Adaptive technologies and business integration

Adaptive Technologies and Business Integration: Social, Managerial, and Organizational Dimensions Maria Manuela Cunha Polytechnic Institute of Cavado and Ave, Portugal Bruno Conceição Cortes Business Objects, Portugal Goran D Putnik University of Minho, Portugal Idea Group reference Hershey • London • Melbourne • Singapore Acquisitions Editor: Development Editor: Senior Managing Editor: Managing Editor: Assistant Managing Editor: Copy Editor: Typesetter: Cover Design: Printed at: Kristin Klinger Kristin Roth Jennifer Neidig Sara Reed Sharon Berger Julie LeBlanc Sara Reed Lisa Tosheff Yurchak Printing Inc Published in the United States of America by Idea Group Reference (an imprint of Idea Group Inc.) 701 E Chocolate Avenue, Suite 200 Hershey PA 17033 Tel: 717-533-8845 Fax: 717-533-8661 E-mail: cust@idea-group.com Web site: http://www.idea-group-ref.com and in the United Kingdom by Idea Group Reference (an imprint of Idea Group Inc.) Henrietta Street Covent Garden London WC2E 8LU Tel: 44 20 7240 0856 Fax: 44 20 7379 0609 Web site: http://www.eurospanonline.com Copyright © 2007 by Idea Group Inc All rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored or distributed in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, without written permission from the publisher Product or company names used in this set are for identification purposes only Inclusion of the names of the products or companies does not indicate a claim of ownership by IGI of the trademark or registered trademark Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Adaptive technologies and business integration : social, managerial and organizational dimensions / Maria Manuela Cunha, Bruno Conceicao Cortes and Goran D Putnik, editors p cm Summary: “This book provides inter-organizational aspects in business integration including managerial and organizational integration, social integration, and technology integration, along with the resources to accomplish this competitive advantage”-Provided by publisher Includes bibliographical references and index ISBN 1-59904-048-4 (hardcover) ISBN 1-59904-050-6 (ebook) Industrial organization I Cunha, Maria Manuela, 1964- II Cortes, Bruno Conceicao, 1976- III Putnik, Goran, 1954HD31.A296 2007 658.4’02 dc22 2006027729 British Cataloguing in Publication Data A Cataloguing in Publication record for this book is available from the British Library All work contributed to this book set is new, previously-unpublished material The views expressed in this book are those of the authors, but not necessarily of the publisher Table of Contents Detailed Table of Contents vi Preface xii Acknowledgments xviii Section I Business Requirements and Organizational Modeling Chapter I Enterprise Reconfiguration Dynamics and Business Alignment / Goran D Putnik, Maria Manuela Cunha, Bruno Conceição Cortes, and Paulo Silva Ávila Chapter II Co-Engineering Business, Information Use, and Operations Systems for IT-Enabled Adaptation / Jay Ramanathan and Rajiv Ramnath 33 Chapter III Dynamic Enterprise Modeling for Knowledge Worker Industries / Ian McKeachie and Ljubo Vlacic 59 Chapter IV Enterprise Systems: Innovation, Development, and Advantages / Kevin E Voges and Manuel Fernando Duarte Romero 82 Section II Integration Models and Architectures Chapter V Competence Management for Business Integration / Raymond Houe, Bernard Grabot, and Laurent Geneste 104 Chapter VI Business Integration in the Insurance Industry: The Intermediary Side of the Question / Vitor Amorim and Silvina Santana 118 Chapter VII SCOntology: A Formal Approach Toward a Unified and Integrated View of the Supply Chain / Silvio Gonnet, Marcela Vegetti, Horacio Leone, and Gabriela Henning 137 Section III Business Integration Management Chapter VIII Holistic Approach to Align ICT Capabilities with Business Integration / Marc Rabaey, Herman Tromp, and Koenraad Vandenborre 160 Chapter IX Managing Information Systems Integration in Corporate Mergers and Acquisitions / Sven A Carlsson and Stefan Henningsson 174 Chapter X The Impact of the Process Integration on Business Management: Case Studies using Six Sigma Methodology / F Aggogeri, E Gentili, and M Mazzola 189 Section IV Knowledge Management for Business Integration Chapter XI New Business Requirements in the Knowledge-Based Society / Anca Draghici and George Draghici 211 Chapter XII Intelligent Organizations: Knowledge Computing Management / Gustavo Daniel Tripodi and Roberto Gustavo Illescas 244 Chapter XIII Integration of Knowledge Resources in R&D Organizations: The Case of Mihajlo Pupin Institute / Valentina Janev and Sanja Vraneš 263 Section V Technologies and Infrastructures Chapter XIV Business Information Integration from XML and Relational Databases Sources / Ana María Fermoso Garcia and Roberto Berjón Gallinas 282 Chapter XV Ontology Mapping Techniques in Information Integration / Yi Zhao, Xia Wang, and Wolfgang A Halang 308 Chapter XVI Integration Platform for De-Centralized Investment Projects Appraisal / Mladen Stanojević, Violeta Tomašević, and Sanja Vraneš 329 About the Authors 350 Index 359 Detailed Table of Contents Preface xii Acknowledgments xviii Section I Business Requirements and Organizational Modeling Chapter I Enterprise Reconfiguration Dynamics and Business Alignment / Goran D Putnik, Maria Manuela Cunha, Bruno Conceição Cortes, and Paulo Silva Ávila Chapter I discusses the phenomenon of the enterprise organizational reconfiguration and its dynamics as a business alignment enabler By business alignment it is understood the enterprise’s actions undertaken to gain synergy between a market opportunity and the provision or delivery of the product claimed by the market The enterprise’s organization “fast reconfiguration,” either as a proactive or as a reactive action, is seen as the main enabler of business alignment and the main requirement for achieving competitiveness The need to keep a close alignment with dynamic market environment in permanent change implies the high dynamics of the organizational structure—reconfiguration The text presents enterprise’s