are programs for scientific, Studies Third, some programs are like fancy typewriters They are ofteiy ‘used by writers and business people Other programs are made for (3) er in schools and universities And finally, there are programs for fun These include word (A) and
puzzles for children and | adults
Computer (5) 4S ›: can be funny at times For example, we say computers have a memory We know they do not really remember or think But we still, say memory Also, on many (6) programs there
is a menu Of course, we are not talking about restaurants or food This is
a different (Te Xe of menu Another funny example is the mouse in some computers It is hard not to think about a real mouse when you hear the word But do not worry: there are no little gray animals in the (8)
ao
Trang 570 Fill each gap in the passage with one of the words or phrases
from the box Remember not to use five of them _ &
OS ,
according to bring about coverage designed jun ` entertainment established eVeHfs in addition to means |
pictures purposes through throughout tate
Television is one of man’s most important (ER: § thật 2ÿ 0à of
communication It brings (2) and sounds from around the world
into millions of homes A person with a television set can sit in his house and watch the President (3) a speech or visit as foreign country He
can see a war being fought and watch statesmen Ary to (4) peace
ea eee television, home viewers can see and lềrn about people, places , and things in faraway lands TV even takes its viewers out of this world It brings them (6) of American’ s<astronauts as the astronauts
explore outer space AY
C < -« all these things, television brings its viewers a steady
stream of programs that are (8) A entertain In fact, TV provides
many more (9) programs han any other kind The programs include action-packed drams, light.comedies, sporting (10) NS CS » ` 71 Choose the best answer )
| ?'m sorry I didn’t Bhan you last night I was up t0 TH coaaae in work, ‘ A head ‘By ears C shoulders D.eyes
2, LAO Seale sees 3 Scope i in this country nowadays owns a television
set ` ,
A part ~- B.majority C.number D mass
3 Would YOU not using the office telephone to make private calls,
please ?, =>
A hate_ ye B dislike -C care D mind -.-
4 Teleyision has a not only to entertain people But also to inform
them ” |
A “hecessity B respect | C duty D discipline
SE phoned the bank to how much money there was in my account
oN “A control B inspect C test D check
R& At the end of the day we watch a Iittle television going to bed
TỶ 56
Trang 6A before B.then | C upon D during „5k 7 My phone is out of order, which is a | CG Sy
A hurt B nuisance C trouble D.ham A S
8 Give her a telephone number to ring she gets lost ‘ ` : A whether B unless C in case D perha
9 If you have any concerning this * report please telephone the
Planning Office :
A queries B requests C investigations ] D Gyishes 10 The interference on the radio was by weather conditions
A made B caused C raised s Đ happened
11 If you require any more about the holidayggease telephone us
A description B information C.news ~<” D facts
12: If I were you, sss phone and tell her you tÈ: toỉng to be late
_ A.Fd BI — C.Idhave DI
l3 T tuuxza John, tell him 71] phone him later,
A you saw B you’d seen Cyyou’llsee D you see
14 Bob says there’s never anything worth’ ‘watching on TV but for
hours watching the football LS
A he’d sat -B he Is sitting, -C: ‘he’ tk sit -D-he sit 15 Don’t try to phone me By the time you read this letter, ,
A I’ve left B.I IS le C.I'llleave D.m learning 72 Fill each gap in the- genleiors with the correct form of the
word in capital letters y”
~] When you’ve .45 xthis book, you should have a basic knowledge of
computers and how they work COMPLETE
2 Microcomputers are usually to operate SIMPLIFY
Trang 78 The Banking industry has become more and more
COMPUTER <= 9 The components of a computer system operate only in ‘ toe
commands from the control unit RESPOND “<’
10 A programmer what the computer is to do, and without the
program the computer cannot process the necessary information, ” DECISION
tl Computers have many nai characteristics that the dayman is
unaware of | DISTINGUISH
LẪu HP veseasasosseec of a new and larger installation me ‘result in a better
service to custgmers | PROVIDE
13 Information sent via a computer is faster than { “using thé sccm |
system of airlines or postal service ne EXPRESSION
14 There is a difference between an anateg ‘computer with a digital
one KX ‘CONSIDER
15 Due to the advances in computer teofriology computer are
faced with a more challenging job: % >> DESIGN
73 Choose the best answer KY 2 2 |
1 We must save money“before we can think of buying a new
computer cà)”
A more very much S | B very more much C much very more D very much more
2 The person who speaks « ‘on the radio is a
A radiator SB: broadcaster C loudspeaker D newsman '
3: CAM yOu sss a pound ? I need some money for the telephone box A change” SY B exchange € give D spend
4 He said, “You _ watch TV all the evening if you wish.” A shold B.haveto — ~C may D ought to 5 My father had the telephone .out of his office
A take B taking C taken D to take 6 “Ù m trying to remember their phone number.”
~Uy don Ty0u in the phone book 2”
xa A.lookitup B.lookupit C.lookup D look at it A ‘Se takes Half hour to walk from here to the television station
ww A.a B an C the D for
A)
Tử 58
Trang 88 I was in the middle of phoning Mary when we were —
A cut up B cut in C.cutdown D cut off wW
9 Listen ! The telephone ' | KX wy
A.isringing B.ring C rings D ringing , S
_ 10 You had your TV repaired last week, 7 £Y A.hadn’t you B.didntyou C.hadn’tit —D didn" tit
Alex cospesanse about what he had heard , John telephoned his father -
A He worried B To worry C Worried D Apving Worry
12 This new computer is very wonderful It a lot of money
| A worths B is worthy of C is worthed ‘ Sb is worth 13 There is one TV program which is above int: popularity
A others B another C the other 5 D other
14 Violent programs on TV may have a bad = on children
A affection B.pressure C influence D power
15 “Was he disappointed ? “ `
“Yes , he found this TV program a
A bored B boring €, boringly D bore
AY
74 Fill each gap in the passage ‘with the correct form of the
word in brackets S”
Let us discuss in some ‘detail the characteristics of analogue and (1) (digit) computers For simple control applications the analogue machine is almost always’ “@} (little) complex than a digital
machine would be Ever the (Đ) (many) elementary digital machine
requires an arithmetical ( (or logical) unit, a (4) (store) unit, a control unit, etc For simple\problems this great quantity of (5) (equip) is
too complex h4
In contrast, an analogue machine need to be no (6) (many)
th aly the problem demands A slide rule, for example, is a (7)
— (perfect) respectable “information machine” of analogue type The
analogue: machine’ SB) ccicconns (able) to do simple work by simple means explains `its current (9) ‹ «e.- (predominate) in the field of automatic
control” XS?
