Asterisk là một phần mềm tự do nguồn mở, ban đầu do Mark Spencer viết, với mục đích tạo nên một hệ thống tổng đài cá nhân (PBX private branch exchange) kết nối đến hầu hết các mạng có sẵn như IP, PSTN, và sử dụng các chuẩn SIP, MGCP, H323. Asterisk còn có giao thức riêng là IAX (InterAsterisk eXchange). Như các PBX khác, Asterisk cho phép các máy điện thoại gắn kết với nhau qua phần mềm này thực hiện các cuộc gọi với nhau, và cho phép kết nối với các dịch vụ điện thoại khác, trong đó có mạng điện thoại chuyển mạch công cộng (PSTN). Asterisk đem đến cho người sử dụng các tính năng và ứng dụng của hệ thống tổng đài PBX và cung cấp nhiều tính năng mà tổng đài PBX không có, như sự kết hợp giữa chuyển mạch VOIP và chuyển mạch TDM, đó là khả năng mở rộng đáp ứng nhu cầu cho từng ứng dụng…
VoIP Telephony with Asterisk BY Paul Mahler ISBN 09759992-0-6 Mahler, P.S Asterisk and IP Telephony / Paul Mahler Table of contents Table of contents Preface Acknowledgements Forward 10 Chapter - Introduction 11 What is a PBX? 12 How Does Asterisk Compare to a PBX? 13 What is Asterisk? 13 Who Made Asterisk? 15 What it Does 16 Connecting your Office Telephone System to the Internet 16 Connecting Your Asterisk System to the PSTN 18 Asterisk Compared to Proprietary Telephone Systems 18 Partial Feature List 19 Getting Help 21 Mailing Lists 21 Subscribing & Unsubscribing 22 Modifying Subscriptions 22 Browse & Search 22 IRC 22 VOIP Forum 22 Participating 22 Licensing 23 Chapter - Asterisk Architecture .23 Interfaces & Channels 24 Hardware Interfaces 25 Zaptel Pseudo TDM Interfaces 25 Non-Zaptel Interfaces 26 Packet Voice Protocols 26 Linux Telephony Interface 26 ISDN4Linux 27 OSS/ALSA Console Drivers 27 Adtran Voice over Frame Relay 27 Supported VoIP Protocols 27 Inter-Asterisk Exchange (IAX) 27 Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) 27 H.323 28 Codec and file formats 28 File Formats 28 Quality of Service 29 File System Organization 29 Applications 30 Chapter - Connectivity .31 Connecting Asterisk to the PSTN or Internet 31 Internet Connections 32 Renting Telephone Network Connections 33 Other Providers for PSTN Connections 34 Tie Lines 34 Hosted VoIP Systems 34 Sharing a Connection 35 Other Types of Connections 35 T1 Alternatives 35 Satellite Connections 36 Chapter - Designing Your System .36 Consulting and Support 36 Hardware Vendors 36 The Map 36 Requirements 38 Services 39 Telephone Wiring 40 Network 40 Legal Issues 40 Service Issues 40 Quality of Service 41 Reliability 41 Change Management 41 Server Hardware 41 Sizing Your Server 42 Interface Hardware 42 Network Hardware 42 Telephones 42 Sizing Your Network Connections 43 Buy Configuration Services 43 Software and Configuration 43 Testing and Documentation 44 Rollout 44 Upgrades or Changes 44 Maintaining 44 Share Your Experience 44 What's left? 44 Chapter - Install Linux and Asterisk 45 PC Hardware Selection 45 Telephony Hardware Selection 45 Linux Installation Issues 46 Getting Help 46 Installing Mepis Linux 46 Mepis Network Configuration 47 Network Time Server 47 Sound Card and MPG Installation 47 Firewall 48 DHCP Server 48 TFTP Server 49 Download Asterisk 49 Install any Digium Telephony Boards 50 Timing Sources 50 Compile the Asterisk Packages 51 Common Build Errors and Warnings 51 Resolving Zaptel Compilation Issues 51 Reporting Bugs 52 A Custom Debian Kernel 52 Installing Red Hat 52 Installing Red Hat Fedora 53 Chapter - Asterisk Configuration .54 Getting Help 54 Configuration Files 54 Configuration File Syntax 55 Comments 55 Lines 55 Sections 55 Variables 55 Options 55 Objects 56 Commands 56 The Configuration Process 56 Dial Plans 57 Sections of extensions.conf 57 [general] 57 [globals] 57 Accessing Environment Variables 58 Extensions 58 Patterns 59 Ignore Pattern 59 Applications 59 Priorities 60 Changing the Execution Order of Applications 60 Extension Contexts 60 Ordering in Contexts 63 Changing the Execution Order Within Contexts 64 Authentication, Multi-hosting, Callback and External References 64 Referencing Interfaces in extensions.conf 65 Macros 65 Applications 66 General commands 68 Call management (hangup, answer, dial, etc) 69 Database handling 69 ZAP commands 70 Voicemail and conferencing 70 Queue and ACD management 70 External applications (not in the CVS) 71 Enhancements to Extension Logic 71 QUOTING 71 VARIABLES 71 EXPRESSIONS 72 GOTO 73 Conditionals 73 Examples 73 IGNOREPAT 73 Commands 73 Answer 73 BackGround 73 Congestion 74 Dial 74 ZAP dialing 76 Simultaneous Calling on Multiple Interfaces 76 Automated Call Distribution 77 DigitTimeout 77 Echo 77 Hangup 77 Macro 77 MeetMe 77 Playback 77 ResponseTimeout 77 Ringing 78 SetLanguage 78 Voicemail 78 Wait 78 A Simple Call