requirements for competitiveness and business alignment, discusses the phenomenon of the enterprise reconfigurability and finally analyses some organizational and management approaches, from the reconfigurability point of view Chapter II Co-Engineering Business, Information Use, and Operations Systems for IT-Enabled Adaptation / Jay Ramanathan and Rajiv Ramnath 33 Chapter II introduces the Adaptive Complex Enterprise architecture, an enabler to deal with an externally-driven environment and with increasing complexity among entities Adaptive Complex Enterprise architecture is a holistic architecture based on complete dynamic performance traceability of interacting entities as they produce value The architecture is operationalized through the related Co-engineering methodology, and traceability enables the business agents to accede the information for decision-making and adaptation, using IT as needed Chapter III Dynamic Enterprise Modeling for Knowledge Worker Industries / Ian McKeachie and Ljubo Vlacic 59 Chapter III presents a case study of the empirical development and implementation of a commercially successful enterprise modeling framework and associated constructs It follows a practical business and management viewpoint and provides a guide for the implementation of the empirical framework in real enterprises It presents the successful integration of standard theoretical frameworks with empirical business and management models, including areas that have previously not been covered in an integrated fashion Chapter IV Enterprise Systems: Innovation, Development, and Advantages / Kevin E Voges and Manuel Fernando Duarte Romero 82 Information technology development has, in many cases, not been balanced by an enhancement of information management competences within organizations Chapter IV discusses the relevance of information management capacity and its impact on organizations’ development and competitiveness The chapter discusses how to successfully exploiting opportunities, through the business philosophy of Enterprise Systems which have helped streamline business processes and improve the overall performance of organizations, introduces and discusses the development of Enterprise Systems and its role in creating competitive advantage Section II Integration Models and Architectures Chapter V Competence Management for Business Integration / Raymond Houe, Bernard Grabot, and Laurent Geneste 104 Business integration requires that each partner can guarantee not only the quality of its products, but also the qualification and competence of its workforce The usual models such as those included in the Human Resource Management modules of ERP systems, are not sufficient in highly constrained domains like aeronautics Chapter V discusses how a generic competence management model was modified and enlarged in order to satisfy such constraints, introducing a model based on a software application, which may allow to guarantee that only competent people have been involved in the various steps of the manufacturing process and also may allow to improve the way operational competences are managed Chapter VI Business Integration in the Insurance Industry: The Intermediary Side of the Question / Vitor Amorim and Silvina Santana 118 Chapter VI introduces the main concerns and constraints felt in the insurance industry and exposes the problems faced by intermediaries and insurance companies in this industry all over the world, when trying to integrate their business, and how they can be overcome Information and Communication Technologies and Information Systems can provide that connectivity, both intra- and inter-organizations, making it possible for the participants to come closer and dialog better, reducing response times and costs, improving the service to their clients and, possibly, creating new business opportunities It also includes a case study about how an intermediary integrates with other entities, using an electronic business platform Chapter VII SCOntology: A Formal Approach Toward a Unified and Integrated View of the Supply Chain / Silvio Gonnet, Marcela Vegetti, Horacio Leone, and Gabriela Henning 137 Chapter VII identifies the various challenges associated to the Supply Chain Management, which involves coordinating and integrating material and immaterial flows, both within and across several companies The integration of these flows is perceived in quite distinct ways by different communities, raising some semantics related problems The chapter introduces a new ontology, named SCOntology, to describe a supply chain at various abstraction levels, by sharing a precise meaning of the information exchanged during the communication among the many stakeholders involved It also provides a foundation for the specification of information logistics processes and sets the grounds for measuring and evaluating a supply chain Section III Business Integration Management Chapter VIII Holistic Approach to Align ICT Capabilities with Business Integration / Marc Rabaey, Herman Tromp, and Koenraad Vandenborre 160 Chapter VIII proposes a holistic approach for the alignment of the business integration with the necessary ICT capabilities This holistic approach encompasses the set up of an Interdisciplinary Forum whose task is to align the business strategy with the resource strategy The chapter discusses the authors’ view on Enterprise Architecture, integrating a business architecture, an information architecture, an application architecture and an infrastructure architecture, how it relates to the Interdisciplinary Forum, and discusses the impact of business integration on Enterprise Architecture Chapter IX Managing Information Systems Integration in Corporate Mergers and Acquisitions / Sven A Carlsson and Stefan Henningsson 174 Chapter IX focuses the role of information systems integration in the context of corporate mergers and acquisitions The topic is addressed from a management perspective and targets especially the consequences that information systems integration has for the acquisition initiative Based on a literature review, the