Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)
ARP Packet Format
ARP Operation
Rules for ARP
Reverse Address Resolution Protocol (RARP)
Proxy ARP
What’s Wrong with the Address?
Extending the Life of the IPv4 Address Space
Address Assignment (The Old Method)
Addressing (The Old Method)
Address Terms and Definitions
Making the Address Efficient
Masks and Prefixes
Another Try
Variable-Length Subnet Masks
Longest Match Rule
Example One: An ISP Address Assignment
Example Two: Relaxing the Assignment
Supernetting Exposed
Route Aggregation
Determining a Common Prefix
Another Look at Route Aggregation
Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR)
Classless Inter-Domain Routing (continued)
Prefix Assignments
A Look at the Addresses of an ISP
A Graphic Look at the Example
CIDR and VLSM Comparison
Special Subnet Considerations
Internet Assigned Numbers Authority
Current IANA Address Block Assignments
Routing
Direct Routing
Indirect Routing
A Flowchart
Routing Protocols-Distance Vector
Updating Other Routers (Distance Vectors)
A Bigger Update
Routing Tables
The Routing Information Protocol (Version 1)
RIP Operational Types
RIP Field Descriptions
Default Router and Gateways
Disadvantages of the RIPv1 Protocol
Scaling with RIP
Routers and Subnet Masks
RIP Fixes
Split Horizon Demonstrated
RIP Version 2
Authentication
Subnet Mask Field
Route Tag and Next-Hop Fields
Multicast Support
RIPv2 Compatibility with RIPv1
Open Shortest Path First (OSPF, RFC 2178)
An OSPF Network
A Routing Protocol Comparison
OSPF Overview
OSPF Media Support
Router Types
Router Names and Routing Methods
Message Types
Metrics (Cost)
Generic Packet Format
The Hello Protocol
Adjacency
Maintaining the Database
OSPF Areas
The Backbone Area
The Area Border Router (ABR)
Virtual Link
Inter-Area Routing
Information from Other Autonomous Systems
Stub Areas
RFCs Related to OSPF
Static versus Dynamic Routing
Remote Networks
Datagram Routing