Queue 78 Operator Extension 79 Least Cost Routing 79 Main Menu 79 Recording Sound Files 80 Interactive Voice Response (IVR) 80 Routing by Caller ID 81 Music on Hold 81 Using Globals 81 Goto and GotoIf 81 911 Support 81 Local Calling 82 Long Distance Dialing 82 Toll Free Calls 83 Detecting an Incoming Fax 83 IAXtel 83 PBX functions with Asterisk 84 General support (for all channels) 84 For SIP Phones 84 Analog Phones on a Zaptel channel 84 for MGCP Phones 85 on the CAPI channel 85 Chapter - SIP Configuration 85 Sip Configuration Overview 86 Configuring Asterisk with SIP Phones 86 Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) Channels 88 Outgoing SIP channels use the following format 88 Examples 88 Incoming SIP channels use the following format 88 Examples 88 Defining SIP Channels 88 Sip.conf 89 SIP Configurations for Peers and Clients 90 Register Asterisk as a SIP client 91 Example 91 Asterisk as a SIP Server 91 Examples 91 Example 92 Voicemail Waiting Indicator 92 Call Pickup 92 Other SIP Issues 93 Chapter - Zaptel Configuration 93 Wildcard X100P 93 Wildcard TDM400P 94 Wildcard T100P 95 T1 Cables 97 Wildcard E100P 98 Wildcard TE410P/TE405P 99 FXO and FXS Devices 100 PCI Slots 100 International Use and Caller ID 102 Channel Banks 102 Hardware Installation 102 Configuration Files 103 Kernel Drivers 103 ztcfg 104 zttool 105 IRQ Settings 105 Zaptel Configuration 105 ZAP, ZAPTEL TDM Channels .107 Outgoing Zap channel names use the following format 107 Examples 107 Incoming Zap channels are labeled .107 Examples 108 Zaptel.conf 108 zapata.conf 110 Example 117 Vertical Service Activation Codes 117 Transferring a Call and 3-Way Calling 118 Chapter - IAX Configuration 118 Outgoing Calls to a Remote Server with IAX 118 IAX and a Mobile Client 119 IAX Channels 120 Outgoing IAX channel names use the following format 120 Examples 120 Incoming IAX channels use the following format 121 Examples 121 The [general] section of iax.conf 121 User Sections of iax.conf 122 IAX Connection Syntax in extensions.conf .123 Examples 123 IAX Trunking 124 Sharing a Dial Plan 124 Example 124 Example 124 Chapter 10 - Application Configuration 126 Voicemail 126 Configuring Voicemail 126 Voicemail Tree 129 Calling in for Voicemail 130 Resetting the Password .130 The Directory Command 130 Web Interface to Voicemail 131 Sending Voicemail as Email 131 Configuring musiconhold.conf 131 Recording Sound Files 132 Configuring meetme.conf .132 Fax 133 Call Parking 134 Chapter 11 - Run and Manage Asterisk 135 Running the Simple Configuration .135 Connecting to a Running Asterisk Instance 136 Reattaching to Asterisk 136 Exit the Console 136 Asterisk Command Arguments 136 Connecting to a Running Instance 136 Asterisk Commands 136 Starting and Stopping Asterisk Automatically .143 Echo Suppression 143 Managing Asterisk 144 Remote Management with SSH 145 Sharing a Remote Session 145 Automatically Removing Old Voice Mail Messages 145 When Should You Update Asterisk? 145 Asterisk Security 146 Firewall Setup 146 SIP Security 146 Asterisk Configuration Security 146 Logging 147 Chapter 12 - Your First Configuration 147 The Network Environment 148 Telephone Configuration 148 sip.conf 149 extensions.conf 149 zapata.conf 151 Voicemail.conf 152 Running the Sample Configuration 152 Chapter 13 - Cisco 7960 .153 The 7960 153 Phone Lines 154 Overview of the 7960 Initialization Process 154 Converting a 7960 to SIP from Skinny 155 Installation Steps 156 Network Settings With DHCP 156 Setting Network Parameters Manually 157 Locking and Unlocking the Phone 157 Recovering From a Lost Password 157 Downloading Files from Cisco 158 Failure to Upgrade 159 SIP Version 2.0 .159 Booting the Phone 161 SIP Version 2.2 .162 SIP Version Three 162 SIP Version Four 163 SIP Version Five 164 SIP Version Six .165 Configuring the Phone from the Keypad 165 The Dial Plans .165 Custom Ring Tones .166 Enabling the Messages Button 167 Enabling the Waiting Messages Light 167 SIP Parameters .167 Chapter 14 - SNOM Telephones 168 Configuration and Setup 168 Documentation .169 Administrator Password 169 Firmware 169 Technical Support 169 Chapter 15 - T-Carrier and SONET .169 T-Carrier and DS0 .170 Digital Signal Zero .171 The T-Carrier-Ds Hierarchy 171 ISDN 172 BRI 173 PRI 173 How T-Carrier Channels Are Combined 173 T1 Framing Formats and signalling .174 Using T Carrier Channels for Telephone Calls .174 The Confusion Surrounding T-Carrier and DS0 .175 T1 Cables 175 T1 Optional Services 175 Where did the T in T1 come from? 176 SONET 176 International SDH (Synchronous Digital Hierarchy) .177 Chapter 16 - Networks and Signaling 177 PSTN Basics 178 PSTN Signalling .180 PSTN Network-to-Network Signalling 180 PSTN Dial Plan 