“Sx ff l As the control task becomes more complex, however, the
Se machine loses its advantage, and we begin to see a second Apicamenital (19) ere (differ) between the two types of machine The
59
Trang 9analogue machine 1s a (11) (physics) analogy to the problem, and“ therefore the more complicated the problem, the more complicated they machine must be
The digital machine, on the other hand, is (12) (entire) ee
of the lnmit to:thie (l5) se (complex) of the problem or process ‘The third important difference is in their (14) (accurate) potential The
digital machine which deals only with numbers can be as: 5) sana
(precision) as we wish to make it : An on N + 75 Fill each gap in the sentences with a suitable ‘word or phrase
from the box ae
car information COMPUTES £ “systems
shopping advice 7 messages “medicine ae SY
1 THẾ TUẾOHHPHREE will work the hậtii SEN lighting in people’s
houses _ ES
2 Computers will be able to send eléetronic ¬— around your offices,
Oy
the country and even the world &S
3 Computers will drive your
the car | |
4 Micro systems will give đà help and with your problems
When you are ill, for example, they will tell you the best :
5 You will be able to do;your — from home You will choose and
pay for things by entering The:FipHÍ se into your home computer 6 What else do you think people will De:able fiUSEeess« for 2
2
76 Fill each gapin the passage with a suitable word or phrase
from the box
\ —"
[ “software computers screen word processor Đ “hardware calculator keyboard _ printer
Trang 10what you are doing, you'll need a (5) : or you'll have to plug in to a television set You'll operate your machine like a typewriter by pressing.)
keys on the (6) If you want to record on paper, you’ll need a(Ty
ty ki , and if you want a machine which will enable you to see, arrange and then print a page of material, then the machine you wane (8) “eae YOu want colour 2? Well, you can ([ => `À
\ ` _} Sf
77 Filleach gap in the sentences with the yoremnifin of the
word in capital letters GS
1 It took him three years of to become an efficiéat programmer <<) TRAIN
2 There have been developments in the field) of computer science
in the past few years Ấ S REMARK -
Sis vawweweanes is a branch of mathematics for makidg ì —_— without the use of
â machine oS CALCULATE
4 Students’ lack of understanding of the basic concepts in computer science may the instructor to restr ucture the course
& NECESSARY
5 It is practically impossible tog i the speed at which a computer
calculates numbers cĐ á IMAGINATION
Gs ggưdaa and subtraction are two Sasic mathematica! operations
Ss ADD
7 It is sometimes a yery” TT process getting into a computer
installation for security reasons | COMPLICATE 8 Computers can do math ematical operations quickly and
1 | RELY
9 The difference” in price of microcomputers from different manufacturers, can be small COMPARE 10 Computers can produce results quickly and ACCURATE | ll RG va computer system are often done by the same company
who manufactured the system REPAIR
12 They 1S always a > of labour within a computer company
5 DIVIDE
13 @mputers TS crccnnes: with speed and accuracy ASSOCIATE
;44) 'Computers can solve problems faster and more than humans
YY EFFICIENT
61
Trang 1119 HE HÀ qua interest in discovering new areas where computers _
can be used - CONTINUE Â Ss
a â A 2 yy
78 Choose the best answer =x
| dial999, `“
A An emergency was there ay
B Should there be an emergency &
C Was there to be an emergency © OR D Were there to be an emergéncy ae 2 The BHÍ ;esøse is answering the phone is my sister aS 5
A which B whom C who Oy XD whose
3 Tom wants to sell the television boughtlašV year
A which B it C that? D he 4 Nowadays computers are used all the world
A over B in Con” -D through
5 I’m tired of pictures in black ands white | wish | had a
television - Te ` “
A coloured B colours Sớc colour - D colouring
6 Which sentence is correct ? KY |
_A Bell invented telephone) nearly a hundred years ago B Bell invented the telephone nearly hundred years ago C Bell invented the ‘telephone nearly a hundred years ago D Bell invented telephone nearly the hundred years ago
7 “Hello Is Mr Smitlin ?”
“He’s not in this department, Please dial the same number, but ask for
mm KẾ” —
_ A, expansion B extension C dureition D continuation 8 He’d rather read books than to the radio
A listen B.tolisten ~C listening D.listened
Đua ‘With her?“ “By telephone.”
Ấ Did you get in touch B How did you get in touch AL e Why did you get intouch — D Will you get in touch IS his homework, he decided to relax by listening to the radio
Œvr A Tocomplete -B On completion
^SJỞ
~ C Have complete D Having completed
Trang 12A repair B repaired C to repair D repairing A 12 They forthe software programs they have sold *Y
A should be responsible B responsible aoe
C should responsible D should be response _— 13 When did you have Windows 2000 into your computer ?, ak
A to install B installed C installing D install > S” 14 Public television stations are different from commercial stations sitwavits
A because they receive money differently and different types of
shows -
B for money and programs types ©
C because the former receives money and” Phas programs differently from the latter ˆ °
D in the areas of funding and programming
15 That ts - last year” s telephone directory It’s ook date now
~
UA into B besides C out bof D out
79 A) Match each phrasal verb in; List A with its synonym in
List B ka |
List A “SY List B
1 be over “© a be finished
2 call ball b connect with —
3 cut off c disconnect
4 get through % d find
5 ĐIV€ UD wa” e lift
_6 hang up ALYY f- reach
7 hold on ie ¢ , g replace the receiver
8 look up AY h return the call
9 pick up “e 1 stop trying
10 put through= ` Sự j wait
x -
B) Complete one of the sentences with a suitable phrasal verb in
List A, In one case you need to use the correct form
Trang 134 I’m afraid she’s with the client, shall I you tne HỘ: hết,
secretary ? - | : =
5 Hello ? Are you there ? 1 think we were for a moment Pos ) ,
6 Mr Green never seems to be in his office I’ve been trying to `
him all morning A sy
7; Could YOU sees for a moment ? I’ll just find out for you <
6 If the telephonist says “Thank you very much for calling” and 'plays me - that awful electronic music again, I’ Il .5, RQ:
9 If you get a wrong number, it’s polite to say “I’m sor € ve dialled the
wrong number” before you Qà
10 If an American telephonist asks “Are you through 2 she wants to Ley \) know if your call ay A WwW 80 Fill each gap im the ‘passage "with ac ‘suitable word from the box ACY kX Ä& Y ⁄
information progress — science * “và ¥ SUCCESS communication
medicine _position | ẤN lechnology_ serVice l
SS
RADIO- ELECTRONICS TODAY
Much of our (1) @ im the field of space research is due to ~ radio and electronics Today, radio or more widely electronics, a very
young and a very promising nr , has become a powerful tool of
progress “te | |
~~ It will give usa —_ (3 J orvssaewen of the properties of outer space Radio has already, helped man to learn more about the sun’s atmosphere,
the atmosphere of 1 many planets, it enables our cosmonauts to locate their
(AY ecasszes: in space, and there is radio communication not only between
the spaceships~and their home bases, but also between the spaceships
‘themselves yy
Radio is not the only carrier of (5) in space There are -Infra- red ` Yand ultra-violet radiation, X- and gamma-rays, elementary
particles and fields, etc The time is not so far off when these and other
carriers will be used for space (6) —a great advance comparable „ 4vith scientists’ achievements in putting radio waves at the (7) of
ma ankind, when he built the first radio receiver
KY”
, 64
Trang 14There are - many more uses for electronics besides “<
= aN