chapter presents a framework for describing, explaining, and managing information systems integration in mergers and acquisitions The usefulness and validity of this framework is shown by a case study on acquisition and information systems integration Chapter X The Impact of the Process Integration on Business Management: Case Studies using Six Sigma Methodology / F Aggogeri, E Gentili, and M Mazzola 189 Chapter X demonstrates the power of the process integration in increasing the performance level of industrial systems using the Six Sigma methodology Six Sigma methodology is the solution proposed by the authors to manage processes in order to achieve customer satisfaction, focusing on an integrated management of their functions This methodology can be applied to every industrial field, anywhere the need for a global, shared objective and for improvement is advised Additionally, three case studies are discussed, in order to better illustrate the opportunities and the advantages associated to the implementation of Six Sigma Section IV Knowledge Management for Business Integration Chapter XI New Business Requirements in the Knowledge-Based Society / Anca Draghici and George Draghici 211 Chapter XI explains the knowledge management’s role for competitive advantage as a means of new business requirement in the knowledge based society It argues that knowledge management, combined with new Information Technologies, determinates new approaches of the business strategy, knowledge leadership, culture, management content, organizational structure, technology and innovation, which are Integration Platform for De-Centralized Investment Projects Appraisal Finally, we tried to predict some future trends in the field of software architecture suitable for business integration We believe that SOA will become very popular in the implementation of complex business integration applications, thanks to its flexibility and extensibility We have briefly described agent paradigm and Web services as two possible specifications of SOA references Beauchemin, B (2001) SQL/J and embedded SQL Retrieved September 28, 2005, from www develop.com/downloads/SQLWP.pdf Behrens, W & Hawranek, P.M (1991) Manual for the preparation of industrial feasibility studies Vienna: UNIDO Publication Bellifemine, F., Caire, G., Poggi, A., & Rimassa, G (2003), JADE—A white paper Retrieved September 28, 2005, from http://jade.tilab.com/ papers/WhitePaperJADEEXP.pdf Brans, J P., & Mareschal, B (1994) How to decide with PROMETHEE Retrieved September 28, 2005, from www.visualdecision.com/Pdf/ How%20to%20use%20PROMETHEE.pdf Brans, J P., & Vincke, P (1985) A 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http://java.sun.com/products/jsp/ Vasudevan, V (2001) A Web services primer Retrieved September 28, 2005, from http://webservices.xml.com/pub/a/ws/2001/04/04/webservices/index.html Vraneš, S., Stanojević, M & Stevanović, V (2002) Investment decision making In Leondes (Ed.), Expert systems (pp 1107-1133) San Diego: Academic Press Sun Microsystems (2005d) Java API for XML Processing (JAXP) documentation Retrieved  0 About the Authors Maria Manuela Cunha is currently an associate professor in the Higher School of Technology, Polytechnic Institute of Cávado and Ave, Portugal She holds a Dipl.Eng in informatics and systems engineering, an M.Sci in the field of information society and a Dr.Sci in the field of virtual enterprises, all from the University of Minho She coordinates the scientific domain of organizations and information systems in the Department of Information Systems and Technologies, and teaches subjects related with information systems and technologies, software engineering and organizational models to undergraduate and postgraduate studies She supervises several Ph.D projects in the domain of virtual enterprises Her scientific and engineering interests are electronic business, agile and virtual enterprises and information systems She regularly publishes and participates on international scientific conferences She serves as a member of editorial boards for several international journals and has served in several scientific committees of international conferences Bruno Conceição Cortes is currently a senior software developer for Business Objects, a world leading company on business intelligence solutions Until recently, he lectured in the Higher School of Technology at the Polytechnic Institute of Cávado and Ave, Portugal, where he was coordinator of the artificial intelligence area and the responsible teacher for the courses of databases, advanced databases programming and decision support systems He holds a Dipl.Eng in informatics and systems engineering, with specialization in systems analysis and software specification, an M.Sci in informatics and computer science, with specialization in distributed systems, computers communication and computers architecture, all from the University of Minho (Portugal) He is currently undergoing a Ph.D on computer science (artificial intelligence) He was project leader in several projects on business intelligence, enterprise information systems, data quality and decision support environments His main areas of interest and expertise are business integration, decision support, business intelligence and database development Goran D Putnik received his Dipl.Eng., M.Sci and Dr.Sci from Belgrade University, both M.Sci and Dr.Sci in the area of intelligent manufacturing systems His current position is aggregated professor, Department of Production and Systems Engineering, University of Minho, Portugal He teaches Copyright © 2007, Idea Group Inc., distributing in print or electronic forms without written permission of IGI is prohibited About the Authors the subjects of CAD/CAPP, CAM, FMS and virtual enterprises in undergraduate studies, and CAD/ CAPP/CAM systems, concurrent engineering, enterprise organization, IMS and design theory in postgraduate studies He served as director of the Centre for Production Systems Engineering (CESP) for years and its deputy director for years He is director of the Master and Postgraduate Course on