181 The Future of the PSTN .182 VoIP Standards .182 Packet Networks 182 Open Call Control 183 H.323 183 SIP 185 What SIP Doesn't Do 187 SIP Elements 187 Addressing .187 Session Setup 188 Glossary 189 Checklist .206 Pre-Installation .206 Preface This book is a beginner's guide to Asterisk and VoIP This book is a road map to your first successful installation of an Asterisk telephone system The path you need to take is documented step-by-step The information you need is all here in a single place This is not a beginner's guide to Linux in that assume you already are a skilled Linux and network administrator However, you not need great expertise in telephony or IP telephony to benefit from this book Asterisk software turns an inexpensive PC architecture server running Linux or UNIX into a reliable, sophisticated, full-featured enterprise telephone system Because Asterisk is free and runs on an industry standard PC platform, an Asterisk system will cost you far less than any traditional, proprietary PBX With Asterisk, you can quickly and easily build a sophisticated business telephone system for any enterprise, no matter how large or small Because it is reliable, free and effective, and because it I based on modern Internet protocols, Asterisk will replace many legacy telephone systems in the marketplace Asterisk is far less expensive and much more effective that any competing telephone system Asterisk provides all the functionality of a traditional PBX, but it also provides new features and capabilities a legacy PBX can't offer Because Asterisk is open you can change it and tune it as needed, unlike legacy systems which only provide closed black boxes with closed interfaces With Asterisk you will never again get locked into proprietary obsolete equipment from an unappealing single-source vendor This book documents the first release of Asterisk Asterisk is quickly evolving which makes it exceedingly difficult to completely and effectively document Thus, this book is not a complete guide to all the functionality Asterisk provides Not every Asterisk feature is covered, not every covered feature I covered completely None-the-less, this book should help you more quickly come up to speed wit Asterisk I have tried to write the book I wanted to have while I was learning Asterisk I have worked extremely hard to assure the accuracy of this text, and others have greatly contributed in their review of this book, but errors are unavoidable If you find an error, please let me know with mail tobookbugs@signate.com or by going to our Web page at http://asterisk.signate.com so that we can fix it for the next edition While this book is the result of the contribution of many people, the errors o omissions are my responsibility alone Paul Mahler asterisk@signate.com http://www.signate.com Acknowledgements There wouldn't be a book without the enormous help and support of Mark Spencer and Digium James Lyons, Matthew Nicolson, Mat Fredrickson, John Bigelow and Mike Wood at Digium Technical support deserve special thanks for the many hours of patient help They should get a medal Gre Vance was always there to help Thanks to David Edison and Daryl Jones for making it all possible Thanks to Warren Woodford for creating an Asterisk ready distribution of Mepis John Todd contributed very valuable technical material The reviewers, Matt Florell, Mike Diehl, and Tom Scott, did an especially good job of finding, and fixing, many of my mistakes and adding new material This book is much, much better because of their hard work I am especially grateful for their help Thank you, so much, everyone! John Bigelow, Bill Boehlke Malcom Davenport, Mike Diehl David Edison, Matt Florell Mat Fredrickson, Chris Hariga Dr Lewis Heniford, Amal Johnson Daryl Jones, James Lyons Matthew Nicholson, Mike Pechner Marcelo Rodriguez, Tom Scott, David Schlossman, Mark Spencer John Todd, Greg Vance, Mike Wood, Warren Woodford Forward Telephony uses an old and inefficient model Academics and researchers have shared their work for centuries Scientists publish new discoveries in journals Imagine where mankind would be if people had been unable to build on the knowledge of others Yet this is the mentality on which proprietary telephone systems have depended Traditional office telephones systems combine proprietary hardware and software The resulting products have been either low cost and low function, or functional but expensive to purchase, maintain, and change The developer of proprietary products has no interest in giving customers the ability t enhance or maintain them Why should he? The proprietary model gives the traditional telephone supplier the ability to charge customers to use the products, charge