communications A good deal! of (8) -made .in-space would.-noty have been possible without electronic computers making thousands upon”
thousands of operations a second They solve logical problems, supply information on many aspects of science and (9) , translate “from
one language into another, automatically control industrial processes, ‘etc Eh (TỦ) s-seee: electronic devices help to diagnose the disease and find the-
best treatment Ry `
81 Fill each gap in the passage with the correct form of the
word in brackets ve
DATA FLOW IN DIGITAL COMPUTERS
According to a popular (l) (believe), the outstanding characteristic of modern digital computer is its (Qy a (amaze) speed Although it is true that the computer operates: with (3) (electron)
swiftness, this is not its (4) (many) outstanding characteristic It is the automatic sequencing of its internafF'(Sỳ DeoWGavS› (operate) that makes the computer something more than just‹a kỉng-size adding machine What would be the use of a machine rte of thousands of (6)
| ]rgaaean (operate) punch the key /bì Sard fast enough to keep the computer supplied with (8) (datum)- and to control the internal operations ? Obviously not The automatic digital computer must, therefore, (9) (content) a memory unit capable of holding large amounts of data and (10)
Xà 4š'gước (instruct), and these: must be automatically extracted from memory as they are needed
Because computers employ two-state (‘ 'on-off” ) type of circuits, data and instructions must be handed in binary form The binary system oys only two symbols, 0 and 1, and (11) (vary)
(this) symbols are used to represent numerals and letters of " Enipbobet Several such representations are shown below:
age 9 010111 =X
-H0101 = 001011 =%
›'Each numeriL letter, etc is represented by a unique group of six bits (Binary digits) There are a total of 64 (13) (differ) six-bit ‘combinations - more than enough to represent all the letters of the
"3 TACNTT 65
Trang 15alphabet, the numerals from 0 to 9, (14) (punctuate) marks, and, other special symbols In world practice there is a code now employing > seven-bit groups Since there are 128 seven-bit combinations, this oN handles all the (15) (alphabet) and numeric characters and special
symbols and leaves many other combinations to be used for ‘special control Purposes: | as Á ay KA ~~ \ I 82 Unscramble these anagrams All of them ae ‘about the subject of COMPUTER LS I.KINGCHA : 2 COMERIPMRCOUT: a 3.PFLYPO SCID: 4 TOMINOR ney bchensnanansnesneners 5 LIKETOBY : 6 CRAGSHIP ^' ` : `
83 Fill each gap in the sentences witha suitable word or phrase
from the box “ ⁄ Al Z
"ey
disk disk drive display” hard disk
| keyboard menu soft tware microprocessor ‘modem — monitor mouse operating system `
printer RAM (Random Access Memory) RC 2M (Read Only Memory)
RS C
dạ: SÂ: ngay¿ằ is what youruse to input information into the computer It
~_ works like a normal ‘typewriter _
Tội DI di ow: IS whefe, you place the disks to start the program Su THE aca: shows“what you type and the computer’s calculations 4 The is’ awhiat you can actually see
5 The «1S@ ‘list of information that lets you choose what to do next 6 The SS used for making hard copies of what you can see
7 | nformation i is stored outside the computer on
8 Many modern computers have a , with which you can move an
arrow to point at different parts of the screen
9 “Thờ — is the heart of the computer and controls everything it does
He: ease is another term for the programs you use on a computer
ye a emenne is a device which connects a computer to a telephone line
~ 66
Trang 1612 As an alternative to putting information on a floppy disk you can use a“ ia N
C) Ỳ
eeereeeeee «
13 are chips in the computer with permanent instructions and
programs which you can’t alter >
14 The is a complex set of instructions which tells the computer
how to carry different tasks AD
Ve wrens is the facility the computer uses to store programming information temporarily The bigger this is, the more com licated the tasks the computer can carry out | =
84 Choose the best answer Ry
1 Did you see the first of the new Agatlia ‘Christie on TV last
night ? S
A serial B series É, episode D story 2 I was ill all day yesterday, sol just sat ahdk: television
A saw B watched C<noticed D looked at
-3 I had a headache after the film becatise” I was sitting too close to the
television cĩc SS
A view B glass ” C window D screen
4 Did you see that fascinating ‘wildlife DrObram «»- television last
night ? : c ) |
A on B ata C in -D by:
5 Football is very in the world Most of the matches are televised
A likely _B popular C pleasing D interested a ‘to get through to Jackie for days now Either she’s away or her
telephone is out : of order,
A | tried 4 »” | B I had tried
C I'm trying D I’ve been trying 7.My TV oe has broken down twice already
A: win I bought only last year Be that Ï bought only last year
®& which I bought it only last year
=
aoe I bought only last year
Trang 17~
9 Because of TV, people are better about what is going on in the«
world than they used to be SYS
A instructed B.educated C informed D prepared
10 My cousin was nervous about being interviewed on television, oi
-f0se fo the .: wonderfully xã
A event B performance C incident D occasion l1 receipt of your instructions, 1 immediately sent a telex
message to Algeria a
A In B.On C With ø By
12 He phoned to tell me that he couldn’t come tomorrow because he
¬ to the dentist X
A was going B.hadgone C would go.) “D went
13 Can YOWS sccm the BBC World Service on your new radio ?
A put on B taken in C pick up D get at
14 Although he didn’t actually say he wate a radio for his birthday he
ĐẾN Hee pretty strongly A
A imply B suggest z © mention D hint
LS] WAS scesiexs in the book I was reading and didn’t hear the phone
A distracted B engrossed,” C submerged _D gripped
A Oe "`
85.-Fill each gap in the sentences with the correct form of the
word in capital letters ~~ NN
1 Ấ compufter IS V€FY ;› „ machine POWER
2 Microcomputers are ¢ SY cheaper than mainframes GENERAL
Trang 189 There will probably be a Great in the consumption of oil in the’
next century due to the use of computer technology REDUCE “` | 10 A compufer processes prepared items of information ay
SPECIAL «< 11 It takes a lot of inspiration and hard work to come up with a a ‘new
_— in computer technology | CREATE
12 Computer graphic applications are by the size of the: screen
| 2! RESTRICT
13 The future will bring great in the mechanical devices associated
with computer systems ‘DEVELOP
14 My calculator is It plays a tune on the hour, “PROGRAM lbeszsse: was introduced by Gutenberg in Germany, in the 1400s 5 = PRINT AY Ss e bo: 0X bs — —s ` * F ° + me ae
automobiles computers appliancés inventories recorders systems problems edgier programs communications
X USES OF COMPUTERS
People use computers in a wide variety of ways In business, computers 86k CT) các with bar codes and scanners, check the credit status of customers, and transfer: funds electronically In homes, tiny computers embedded in the electronic circuitry of most (2) control the - indoor temperature, » operate home security systems, tell the time, and turn videocassette” (3) pepe on and off Computers in (4)
regulate the flow of fuel, thereby increasing gas mileage Computers
also entertain, creating digitized sound on stereo (5) or computer-
animated< features from a digitally encoded laser disc Computer (6) iiss tr? or applications, exist to aid every level of education, from programs that teach simple addition or sentence construction to
advanced calculus (7) use computers to track grades and prepare % chotes; with computer-controlled projection units, they can add graphics,
Trang 19scientific research to solve mathematical (9) » display - « ‘complicated data, or model systems that are too costly or impractical to 2.)