CIM, and is responsible for the Laboratory for Virtual Enterprises (LABVE), the Department of Production and Systems Engineering, University of Minho His scientific and engineering interests are production systems and enterprises design, and control theory and implementations: CIM, CAD/CAPP/CAM systems, intelligent production systems and enterprises, machine learning as a design theory model, design engineering, information systems management, formal theory of production systems and enterprises, and distributed, agile and virtual enterprises He is supervising a number of Ph.D projects, as well He regularly publishes and participates in international scientific conferences He serves as a member of editorial boards for several international journals and has served in more than 40 Scientific Committees of International conferences He was also invited lecturer at a number of universities *** Francesco Aggogeri is a LeanSigma expert and part of the technology and production systems research group at the University of Brescia Research subjects are: improvement of processes, implementation of improvement methodologies (Six Sigma, Lean Sigma and Scor) and quality control Vítor José Castro Amorim received a bachelor’s degree in computer systems in 1995 and a university degree in computer systems engineering in December 1998, both at the Instituto Superior de Engenharia Porto Amorim also received a Masters degree in information management in 2005 at Universidade de Aveiro Working in I2S Informática - Sistemas e Serviços, SA (www.i2s.pt), since July 1995, Amorim has been developing several activities, including analysis, development and management of the GIS® Life insurance application Paulo Silva Ávila received his Eng License from the University of Coimbra in the domain of mechanical engineering; his MSc from the University of Minho in the domain of computer integrated manufacturing; and his Ph.D from the University of Minho in the area of resources selection for agile and virtual enterprises His current position is assistant professor in the Department of Mechanical Engineering at the High Engineering Institute of Porto, Portugal, covering the subjects production system organization and management, computer integrated manufacturing (CIM) and total quality management He is a quality consulter and his interests besides that are manufacturing systems and enterprise design, and management theory and implementation Sven A Carlsson is professor of informatics at School of Economics and Management, Lund University, Sweden His current research interests include the use of information and communication technologies (ICT) to support management processes, knowledge management, enterprise systems, the use of ICT in electronic value networks and the use of critical realism in information systems research He is a regional editor for Knowledge Management Research & Practice He has published in such journals as Journal of Management Information Systems, Decision Sciences, Information & Management, Journal of Decision Systems, International Journal of Technology Management, Knowledge Management Research & Practice and Knowledge and Process Management  About the Authors Anca Draghici is associate professor at Politehnica University of Timisoara – Romania, management faculty Teaching subjects are ergonomics and human resources management; and research fields of interest are ergonomic industrial design, knowledge management and management for competitiveness Draghici has published more than 140 articles in scientific journals and proceedings of international conferences organized in Romania, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia, France and Denmark Since June 2004, Draghici has been a member of the Virtual Research Laboratory for a Knowledge Community in Production a Network of Excellence of the 6th Framework Program of the European Commission (VRL-KCiP NoE, FP6-507487-2) George Draghici is professor at Politehnica University of Timisoara (UPT) – Romania, mechanical engineering faculty, director of the Integrated Engineering Research Centre and PhD advisor in the field of industrial engineering His teaching subjects are manufacturing engineering and integrated engineering; and his research field is integrated product and processes engineering Draghici has published more than 150 articles in scientific journals and proceedings of international conferences organized in Romania, Hungary, Poland, France, the United Kingdom and Canada Since June 2004, he has been the scientific responsible of the UPT team in the Virtual Research Laboratory for a Knowledge Community in Production a Network of Excellence of the 6th Framework Program of the European Commission (VRL-KCiP NoE, FP6-507487-2) Roberto Berjón Gallinas obtained a university degree in computer science from Deusto University in Spain in 1993, and presented his thesis for Ph.D in computing in March 2006 Nowadays he works as a lecturer of programming languages in the computer science school of Pontifical University of Salamanca in Spain His current research interests are about programming languages, but mainly about XML and all the technologies around it, especially in relation with databases and data integration from heterogeneous sources In this sense, Gallinas has several publications and projects, and he has published a book about efficient access to database in the Web using XML Ana María Fermoso Garcia obtained a university degree in computer science from Deusto University in Spain in 1994, and a Ph.D in computing by the same university in 2003 Nowadays Fermoso is working as professor in the computer science school of Pontifical University of Salamanca (Spain) Her current research interests include two main areas: software engineering, including topics like Web engineering and newer software methodologies like Model Driven Architecture; and XML and technologies around it, mainly in relation with databases and data integration from heterogeneous sources and with Web semantic and ontologies topics In this sense, Fermoso has several publications and projects, and she has published