to fix them, and charge again when they need enhancement The proprietary model gets even better for the telephone supplier and worse for the customers as customers become tied to the vendor's specific methods and capabilities The cost of switching away from the supplier becomes very large, creating formidable barriers to change That's why the open source model of software development is exploding In the same way shared knowledge propels the whole of society forward, open technology development is showing that it ca drive innovation for an entire industry Open source returns control to the user Users can see the cod that makes the product work, change it, and learn from it Shared problems are more easily found a fixed, without dependence on a single vendor's priorities If customers don't like how one vendor I serving them, they can choose another without major switching costs Now, open source development has come to telephony, in the form of Asterisk, the open source telephony platform A full-featured private branch exchange with capabilities for call distribution and interactive voice response, Asterisk runs on industry-standard hardware and shares your existing data network rather than requiring separate lines and interconnection hardware This combination ca reduces business customers' initial investment in telephony by as much as 90%, and provides the opportunity for equally dramatic reductions in calling costs Even better, Asterisk lets customers integrate their telephone system with other applications as easily as they integrate their CRM application with their accounting software Asterisk can be 10 Internet With a small i as in internet, a network connecting differing subnets With a capital I as in Internet, the global Internet connecting all publicly accessible internets Internet Service Provider A company that provides Internet access to its customers Internet Telephony Service Provider A company that provides customers with the ability to place telephone calls over theInternet Interstate Between states IntrasInterruption A condition that arises when service or a portion thereof is inoperativetate - within a single state ISDN See Integrated Services Digital Network ISTP Individually Sheilded Twisted Pair Kb With a small b, kilo-bits With a large B, kilo-Bytes Kbs Kilo bits per second IVR See Interactive Voice Response system IXC See Interexchange Carrier Kewlstart Loop Start with far end disconnection supervision This allows the local device to detect when the remote device hangs up LATA See Local Access Transport Area Latency The time between the transmission and arrival of a signal transmitted through a network Letter of Agency See Ballot LEC See Local Exchange Carrier LLP See Local Loop Provider 197 Local Access The connection from a customer to their local office The portion of service between a Customer Premises and a Company designated Point-ofPresence Local Access Channel The connection between a Customer Premises and a Company Point-ofPresence Local Access Transport Area By government regulation a geographical area within which a Bell Operating Company is permitted to offer Exchange Telecommunications and ExchangeAccess Services A geographic area established by law and regulation for the provision and administration of telecommunications services Local Exchange Synonym for a local office Local Exchange Carrier -A company which furnishes exchange telephone service The local or regional telephone company that owns and operates local exchanges LECs have connections to other LECs or IECs Local Exchange Service The service that provides a customer the ability to place local calls Local Loop The connection from a user to a local office The circuit connecting a customer's premise equipment to the local office Local Loop Provider The company that provides access to a local loop Local Office A place where loops and trunks are terminated Also the central office supplying users in a specified geographical area with telephone services Loop Start A signal sent by a telephone or PBX that indicates the loop path has been completed Message Toll Service Switched long distance phone services between LECs and LATAs Typically charged for by the minue Mb, mB With a capital B, Mega Bytes With a lower case m Mega bits mbps Mega-bits per second mbps Mega-bytes per second Modem Modulator De-Modulator A device used to send data over POTS lines by converting the data into sound 198 Multiline Terminating Device Switching equipment, key telephone type systems or other similar customer premises terminating equipment which is capable of terminating more than one access line MTS See Message Toll Service NASC Number Search An application used