build, such as testing the air flow around the next generation of space > :
shuttles The military employs computers in sophisticated (10) sos SO”
encode and unscramble messages, and to keep track ‘of personnel “and
supplies | SS
x:
$7 Fill each gap in the sentences with the correct form of the
word in capital letters Q
1 There are many computer-related jobs in TRE New York Times | | * ADVERTISE 2 When a program does not work properly, it Sein necessary to make ssxszz„b 10 It NY ALTER 3 A lotof IS needed to operate large computer systems AY ELECTRIC
4 The introduction of the computer in the workplace has the
— Workload of many people & REDUCE
5 A programmer usually has a *.as well as a logical mind ; ) CREATE 6 A computer is of performing repetitive operations at a very fast rate ` CAPABILITY 7 The efficiency of a computer center depends partly on its and personnel Ea ORGANIZE
8 The computer’s memory IS eapable - ««.: a lot of information for a
short period of time ' STORE
9 Do you have aa to the student files in the database?
X ACCESSIBLE
10 One of the ae of a good computer programmer is to have a logical
mind %> REQUIRE
11 compl 4 are capable of storing a Jot of information by it on
tapes « oÈdisks RECORD
12 The kh hy of new microcomputer systems on the market has Appreased the competition, forcing the prices down APPEAR
Trang 2014 A computer has- no on the number of times it can repeat a
mathematical operation RESTRICT ( ce
15 Computers are used to control mechanical operations in the Car
industry so as to increase | a PRODUCES,”
58 Complete the sentences by adding one missing word ì in 1 each line of the puzzle All the words are connected - -with the
situations of telephone calls | AY _
1 Hello This is Louise Bonnard Can I help you ? 2 2 Could you the line fora momeiit, please ? *>z
3 Hello, switchboard 2 Can I have an line, please ? 4 What is Miss Fisher’s number ? 5 5 Can | leave a ‘for-Sarah Grey, please7?—
6 To make a call from a public telephone, ltt the Hy and insert a coin
7 ('msorry, | can’t hear you very well, thế ÍSa line
8 Could you give me a tomorrowsmor ning ? 9 The number for ‘enquiries in, the UK i is 192,
Trang 21‘Computer (1) (use) can prepare for a viral infection by creating =< backups of legitimate (2) (origin) software and data files G) &
SưGUGg (regular) so that the computer system can be restored ¡f (4) =
(necessity) A floppy disk with a copy of the operating system software” can be made and its write-(5) (protect) notch activated so that no virus can write onto the disk Viral (6) (infect) can be prevented bY I) suớa (obtain) software from legitimate sources, “Using a quarantined computer to test new software, and using the write-protect
notches on floppy disks (8) (when) possible QC Ley” 90 Fill each gap in the passage with a suitable word forts the box SS & y A `"
automation science existence research master communication _ -economy aim
h ` =
VY
At present theré are milÍfođs of computers in operation throughout the world The (1) .«) 2 Of hundreds of computing machines, and connected by automatic (2) < y lines with industry, supply centres,
transport and organs of finance will fundamentally change national economic management Controlled by cybernetics, industrial enterprises
will operate at the most efficient peak This, in turn, will effect
tremendous (3) of time and resources
The comparatively simple methods of (4) used for some
technologies will become more and more complicated As production
techniques become) more efficient, they can be more effectively controlled, with the (5) of raising the quality-and the quantity of manufactured ø goods and improving working conditions
Despite the numerous results of (6) into cybernetics,
Trang 22The advance in the technical progress is the outcome, primarily = of the talent, inventiveness and the effort of man - this great remake) and (§) se of nature “^= 91 Fill each gap in the paragraph with the correct form, Of the word in brackets (
John Vincent Atanasoff (1903-1995), an American physicist, (ly
(bear) in Hamilton, New York, who has been claimed as the (2)
(develop) of certain (3) (base) techniques later used i in the design
of the first electronic (4) (digit) computer, ByiAc (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer) While (5) -4, (teach) at Iowa State College, Atanasoff built a simple vacuum tube (6) (compute) device that he showed to several people, CT) khu (include) one of the later builders of ENIAC, but he did not (8) (success) in marketing his own device A 1971: lawsuit by an electronics firm against
a (9) (rivalry) firm holding the” ‘patent on ENIAC principles, however - on the grounds that AtánaSoffs ideas had (10) (be)
used without being credited - led: to TE LÍ Ì quuởnae (invalidate) of that patent in 1973 e ô.seđ 92 Fill each gap in thep passage with a suitable eoxil from the box
messages vệ problems attitude questions ability _inedium quantity students impact
explosion _ “Sessions experience computers purposes
—
_v⁄ THE ROLE OF COMPUTERS
Decker Walker maintains that few people really know how to use
(1) .4 Well for educational purposes Seymour Papert, the inventor of Logo and author of Mindstorm, argues that the computer is a (2) of
expression and should be used to build a sense of inquiry, to “mess
about”, to explore, and to improve thinking skills He also argues that the
` of computers on learning will not come about throne
is
Trang 23the real impact will only come when students are taught how to program, <
because programming requires that they think logically and solve 4Š"
" When they learn how to program, “the word is only for very
wonderful things to happen.” Ấy
We are in the midst of an “information explosion”, the: generation
and availability of an ever-increasing (5) of informations ‘through
the use of the computer People can participate in this (6) sat three |
or four levels of computer knowledge: (a) computer ltexaey, general knowledge of what computers are used for and some general cerca in using them; (b) computer competence, ability to use the conjputer as a tool for particular (8) ‘and (c) computer expertise, knowledge of how
computers work and how to program them A new) fourth level is a computer hacker, who is more than an expert - he or’she spends days and
even nights working on games or problems, tr arismitting CD): nnodierener across the country or across oceans, devising ingenious games and software to sell, and/or swapping new software among f fellow hackers In general, the hacker is freewheeling and addictive to the ‘computer ferment |
As educators, we should aim tmaking our (19) veveeeanee computer-
literate at an early age and view computer literacy as “a fourth R” or a fundamental skill Several (11) AS arise, however How computer- competent are teachers ? Should every teacher be computer-competent ? Should every teacher be at least computer-literate ? Should we expect only a few teachers in each (12) severest’ to have the skills to teach students how to use the computer? Should only a few teachers have the skills to
use the computer as an instructional aid ?