a book about efficient access to databases in the Web using XML Laurent Geneste is professor at National Engineering School of Tarbes His research fields mainly concern knowledge acquisition and exploitation, especially cognitive experience feedback processes This work is based, on one hand, on a joint meta-modeling of experience structure and experience feedback processes and, on the other hand, on the use and adaptation of knowledge processing techniques, such as case-based reasoning and constraint propagation Geneste is also in charge of a resource and skill center called Information, Decision and Communication for Enterprises (IDCE), dedicated to technology transfer in the field of information technologies  About the Authors Professor Enzo Gentili began his research in 1970 in the field of metal plasticity (wire and tube drawing, deep drawing, forging, extrusion forging and the ring test) In the 1980s, he widened his research field in the use of FEM in metal plasticity and metal cutting optimization (turning, milling, tool reliability, choice of the optimal cutting speed under stochastic conditions).Towards the end of the 1980s and the beginning of the 1990s, his main field of research was the optimization policy using FMS and JIT production A subsequent field of research was the use of neural networks in simulation modeling and of genetic, taboo and simulated annealing algorithms in scheduling His recent research fields are total quality management (coordinate measuring machines); preventive and improving systems for quality control; quality and safety management, quality management; continuous improvement; problem solving Silvio Gonnet is an assistant professor at the systems department of Facultad Regional Santa Fe, Universidad Tecnológica Nacional, Santa Fe, Argentina He also holds an assistant researcher position at the National Council for Scientific and Technical Research of Argentina (CONICET), working at Instituto de Desarrollo y Diseño He obtained his Ph.D in engineering from Universidad Nacional del Litoral, in Santa Fe, Argentina, in 2003 Current research activities focus on semantic Web applications to supply-chain information systems and enterprise modeling Bernard Grabot is professor in the National Engineering School of Tarbes, France (ENIT), where his main courses concern modeling and specification methods, production management and decision support systems His research interests concern decision support, especially for production activity control systems, scheduling and management of competences at the workshop level He has been involved in several European projects (CRAFT, INTERREG, etc.) and is the deputyeditor in chief of the international IFAC journal, Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence Wolfgang A Halang, born 1951 in Essen, Germany, received a doctorate in mathematics from RuhrUniversität Bochum in 1976, and a second one in computer science from Universität Dortmund in 1980 He worked both in industry (Coca-Cola GmbH and Bayer AG) and academia (University of Petroleum and Minerals, Saudi Arabia, and University of Illinois – Urbana-Champaign) before he was appointed to the chair of applications oriented computing science and head of the department of computing science at the University of Groningen in the Netherlands Since 1992, he holds the chair of computer engineering in the faculty of electrical and computer engineering at Fernuniversität in Hagen, Germany, whose dean he became in 2002 He was a visiting professor at the University of Maribor, Slovenia, 1997, and the University of Rome II in 1999 Research interests comprise all major areas of hard, real-time computing, with special emphasis on safety-related systems He is the founder and European editor-in-chief of the journal Real-Time Systems; member of the editorial boards of four other journals; co-director of the 1992 NATO Advanced Study Institute on Real-Time Computing; has authored 10 books and more than 300 refereed book chapters, journal publications and conference contributions; has edited 15 books; holds patents; has given some 80 guest lectures in more than 20 countries; and is active in various professional organizations and technical committees, as well as involved in the program committees of some 160 conferences Gabriela Henning is a professor at Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL) in Santa Fe, Argentina, and holds a researcher position at the National Council for Scientific and Technological Research of Argentina  About the Authors (CONICET), working at INTEC (CONICET-UNL) She received a Ph.D in chemical engineering from UNL in 1986 and was a postdoctoral fellow at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (1986-1989), specializing in applications of artificial intelligence in process engineering Current research interests include the development of integrated information systems for production organizations, as well as the solution of industrial scheduling and supply-chain management problems by means of knowledge-based techniques She has supervised several Ph.D students Stefan Henningsson is a PhD candidate in informatics at the School of Economics and Management, Lund University, Sweden His doctoral thesis work is based on a collaborative research project where Lund University and a Swedish industry group focus managerial aspects of information systems (IS) integration in corporate mergers and acquisitions Henningsson has previously published articles on IS in M&A, corporate IS strategy and IS integration After a bachelor’s and master’s degree in applied mathematics (within the mathematical statistic specialization), Raymond Houe got a professional master’s and master’s of research in industrial engineering He is currently applying for a Ph.D in the field of computer aided design, addressing the formalization and exploitation of normative knowledge, aiming at introducing environmental issues into product design Roberto Illescas was born in Azul, Argentina He received the system’s engineer degree from Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Tandil (UNCPBA), Argentina