to find available numbers in the 800 area code and reserve them for up to sixty days NAT Network Address Translation NEXT Near End Cross Talk NPA See Numbering Plan Area Numbering Plan Area The North American three digit codes used to identify a specific calling area Numbering Plan Area Split Division of an NPA by the addition of a new three digit code NUS See NASC Number Search OC - see Optical Carrier OCC - See Other Common Carrier OSPF Open Shortest Path First One Plus Dialing Access to long distance services by prefixing the dialed number with the digit Operator Theperson who assists people in placing telephone calls Operator Service Call A call placed with the assistance of an operator Operator Station Service that requires the assistance of an operator to complete a call Optical Carrier Series of physical protocols including defined for SONET optical signal transmissions OC signal levels put STS frames onto multimode fiberoptic line at a variety of speeds The base rate is 51.84mbps (OC-1); each signal level thereafter operates at a speed divisible by that number (thus, OC-3 runs at 155.52mbps) Other Common Carrier 199 A common carrier that was not part of the original AT&T system Out of Band Signals sent on a channel separate from the data PABX Private Automatic Branch Exchange - see Public Branch Exchange PAX Private Automatic Exchange - see Public Branch Exchange PBX See Public Branch Exchange PCM See Pulse Code Modulation Personal Identification Number A number used as a security code in order to restrict unauthorized access to an account or service Person-to-Person An operator assisted call only completed to a named individual PIC See Primary Interexchange Carrier POTS Plain Old Telephone Service PIC Freeze Prevents long distance services from being changed to a new vendor PIC Request A request sent to a LEC that contains a response code indicating if the requested service was performed PIN See Personal Identification Number Point-of-Presence A location where a Company maintains a Terminal Location for purposes of providing service POP See point of presence Primary Interexchange Carrier The IEC that One Plus Dialing calls are routed through PRI See Primary Rate Interface Primary Rate Interface A type of ISDN interface providing 23 bearer channels and data channel 200 Private Line A dedicated circuit connecting customer equipment at both ends of the circuit The private line does not include any switching services Provisioning The process of designing, implementing and tracking the fulfillment of a service order Promotion Periodic financial inducement offered by the Company to new and/or existing Customers of service to subscribe to and use new or additional service(s) PSTN Public Switched Telephone Network Public Branch Exchange A telephone system within an enterprise that switches calls between enterprise users on local lines and allows all users to share external phone lines APBX saves the cost of every user having a line to the telephone company In older usage, a private telephone switchboard that provided on-premises dial services Public Utilities Commission An agency that regulates intrastate telecommunications services PUC See Public Utilities Commission Pulse Code Modulation A signal is sampled, then the magnitude (with respect to a fixed reference) of each sample is quantized and digitized QoS Quality of Service Rate Center A specified geographical location used for determining mileage measurements Rate Element A low level component of a recurring fixed charge for IEC or LEC services Rates and Tariffs Published standards that define what services are available, how much they cost, and how they are provisioned RBOC See Regional Bell Operating Company Real Time Transport Protocol A protocol for transmitting and re-assembling IP data packets Redundancy 201 An offering of alternate service through the use of one or more different routings, circuits, and/or additional equipment Regional Bell Operating Company One of the seven "Baby Bell" operating companies One of the seven LECs established in the U.S Department of Justice 1984 Consent Decree with A&T The RBOC carriers are Ameritech, Verizon (NYNEX) or Verizon North, Verizon (Bell Atlantic) or Verizon South, Bell South, Pacific Bell (PacBell), Southwestern Bell and US West (Qwest) Regulators FCC, PUC, Federal Courts, ETC Requested Service Date The date requested by the Customer for the commencement of service and agreed to by the Company Reseller An IEC that leases bulk capacity and then resells some of it at a higher rate Residential Customer An individual, non-business telephone customer Restoration The re-establishment of service RIP Router Information Protocol Robbed