A teacher can become computer-literate in a workshop that meets
for a few practice (13) eee The time spent in training is not critical to
the teacher’s (14) , ` to use the computer as an integral part of the teaching day; tiế- key factor is the (15) of the teacher If the teacher is hesitant about using the computer, many children will pick up on this attitude If the teacher is enthusiastic, children will learn more eagerly and
more easily According to one educator, a 15-hour workshop laboratory experience reduces learning anxiety (fear of helplessness in dealing with computers) from above average to below average anxiety and increases
interest i in computers |
Trang 2493 Fill each gap-in the sentences with the correct form u.the “
word in capital letters iS)
L7 sen: from an old computer system to a new one can be tin“
consuming and complicated CONVERTS, -
2 The applications of all the pee students were by the coiPbter
PROCESS
3 It took the programmer one week to complete the eS of the
programs in the new system DOCUMENT
4 Both and data have to be changed to machine: code before the '
computer can work on them ~ INSTRUCT
5 When buying a system there is often no ( ,% charge for the ~~ yf
`⁄
programs (4° ADD
6 There is sometimes very little tobe made between two different brand-new microcomputers ey COMPARE 7 Business in different cities often communicate with each other
via their computers : S- : ASSOCIATE
Tu Senneuasea is very inportant in any service industry EFFICIENT ne seesees have taken place, dn computer technology in the past
decade -CHANGE
10 It is possible that by the year 2000, t.AN HS seseeee person will have to
have a good knowledge of computer science EDUCATE
11 The use of BỀN HIENG in business BAS: senecvee the workload of many
people wy ALTER
` J2, SHNIGIIES 8TE:::: , ` ‘Know how the computer operates
| £O REQUIRE 7
lỐc su lạ “SHE 4 chip made it possible for minicomputers and
TnIcrocomputefs 10 be invented DEVELOP:
Trang 2594 Read the passage and fill each gap with one of the words or —
phrases from the box S
because of as whose that before SS
then in frontof so that so _ onthe other hand =
TELEVISION GQ
_ The sending of images through the air, or television? is of about
the same age 4s radar Both use waves so high in frequency that normally they are not reflected back to the ground by the upper atmosphere For this reason television signals have a short range - usually from the transmission antenna on the horizon to a receiving antenna on the opposite horizon (1) , radio signals can be reflected off the atmosphere and so sent half-way round the globe, Ỳ
There are three stages in televising w ‘picture: (a) forming and
analyzing the picture in the camera; (bỳ-sending the signal from the studio and receiving it in the TV set; (@) réconstructing the signal into a
picture on the screen _ ake’
The picture is formed by_ a television camera in the studio TV cameras have a cathode-ray tube: (CRT) KĨ keexene inside face carries a
thin metal coating This coating‘is sensitive to light and has high electrical Sa
resistance It has a negative charge, KP when it is struck by light, electrons are knocked out from it into the tube The stronger the light, the more electrons are knoẻked free If one area of the tube’s face is very strongly lighted, the area: ›becomes more positive than the rest of the tube
(4) Its losing soamany electrons |
The TV camẽra now carries an “electrical copy’ > of the screen (5) ¬— it This must now be analyzed by the camera In analyzing the picture the electron beam of the cathode-ray tube is passed through two
sets of “defle sctỉng plates” arranged at right angles inside the camera tube
The first set of plates makes the beam sweep back and forth across the tube’s face The second set moves the beam up and down as it sweeps across the tube’s face Each sweep - called a scanning motion - occurs
about 30 times a second, so that’the eye sees a continuos picture
ee ~ When the scanning beam strikes strongly lighted areas on the A ‘metal coating of the tube’s face, the beam is partially absorbed But areas
Trang 26
(6) are dimly lighted strongly reflect the scanning beam The == reflected beams are (7) "drawn away-by-a positively-charged- platơ ` Nà
(conductor) inside the tube This completes the “analysis” of the picture, _ taken by the camera The electric message is now strengthened; or
amplified, and then sent out on a very high-frequency carrier wave< When the signal -strikes a TV antenna and flows into the set, it Anust be
reconstructed (8) it becomes a picture on the screen This ‘happens
inside the “picture tube”, a kind of cathode-ray tube with @ fluorescent
screen y
In the narrow neck of the tube is a heated fildment, a kind of electron gun that shoots electrons at the inside face, ‘of the tube The stronger the signal received by the set, the more electron bullets are fired at: the:screen.(9) - - this steady flow of electrons” leaves the filament it - is focussed into a beam which sweeps across the fluorescent screen - in
perfect time with the beam that sweeps across the face of the tube of the
TV camera in the studio The stronger the-bêm, the more it excites the fluorescent coating of the picturé tube}\ and (10) the more light shows on the screen The rapid sweeps over the screen produce a picture made up of vast numbers of tiny grains ‘ighted and dimmed by a stream of
electrons LO
95 Choose the best answer
1 The BBC tries to for, all tastes with its national programmes
A suit B: furnish _C regard D cater
2 All three TV channels ] ‘provide CXIENSIVE excesses of sporting events
A.vision ,, 2B.coverage C broadcast | D network 3 Making private calls on the office phone is severely on in our
department |
A frowned B criticized C pated D objected
4.0m phoniiet them again because | want to „the arrangements for
tomorrow
A ensure B make sure C make sure of D take care S Don’t be It’s a bad idea to phone them while you’re angry
Wait until you’ve calmed down
Trang 276 A friend I hadn’t seen for a long time rang me up, which was a very
nIce 3 ="
A surprise —_B shock C wonder D astonishment - 7 On the computer system at work, information is every hour,”
A.renewed B.renovatd C updated D done up Ì
8 I couldn’t afford a new computer so I bought a(n) one .“S, A old-fashioned B second-hand C outdated D and)
9 He changed jobs because he decided that being a compltgagroeramitier
wasn’t for him Sy
A right B suited Catt OD) ‘convenient 10 I find it difficult to keep my if the television i is on while I’m
~ working AY)
A.focus ~ B preoccupation C dedication D concentration l1 TheiE 'WRS Ga coverage of the story on alfthe television channels
A.complete B.extensive CC total - D absolute 12 Computers have had an enormous effect © SN Gse«ee our daily life
A on B in nC tbr D of
LẠ.” ca did he pay for his new computer ‘ ?” “About US $550.” A How high B.How much,” ‘C How many _D How often 14 Do you think Tom enjoys : computer games ?