He is professor and research member of the research laboratory Instituto de Investigación en Tecnología Informática Avanzada at the Faculty of Exact Sciences, UNCPBA Research interests are in business intelligence, knowledge computing management, balanced scorecard, data warehouses and management expert systems He has published articles presented at various professional conferences related with his research activities Illescas is EMPRESAR SyS founding member and company participant of the Technological and Scientist Park at UNCPBA Valentina Janev, M.Sc., is researcher of The Mihajlo Pupin Institute, Belgrade, Serbia and Montenegro since 2002 She received her B.Sc in electrical engineering and M.Sc in computer science from the University of Ljubljana, Slovenia She has a broad experience and expertise in design and development of enterprise resource planning and business intelligence systems Main research interests include business intelligence and knowledge management; in particular, semantic technologies and knowledge management infrastructures Horacio P Leone is a professor at the systems department of Facultad Regional Santa Fe, Universidad Tecnológica Nacional, Santa Fe, Argentina, where he currently is department head He also holds a researcher position at the National Council for Scientific and Technical Research of Argentina (CONICET), working at Instituto de Desarrollo y Diseño He obtained his Ph.D in chemical engineering from Universidad Nacional del Litoral in Santa Fe, Argentina in 1986 and was a postdoctoral fellow at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (1986-1989) His current research activities focus on semantic Web applications to supply-chain information systems and enterprise modeling He has supervised several Ph.D students  About the Authors Marco Mazzola is part of the technology and production systems research group at the University of Brescia His research subjects are improvement of processes, design of experiments, integrated planning and production management Ian McKeachie is a senior technical consultant at Data#3 Ltd., with 32 years of experience in the diverse areas of communications systems, industrial control electronics, system integration, strategic planning and management information systems This has included the commercially successful startup and management of listed companies’ divisions, as well as consulting for various private, statutory authority and government clients McKeachie has also designed and delivered various in-house and tertiary-level courses in the last 20 years on a range of related subjects Current interest is focused on business processes and their interactions with technology in general, including research on strategic analysis, management and enterprise integration Marc Rabaey holds a master’s of social and military science (1984) and a degree of commercial engineer (1990) He starts his professional career in the information technology (IT)-center of the medical service In 1990, he was project manager of replacing the mainframes of the medical service by Sun/Sybase/IP-network In 1993, he became the head of IT of Command Medical Operations From 1997 until 2001, he was assigned respectively as deputy chief IT and chief IT medical service Since 2002, he has been information system manager of the department evaluation of the Belgian defense His Ph.D in applied economics at the Vrije Universiteit Brussel and Royal Military Academy has as its subject “Investment in Information and Communication Techologies: A Holistic Approach,” aligning IT with the strategy of an organization Jay Ramanathan (Ph.D from Rice University in 1977) is currently director of research at the Center for Enterprise Transformation and Innovation within the computer science and engineering department at Ohio State University Previously, Ramanathan was the CEO and founder of Concentus Technology Corporation Her 25 years of technology research, development and commercialization experience had been focused on deploying workflow management and enterprise integration solutions for early adopters Ramanathan has also been program manager for DARPA and industry-funded programs for the integration of complex systems at the enterprise level Based on experience with more than 100 companies, she has developed architecture patterns that have been applied successfully to develop strategic and innovative solutions She has also received awards, such as the Tibbet’s award for creating and licensing technology Ramanathan has written numerous papers in the field and supervised master’s and doctoral students while a tenured faculty at Ohio State University Rajiv Ramnath (Ph.D from Ohio State University, 1988) is director of practice of the Collaborative for Enterprise Transformation and Innovation (CETI) at the department of computer science and engineering at Ohio State University (OSU) He was formerly a vice president and chief technology officer at Concentus Technology Corp and involved in government-funded research and development (R&D) programs, such as the National Information Infrastructure Integration Protocols (NIIIP) project He is currently engaged in industry-facing programs of applied R&D, education, technology transfer and practice Ramnath’s expertise and research interests range from wireless sensor network and pervasive computing applications in the enterprise to the alignment of business strategy and processes with information technology, enterprise architecture, technology management and integration and software  About the Authors engineering, e-government, collaborative environments, configurable enterprise systems, workflow and work-management systems He teaches graduate and undergraduate research, technology strategy and software engineering courses at OSU M Fernando Duarte Romero is an engineer at the Christchurch Engine Centre, a join venture between Pratt and Whitney and Air New Zealand Duarte has a master’s in engineering management from Canterbury University, New Zealand, and a bachelor’s of industrial engineering from La Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Chile