Bit Signaling The same as Channel Associated Signaling (CAS) A method of signaling each traffic channel instead of having a dedicated signaling channel (likeISDN) The signaling for a circuit is permanently associated with that circuit The common forms are loopstart, groundstart Equal Access North American (EANA), and E&M The disadvantage of CAS signaling is its use of user bandwidth for signaling As well as call reception, CAS signaling can processes Dialed Numbe Identification Service (DNIS) and automatic number identification ANI) information Route Diversity Two channels furnished partially or entirely over two physically separate routes RTP See Real Time Transport Protocol Service Management System A system used to manage services Simple Network Management Protocol A protocol that provides for the remote management of network connected equipment SIP Session Initiation Protocol 202 Skinny Cisco proprietary VoIP protocol Slam Changing a customers long distance provider without their permission SMS See Service Management System SNMP See Simple Network Management Protocol SONET See Synchronous Optical Network Special Access Surcharge A charge imposed by a Local Exchange Carrier in accordance with Section 69.115 of the FCC Rules and Regulations Speed Dialing A service to dial numbers by dialing fewer than the usual number of digits State Tax The taxes that each state is allowed to charge States are allowed to charge taxes on a call if two out of the three following conditions are met -the call originates in the state, the call terminates i the state or the call is billed within the state Station Telephone equipment from or to which calls are placed Station-to-Station A directly dialed call where no operator is used Subscriber The ultimate user of the PSTN Surcharge A charge that is in addition to the normal base charge Switch A telecommunications product that connects incoming data to the correct destination Switched Access Non-dedicated access between a user and their local carrier Switched Access Service A class of LEC services providing switched services from a customer's premises to the IEC An service consisting of an occasionally connected circuit between a Customer Premises or serving telephone company central office and a Company terminal, available to the Customer on a usage, shared, basis, which is used for the origination or termination of service Switched Reseller 203 Resellers selling services with their own hardware Switching Fee A per-line fee imposed by a LEC to reprogram their switch when a user changes to a new carrier This fee is usually paid when a user changes to a reseller Switchless Reseller A reseller of long distance services that does not own or operate its own switches or lines Synchronous Optical Network A standard for optical telecommunications data transport developed by the Exchange Carriers Standards Association (ECSA) for the American National Standards Institute (ANSI.) ANSI sets industry standards in the U.S for telecommunications and other industries T1 or DS-1 A high speed telephone connection providing 1.544 mb of bandwidth T2 or Ds-2 The equivalent of four T1 lines providing 6.312 mb of bandwidth T3 or Ds-3 The equivalent of 28 T1 lines providing 44.736 mb of bandwidth T4 of Ds-4 The equivalent of six T3 channels providing 274.176 mb of bandwidth T-Carrier The generic designation of several different digitally multiplexed telecommunications carrier systems TCP See Transmission Control Protocol TDD Telecommunications Device for the Deaf Tariffs See Rates and Tariffs Telco See Telephone Company Telephone User equipment used for sending and receiving voice frequency signals including voice and touch tones Telephone call A connection maintained over time used to send and receive voice frequency signals Telephone Company A company that owns and operates lines to customer locations and central offices 204 Terminal Equipment Devices, apparatus and their associated wiring, such as teleprinters, telephone handsets or data sets, interconnected to service Telephone Switch A switch that switches telephone calls Termination Gateway Computer equipment that provides an interface between an IP network and thePSTN Terms of Service The body of prescribed rules governing the offering and furnishing of service, including"general" and "service-specific" terms contained in this tariff, as supplemented by any additional or alternative terms in a contract TFTP See Trivial FTP Third Party Billing Use of an outside provider for bill processing Time of Day Routing Call routing based on the time of day Used to reduce the cost of calls Toll A charge for a telephone call Toll Call A call that has an incremental charge Toll Fraud