A play B to pláy ` C playing D played 15 Yesterday we did nothing but : TV |
A watching B watched C to watch D watch
96 Fill each gap im the sentences with the correct form of the word in capital letters
1 In 1960, the second generation of computers was ¢
DEVELOP, 2 The machidê carries GU CC E eeeee which the programmer gives it
w | PROCEED
3 Computer Nơng is a new field at the university PROGRAM
Trang 286 There is no for the speed at which a computer performs =` —
arithmetic operations SUBSTITUTION C) *
7 Before the computer can do the necessary computations for a probieety the number should be to machine code _ CONVERT *s 8 Today’s microcomputers are almost as powerful as yesterday’s* shinis,
mainly because of man’s creativity with the advancement in
chip technology COMBINE
9 The binary system is on two digits: 0 and 1 BASE,
10 In most operations calculations, computers can ' ‘do the job
much faster than man INV OLVE
11 It is a good approach to the errors in your program before
running it with the data CS ˆ CORRECTION 12 The Central Unit is responsible for exec ing the programs
| : aS PROCESS
13, THRê of the computer salesman was ineasured by the number of
units he sold < r PERFORM
l4 ` a program is_ essential §ạ: that other prograiimes can
understand it LS DOCUMENT
15 Our math explaincd to us the’principles of binary arithmctic
& INSTRUCT
97 Fill each blank in the intences with one word or phrase
from the box Wy
area code (US)/dialling cou (GB) badline busy (US)/engaged (GB) collect call ( US)/transferréd charge call (GB) dialing (US)/dialling (GB) enquiries IDD/imer rational direct dialling off the hook out of order outside line person+to-person call (US)/personal call (GB) _ insert phone book/directory receiver switchboard operator
}
“ =
te: y
Incoming ‘calls to our firm are taken by the , who will put you through tố the you require
“'m^ “sorry to trouble you, | think I must have got the o
“Pm Sorry, I can’t hear you very well, this is a
‘{ean’t get through, their line always seems to be o
Trang 296 If you don’t know someone’s number you can use the or you «<
can call directory : cv
7 To make a call from a public telephone, lift the sifWsxesseex a coin
Listen for the tone and dial the number You will then hear ‘i
tone telling you that the number is if you ve misdialled, ‘you’ il hear a tone eens you that the number is or that the tine is
8 To BÍ: a call by from the UK; first dial the iesftribnal code (010), then the country code, then the and finally ‘the number
you require - Ệ
9 “Operator, I’d like to make a to New ee please My name is
Mrs Jane Wilson.” S
10 “I'd like to make a to Mr Bob Hill on this Sumber: 4568901.” 11 “Hello, is that the switchboard ? This is extension 67, can I have an
KH, please ?” “x/ y DY
» % +
A \
98 Choose the best answer for thevinderlined word(s)
1., Because of advances in kfrnuitpfftnelogy in recent years people
are enjoying more leisure À
A.freetime _B business’) ~ C new thíngs D money 2 Mr Brown can not afford a new ‘computer this year -
A ride | B share ˆ C sell D buy 3 Alice called up her new friend yesterday
A visited Bs telephoned C.talkedto D blamed 4 Hold on while | call Jane to the phone
A.Read _, B.Sit ~ C Wait D Stop
5 Are typewriters, fast becoming obsolete with the advent of computers? — A outmoded B complicated C neglected _D disdained
6 Television, and newspapers are the primary mediums of advertising,
with radio.a fapidly fading competitor
An formulations B means C averages ~ D sources
1: Public» ‘service announcements on radio and television are provided free of charge to qualifying agencies |
-Ầ A.delivertes B.adverttsers C regulations D statements 8 Students beguile their leisure hours in computer stores
%; Y A cause time to pass unnoticed B waste regrettably
Trang 30
C begin D fool around
9 He devised a computer game and sold it to Atari
A played B bought § C.invented D divided 10 Manufacturers are donating computers to schools =
A giving B going C dedicating D Seducing,
+11 Iam not ingenious enough to invent a video game
A studious B clever - C.glorious Ð indignous
12 Even a(n) mediocre student can learn to operate a computer
A brilliant B thoughtful C average D attentive
13 The teacher was amazed by the students’ v versatility in handling the
computer ỳ
A verse B enthusiasm C variety, Pr skills D version 14 A computer described the intricate,details of ‘managing a bakery
A containing many detailed parts B closely guarded `
C interior : D.inversely related
«15 A computer may be used in the math classroom to implement the
lesson oy
A implant B learn Re entreat D carry out
46 A hundred dollars will suffice to Âu: a home computer
A.besaved B be cha bechafged C.besuffered D be enough 17 Everyone is not allowed to smoke i in the computer room
A forbidden _B told” C permitted D encouraged 99 Match the descrigfiins of different types of TV program (1- 12) with one of the “words or phrases (a-])
1 Boxing from the:Albert Hall and racing from York
2 A new production of Shakespeare’s Richard III at the Lyric Theatre,
London |
3 Cagney: and Lacey as the American cops In this week's episode
they’re, chasing heroin dealers
4 Geoff Hamilton i is in the garden, telling us what to do at this time of
the year
5 Thigweek’s top twenty, with disc jockey Mike Reid
6.4A) laugh a minute as the northern comedian Les Dawson entertains
ae More adventures from Disneyland with Donald Duck
81
Trang 31_8 Superb filming in this program about the disappearing forests of South A
_ America Will the world continue to have oxygen ? : CS 9 More families try to answer the questions and win fabulous prizes =
with host Lesley Crowther =
10 Terry Wogan’s guests tonight belong to the sporting, theatrical an ai
business worlds ; A AY
zo SY
11 Tomorrow’s weather CQ,
12 The Magnificent Seven 1960 classical western starring Yul Thrynner Steve Mc Queen, and Charles Bronson a
a music program b a detective sity
a cartoon d a sports piolam
a film | _ f a quiz «\
a play: | h a chaESÌbw
acomedy i weathet forecast
a documentary zg | agardening program
2
OP
.- S 100 Choose the best answer sử
1 He gave me some very advice.cn buying a computer
A precious B wealthy» °C dear _ D valuable
2 “Does your department need a-neW computer 2”
“At the moment we are considering thê one.”