Innovation and technology, continuous improvement and enterprise systems are his areas of interest Silvina Maria Vagos Santana is professor of information and knowledge management, information systems management and strategic management at the University of Aveiro She holds degrees in electronics and telecommunications engineering and industrial engineering and management, and a Ph.D in information and knowledge management She has worked at a large telecommunications enterprise and as a consultant with several small- and medium-size companies Her investigation interests center in the areas of knowledge and information management, organizational learning, information systems and technologies, the relationship between organizational learning and innovation, business integration and new business, organizational and work models Mladen Stanojević is a senior scientific consultant at the Mihailo Pupin Institute He received his M.Sc degree in the field of belief revision/truth maintenance and Ph.D in the area of natural language processing, both from the University of Belgrade He has been working on applying techniques from artificial intelligence and natural language processing in real-world decision support systems, semantic Web applications, complex business Web applications and so forth Research interests include knowledge representation techniques, natural language processing techniques, semantic Web, Web services, expert systems, decision support systems, multi-criteria analysis algorithms and so forth In these areas, he has published more than 60 scientific papers Violeta Tomašević is a senior scientific consultant at the Mihailo Pupin Institute She received her M.Sc degree in the field of explanation in expert systems and her Ph.D degree in cryptoanalysis from the University of Belgrade She has been taking part in projects including complex Web application based on modern Internet technologies, business decision support systems and expert systems Research interests include cryptology and, specifically, cryptoanalysis, semantic Web, expert systems, decision support systems, modern Web technologies and so forth She has published more than 40 scientific and research papers in these fields Gustavo Tripodi was born in Tandil, Argentina He received the system’s engineer degree from Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (UNCPBA), Tandil, Argentina He is professor and research member of the research laboratory Instituto de Investigación en Tecnología Informática Avanzada at the faculty of exact sciences, UNCPBA Research interests are in business intelligence, knowledge computing management, balanced scorecard, data warehouses and management expert systems He has published articles presented at various professional conferences related with his research activities He is EMPRESAR SyS founding member, and company participant of the Technological and Scientist Park at UNCPBA  About the Authors Herman Tromp holds an electrical engineering degree (1972), a degree in telecommunications engineering (1973) and a Ph.D in engineering (1978), all from Ghent University, Belgium Since 1972, he has been with the department of information technology, Ghent University, Belgium, on leave with McMaster University, Canada in 1974-1975 and the Belgian Military Academy (telecom department) in 1975-1976 Main interests are currently in research on architectural resources for the revitalization and integration of legacy information technology systems, and on software development methodology in general He also teaches software engineering to computer science students at Ghent University, Belgium, and regularly gives lectures in post-academic programs Koenraad Vandenborre holds an electrical engineering degree (1992) obtained at Ghent University, Belgium From 1998 until 2001, he was affiliated with the department of information technology, Ghent University, as a Ph.D student In 2001, he became an information technology (IT) consultant within Inno.com, a Belgian consulting firm delivering IT architecture and IT strategy services In 2004, he returned to research at Hogeschool Gent to finalize his Ph.D on information architecture and information management Vandenborre’s main interests are in software engineering in general and, specifically, the supportive and/or enabling role of enterprise architecture and information Architecture towards business processes and the business strategy Marcela Vegetti received an engineer degree in information systems from Universidad Tecnológica Nacional (UTN), Santa Fe, Argentina, in 2002 She is a Ph.D student in information systems engineering at UTN She also has a research fellowship from the National Council for Scientific and Technical Research of Argentina (CONICET), to work at the Instituto de Desarrollo y Diseño Research interests are in the conceptual and formal modeling areas and in the representation of product knowledge, a topic on which she is preparing her Ph.D thesis Ljubo Vlacic is professor and founding director of the Intelligent Control Systems Laboratory, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia His career has included a number of positions with both industry and academia In recognition of his research achievements and contributions to the profession, Vlacic was named the 2003 Queensland Professional Engineer of the Year In addition to this prestigious award, Vlacic also received the 2004 IEE Achievement Medal (an accolade driven by the IEE Knowledge Service Board in UK), 2004 Sir Lionel Hooke Award (one of the highest Australian honors the IEE Australia bestows) and, along with his ICSL research group, the 2000 Engineering Project Excellence Award, Queensland His research achievements have often made news headlines, being broadcast widely through various media outlets throughout the world Vlacic also was awarded the 1989/90 Fulbright Postdoctoral Research Fellowship (USA), the 1998 DAAD Postdoctoral Research Fellowship (Germany) and the 2004/’05 JSPS Invitation Research Fellowship, Japan Research interests and contributions to research span the areas of control