The illicit access to long distance services Transmission Control Protocol A reliable protocol for moving packets of data, often over an IP network Trivial FTP Trivial File Transfer Protocol -a simple implementation of FTP TFTP uses UDP and has no security features.TFTP is used to transfer a boot image from a server to peripheral equpment like diskless workstations, routers, x-terminals and ip telephones Trunk One of several phone lines that originate and terminate in the same location Trunk Group Telephone lines that originate and terminate in the same location UDP See User Datagram Protocol UTP 205 Unshielded Twisted Pair U.S Mainland The District of Columbia and the 48 conterminous states U.S Territories Puerto Rico, the U.S Virgin Islands, Guam, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, and American Samoa User Datagram Protocol An unreliable protocol used for transmitting data packets, typically over an IP network Voicemail A system that receives, stores, plays and manages voice messages voicemail Box The storage area for voice messages WATS See Wide Area Telephone Service Wide Area Telephone Service A special tariff for a specified calling area Wide Area Network A network over several locations that are widely separated Wire Center The service area where a Customer Premises would normally obtain exchange service or dial tone from anILEC Wireless Transmission without a wire, typically by radio or light waves Wireless Number Portability The service allowing a customer to retain their phone number when moving to a new provider WNP See Wireless Number Portability Working Telephone Number A telephone number with established operational telephone service WTN See Working Telephone Number Checklist Pre-Installation TABLE: checklist-1 Site Installation Information Company Name 206 Site Street Address City State Zip Site Contact Name Telephone Number E-Mail Address Cell Number Pager Number TABLE: checklist-2 Pre-Installation Requirement Network diagram displaying all devices Electrical power outlets available Outlets close enough to equipment to meet local codes Air conditioning required Air conditioning capacity Air conditioning outlet close enough to equipment Lan connections next to system location 110 or 66 blocks clearly marked Cell Number Pager Number TABLE: checklist-3 T1 Provider company name Provider comapny contact Contact Phone number Contact email Contact cell phone number Circuit ID Circuit completed and tested? Framing 207 CSU/DSU Data Port Number Telephone numbers TABLE: checklist-4 SIP Provider Provider company name Provider comapny contact Contact Phone number Contact email Contact cell phone number Circuit ID Circuit completed and tested? Telephone numbers TABLE: checklist-5 IP IP address for Asterisk server Subnet Mask? Router address (default gateway) Primary DNS Server Secondary DNS Server TABLE: checklist-6 Frane Rekat Provider company name Provider comapny contact Contact Phone number Contact email Contact cell phone number Port Speed Circuit completed and tested? PVC CIR Circuit Number LMI Type Carrying voice and data on the same PVC? 208 TABLE: checklist-7 Asterisk Server Provider company name Provider comapny contact Contact Phone number Contact address Contact city Contact state Contact zip Contact phone number Contact cell phone number Computer Model Processor Speed Memory Controller Type (SCSII/IDE) RAID (YES/NO) Disk Size Disk Size Disk Size Disk Size Removeable media (CD-ROM/DVD-ROM/CD-RW/DVD-RW) NIC - 10 or 100 or gigabig NIC - 10 or 100 or gigabit Removeable media (CD-ROM/DVD-ROM/CD-RW/DVD-RW) USB Ports (USB-1/USB-2) Number of USB Ports Monitor Type Monitor Size Keyboard Mouse Maintenance Contract ID 209 Maintenance contract expires Maintance Contact Name Maintance Contact Telephone Number Maintance Contact Hours Maintance Contract agreeed response time Linux Version Linux Provider TABLE: checklist-8 Network Equipment Provider company name Provider comapny contact Contact Phone number Contact email Contact cell phone number Equipment Type (router, switch) Model Power over Ethernet? TABLE: checklist-9 Electrical Provider company name Provider comapny contact Contact Phone number Contact email Contact cell phone number Required service size Circuit completed and tested? Outlet within five feet of equipment? UPS Required UPS Model Available standby time 210 TABLE: checklist-10 Telephones Provider company name Provider comapny contact Contact Phone number Contact email Contact cell phone number Telehpone Model Desciption (e.g for speaker phone) Analog or IP SIP Version Installed SIP Version Availalbe Service contract number Service contract end date Service contact name Service contact hours 211