A to buy _B buying C.to buying D buy Đầu PETS ssseesaos pity that you- -caiinot come to the computer exhibition
A so ;B:such as C.-sucha ‘D.manya
4 SHE'S NUNS visecevess Í mu st have said something to upset her
A up «AB round C back D off
5 Radio colamuiEMlion has changcd the rapid development of
other commutication media, such as television
A becauséiof” B because its C is it because D is because it
6s | bought’ a computer last year, but I’ve had nothing but trouble with it As far’ as’m concerned it was US $750 down the
“` road B sink C drain D way
Trang 32
101 Fill each gap with one of the words from the box œ&
_ AY
specialists strategies goals services problems- materials
solutions games instructions turns abilities đo
¿¬
GUIDELINES FOR USING COMPUTERS AND COMPUTER `
SOFTWARE IN THE CLASSROOM `
1A company that produces, distributes, or sells computers or cOMmpuret materials should be willing to provide a number of ¢ TP sec : (a) installation assistance as part of the purchase, not as, an add-on cost; (b) user training as part of the computer purchase; (c) #toll-free or local number to call for answers to questions and (2) « eden to problems; and (d) updates to the software for little or no extracharge |
2 The use of the computer in the classroom should correspond with the
school’s @) AS »
3.lfonly otie computer is available for class Use, you will have to eves large-group instructions or divide the class into smaller groups that take (4) at the computer Xow will need several computers to permit several students to work onthe program at the same time
4 A group of teachers or curriculum (5) should preview software before it is purchased byc ‘the school Individual teachers should
preview material before using, it in class
5 Decide on what you want to do with the computer Do you want to use it for practice and drill; problem solving, tutorial activities, simulation,
CHỦ —— A à
6 Establish criteria for use based on the objectives of your subject and (7) mm and needs of your students
7 The software, Should be suitable for your instructional grouping
(individual, small group, or large group)
8 The software ‘should be easy to use The screen format should be clear
The (8) ad svacenen should be easy to follow The software should have a
§ complete menu (index or contents) for quick reference, a help section, andillustrations of input screen and output formats z
so software should be sound in terms of instructional and learning
theory It should motivate students more than conventional methods 2⁄4 ` because of its cost It should be designed to foster students’ critical
83
Trang 33thinking, problem-solving (9) , and creativity It should be «
accurate, up to date, and clearly organized x
10 The software should be capable of being integrated with other
software and with traditional (10) into a comprehensive
curriculum and instructional package 4
11 You should know what supporting materials are TT -¡ can interface with your computer hardware and software ©
12 You should know how to use both floppy and hard (11) 4 Hard
disks hold more data and access it more rapidly; however; Na disks
cost less and have sufficient storage capacity for educational exercises 13 Software should provide the user feedback on the display about what
part of the process is taking place and whether ‘it is proceeding normally The user should be able to correct (12) re
Trang 34CLOZE PRACTICE °
102 Read the passage and fill each gap with one suitable wonky Computers are helpful (1) many ways First, they are “fast They work with information much more quickly (2) a ‘person Second, computers can work with lots of information at the, same time
Third, they can keep information for a long (3) They-do not forget things the way people do Also, computers are (A) always correct They are not perfect, of course, but they usually do not make mistakes
These days, it is important to know something II
computers There are a number of ways to learn Some companies have computer classes at (6) Moreover, most Universities offer day (7) "m night courses in computer science ‘Another way to learn is from a book There are many books about computers in book (8) and libraries Or, you can learn from a friend Si 8 (Ð) cousa hours of practice, you too can work with computers You may not be an (1 0) seueex but yeu can have fun @À_ ỳ vy
ES = 7 Cc 1S
103 Read the passage and fill- each gap with one suitable word
The first computers were, very large machines Today computers cơm CHỈ seesee all shapes and sizes There were still big computers for
companies or universities There are other special computers for factories
These large computers _ tellthe factory machines (2) to do But there are also small personal computers to use at home or in an Office There are even computers in telephones, television sets, and cars These
computers have to: (3) _— very small They are so small you cannot _ even see all their'pa†ts
Computets are very useful, but they also can (4) problems One kind of ‘problem i is with the computer’s memory It is not perfect, so sometimes: computers {D) vaessasoace important information Another problem
is with the machinery Computers are machines, and machines can break
(6) xe> When the computers break down, they may erase information,
like chalk on a blackboard Or they may stop doing anything at all And
there is another different kind of problem with computers Some doctors
ak ‹ say 'they may be (7) for your health They say you should not work with computers (8) day
85
Trang 35104 Read the passage and fill each gap with one suitable word 4
The evening (1) .on television is very_ popular with man = people They like to find out what i IS (2) in the world On eleviddk) they can see real people and places They believe it is easier (3) s.% reading the newspaper Many people think television makes the, news seem more real They also think the news on television ‘is, ‘more interesting The television news (A) sometimes tell funy stories
and even jokes This makes the news about wars and crime: seem (5)
terrible Sy”
In the United States (6) are two kinds of television stations One kinds is commercial About 841 (7) .7% the television stations in the United States are commercial stations:, These stations are businesses They show ads to (8) moneyY: ` The other kind of television station is public These stations do not show any ads They get
some money (9) the government They Also get money from the people (10) watch public stations .\” FRY
+ “
105 Read the passage and fill each n gap with one suitable word Twenty years ago only latge” companies had computers They
were large machines (1) filled rooms and they always had big tapes
which went round and round Mn’ the 1980s one (2) every two families in Britain has a micro-computer - most schools (3) have
several These new machinesyare much cheaper and much smaller (4) che the older ones People” use them for pleasure as well as business A recent survey showed that’ ‘over 40% of home computer owners used them mainly (5) : games Other common uses were learning about computing, programming, general educational purposes, making music
(6) home mahagement
Today“every newspaper and magazine has advertisements which try to persuadeypeople to buy computers to make their lives easier or (7)
tr ke interesting Of course these adverts use all the latest computer
jargon Here is a simple explanation of what you need -to (8) computing,
¥ 7A computer isn’t intelligent You have to tell it (9) to do It
has, b follow a program, which is a list of instructions and information
Trang 36like BASIC The computer itself and the other pieces of electronic aa xy
machinery are called (11) Programs are called (12) ¬ S)
So you want to Jearn about computers ? Here’s what you need & 3 A computer - the brain of the home computer is a silicon chip (13) ,4 pone ,
a micro-processor Other parts of this machine are the keyboard Wike a a typewriter - and a memory The size of the memory of most) home
computers is (14) 16 and 64 kilobytes - éach enOvee | &" 1024 bytes or characters
A VDU (Visual Display Unit) - this can be an ordinary TV: screen or a special monitor - in green, yellow or full colour This screen shows what
you are putting (15) the computer and what As) coming out of the
computer The display can be in words or graphics , eahat i is pictures
A disc drive and floppy disks - these are parts ‘of a system to keep
- programs and data The discs - (16) records - go into the disc drive
which joins to the computer AOS y
Cassette recorder - this is also for storing programs and data, but it is slower than the disc drive yy
A printer - this prints what is in thế-cømputer' S memory or what is on VDU It gives hard copy Z- —
= _ "` ^ SY y
106 Read the passage and fill Zach gap with one suitable word
HOW TELEVISION WAS INVENTED
Television owes (ex zzysvvs origins to many inventors But it was
the single-minded determination of an amateur inventor, John Logie Baird, that led (2) .\ŠÏe first live television broadcast |
- Born in Scotlaind in 1888 and educated in Galsgow, John Logie Baird earned a living CT) unk 5.d a razor-blade salesman In the 1890s
Guglielmo Marconi showed that sound could (4) sent by radio
waves Baird “became convinced that a similar system could transmit a picture He,spent most of (5) spare time working on his ideas in his
tiny workshop without (6) commercial support He — to use
his (6) Os earnings to continue his research
sản 1924, Baird successfully transmitted the general outline of a đg@Š QGUGF Tho LƠ Toaoeae 3 meters He continued to experiment and (10)
An, October 25, 1925 transmitted a recognizable image of a dol! He
Trang 37Z
office boys to come upstairs (12) boy became the first living < image transmitted by television Overnight, Baird became famous and they money (13) he needed to continue his research was at (14) .›:ˆ
made available In 1927 he made a transmission from London to Glasgow
and in 1928 he made (15) from London to New York He continued
experimenting (16) spent his last years exploring the possibility of
colour television "`,
107 Read the passage and fill each gap with one suitable word
The use of computers, already important today, | ‘will continue to create enormous changes for white-collar workers In offices, (bass in»
factories, there will be a need for fewer people, but those people will need
more skills Secretaries, for instance, will ee Ao- ‘Be able to use word: processing and other computer packages (2) .›: addition, many office
workers will be free to work in several locations” e.g the office and the
home This will be possible (3) of compiter networks - groups of connected computers These computer networks will cause even more
changes in family life: Today most mẹn and over half of all women leave
the house each day to go to work, Án eer in the future both men and
receive a a paycheck (
Already, many people are shopping less (5) less in stores
and more and more with computers or video screens Some consumers now use their computers‘to, order certain merchandise, (6) : as_airline
tickets, computer products, videotapes, by telephone These items arrive
soon in the mail at their homies (7) : ‹ : workplaces An even more
modern method of ‘shopping, however, is through video catalogues in hotels, supermarkets, and other public places Video catalogues are
computers with:screens (8) show pictures of products to buy Shoppers simply touch the screens to get information, focus on
merchandise) make choices, and order products (9) the shoppers pass theiry credit cards through the machines, their orders go to a”
sends them the items
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108 Read the passage comparing the history of printing with that of computing Every fourteenth word is missing Write the ”
correct word in each blank Ay
Computing is now at the same stage as the printing was when ‘the
first printing presses ‘were (1) Before printing presses, were
invented, only rich people like kings and dukes could (2) ./to buy books Often these people were unable to read and had not ‘enough (3)
Jevnnens to learn In any case, the books were so big that it was (4) xeawao TỐ anyone to relax with a book as we do today They wanted (GS) kine because they were expensive and there was something” magical about them Only a (6) people were able to write; and it took an
extremely long time to (7) a book Monks’ ‘and other people who
could write said ordinary people could (8) , „-‹ learn to read
The position with computers is very ‘similar today A few (9) mm ago, computers were very large and éxÐensive Business managers
and rich people ordered (10).q but-they didn’t know how: to use
them In many countries, however, thể 1) _— has now completely
changed Lots of people not only own microcomputers but also (12) sbencenee how to usc them
>> ae sồi Ÿ,
109 Read the passage and fill Lach gap with one suitable word We live in an (1) where television is the national pastime Since the invention of the television (2) people have been spending more
of their (3) time watching television than doing anything else Many of the television addicts, feel that this particular pastime is not a bad (4) ke vxa ; Indeed, they ‘argue that people can learn a great deal watching television I am ' (y- Ysevenee that if you look long and hard enough, you can
probably (6) « : some programmes that are educationally motivating
But for the most T0 kuaaaa , | say that watching television is a (8)
of time Ặ |
110 Read the passage and fill each gap with a saitabile word
~/Computers may have a short history but prior (1) their
de@Spment, there were.many other (2) of doing calculations
Trang 39fingers of the hands These machines, (4) - computers, are non- <— electronic and were replaced by faster calculating devices It was not (Sy — the mid-1940s that the.first dipital computer was built The“
postwar industrial boom saw the development of computers take (6) By the 1960s, computers were faster than their predecessor’ and
semiconductors had replaced vacuum tubes only to be replaced i 4n a (7)
-years by tiny mtegrated circuit boards Due to microminiaturization in the 1970s, these circuits were etched onto wafer-thin rectangular pieces -
(8) silicon This integrated circuitry is known (QQ) a chip and is used in microcomputers of all kinds It has been forecasted, by the end of this decade, exceptionally faster and smaller ệSWbuters will replace those C10) csscenaces use today | &
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111 Read the passage and fill each gap with a suitable word
Television arrived in Australia i in 41956 By 1962, ¡t had reached
all the capital cities and many country towns as well Today, there are (1)
scaisiiasiae homes in Australia without a television set - though some families”
have deliberately decided not to havé ‘television set in their home
(2): s= 1956, television: has become a huge industry in
Australia and it has developed its own language, or vocabulary, of Special terms Some of them are described below
e Prime time: Prime time ` is the time (3) most people are
watching television, {usually from 5.00—7.00 p.m - |
_® ‘Ratings: Surveys are ‘carried out regularly to (4) out which television programs have been most popular with viewers These Surveys are then, sused to work out which television stations attract the most viewers; The station ©) _ is watched by the most people
“wins the ratings” |
® Ratings War: The television channels compete to win the ratings (6) — & *<sereening shows which they hope will be popular We call this
competition between television stations “the ratings war”
e Programming: Programming means the order in vihiiok shows will- Cappear, and the time (7) which they will be screened
Trang 40e Advertising Rates: Television (8) _ for its existence on the => money advertisers pay to show their products on television It ISO
usually most expensive to advertise during prime time Becatise”
advertisers wish their products to be seen by as (9) people, as possible, they will naturally be more likely to advertise on the: ‘station which is most popular This is why television stations do all: they can to win the ratings If they are seen to be successful, mee advertisers are more (10) to want to advertise on the channel gs
112 Read the passage and fill each gap with a suitable word
Computers are electronic machines that process) information They SEY) xước of communicating with the user, of’ ‘doing five kinds of arithmetic operations, and of making three kinds, amdecisiony, ngu they are incapable of thinking They accept CHẾ and instructions as input, and after processing the information, they BI; CP cts the results
When talking about the computers, “ay sieved hardware and
software need to be considered Thê former refers to the actual
machinery, whereas the (5) refers,to the programs that control and coordinate.the activities of the hardware |
The first computer was builtin 1930 but (6) then computer technology has evolved a great deal There are three different (7) of computers in use today: thé\mainframe, the minicomputer, and the microcomputer All three Kinds have one thing in (8) - they operate quickly and accurately i in solving problems :
AC Y
113 Read the passage and fill each gap with a suitable word
WN, 7 RADIO
Radio is 'miracle of ages Aladdin’s lamp, the Magic Carpet seem insignificant compared (1) the radio By radio the human voice may be: transmitted around the earth in (2) time than it takes to say the: Avord ‘ ‘radio” It plays an ever-increasing part in human life on
land, on‘Ssea and in the air It (3) possible much more than simply
communicating news, music, etc., and it also plays a very important part in navigation
“s = The radio beacon and radio compass help to (4) positions in
x “ai and on sea in fog and storms Without radio, to travel by air (5)
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