systems, decision theory, intelligent control, and computer and systems engineering, and the application of these methodologies to industrial automation, mechatronics, intelligent robotics, manufacturing, computer and communication systems, knowledge management and intelligent vehicles, and transport systems Vlacic is co-author of two research monographs, co-editor of several books and co-author of more than 100 journal articles, conference papers and book chapters Kevin Voges is a senior lecturer in marketing and head of the department of management at the University of Canterbury Voges has taught research methods courses in psychology, education and  About the Authors business He has consulting experience in education, organizational development, business planning and market research Research interests include the application of concepts and techniques from computational intelligence to marketing theory and practice He has developed a new cluster analysis technique, rough clustering, based on rough sets theory, and edited a book on business applications of computational intelligence Sanja Vranes, Ph.D., has been jointly appointed as a scientific director of the Mihailo Pupin Institute and adjunct professor of computer science at the University of Belgrade She is also in charge of the Fraunhofer-Pupin Joint Project Office, established in 2003 Since 1999, she has been engaged as a United Nations Expert for information technologies She received her Dipl Eng Degree, M.Sc and Ph.D in computer science, all from the University of Belgrade She was a postdoctoral research fellow at the University of Bristol, England, during 1993-1994 Her research interests include semantic Web applications, intelligent agents, expert systems, decision support systems, multi-criteria analysis algorithms and so forth In these areas, Vranes has published 130 papers She is a member of IEEE, AAAI and ACM professional associations Xia Wang received her B.Sc in computer science from North China Electric Power University in 1999 and her M.Sc in computer system architecture from East-China Institute of Computer Technology, Shanghai, in 2002 Currently, she is a doctoral candidate at Fernuniversität in Hagen, Germany Her research interests are in the areas of semantic Web service and ontology-related technologies Yi Zhao received her Ph.D degree in pattern recognition and information system (with honor) from Shanghai Jiaotong University, China, in 2001 In the same year, she joined Philips Research East Asia, Shanghai, as a senior scientist, working in the optical storage group Since December 2001, she has been with Fernuniversität in Hagen, Germany, where she is currently a habilitation researcher Current research interests lie in the areas of semantic Web mining and data mining with the application of soft computing techniques Zhao is the recipient of a Lise Meitner-Habilitationsstipendium (2003-2006) of the state of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany   Index A ACE architecture framework 34 ACE concepts 37 ACE dimensions 42 adaptive complex enterprise (ACE) architecture 33 adhesion 128 algorithm performance evaluation 308 architecture and development 112 architectures and platforms 331 associated constructs 59 automated data capture 73 automatic mapping discovery 317 auxiliary information 313 B business-IT alignment 41 business-IT architecture 33 business-IT architecture approach 33 business alignment 1, 3, business alignment enabler 1, 13 business information integration 282 business integration 104, 118, 160 business integration problems 329 business management 189 business management integration 189 business process layer 70 business requirements 211 business strategy 211 C case studies 189 centered management survey 252 co-engineering 53 co-engineering business 33 competence management 104 competence management model 104 competitive advantage 212 competitiveness computer administration of knowledge 244 computer integrated manufacturing (CIM) 59 concept in FCA 311 conceptual model 144 consistency checks 76 corporate acquisitions 174 corporate M&As 178 corporate mergers 174 cultural aspects of ICT 160 culture 211 customer satisfaction 190 customer satisfaction 189 Copyright © 2007, Idea Group Inc., distributing in print or electronic forms without written permission of IGI is prohibited Index D database management systems (DBMS) 282 data warehousing methodology 263 de-centralized investment projects appraisal 329 decision process 163 diffusion of ES innovations 88 document/workflow management 272 document warehouse layer 263 domain description 340 drivers 82, 93 DW layer 272 dynamic enterprise modeling 59 E electronic business evoluation 128 electronic business platform 118, 121 electronic data integration 123 empirical framework 61 enablers 82 enabling technologies 92 enterprise architecture 62 enterprise architecture’s role 163 enterprise business process 265 enterprise integration architectures, modeling and, methodologies (EIAM&M) 59 enterprise modeling framework 59 enterprise organizational reconfiguration enterprise reconfiguration dynamics enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems 104 enterprise systems 82 ES and the Internet 87 ES innovation 82 eXtensible Markup Language (XML) 282 eXtensible Markup Language (XML) data sources 282 external or boundary conditions 68 Extranets 255 F fast reconfiguration FIDES 334 fractal approach 41 0 framework for investment decision support (FIDES) 329 front line staff support 72 H high-technology sector 263 holistic knowledge management infrastructure 267 human resource based-business processes 105 human resource management 104 human resources 244 I ICT capabilities 160 ICT governance 166 individual knowledge 228 information and communication technology (ICT) 160 information integration 308 information logistics 137 information management capacity 82 information systems (IS) integration 174 information use 33 Infospace Pattern 47 initial reference framework 107 innovation 211 innovation process 266 insurance business 118 insurance industry 118 integrated management 189 integration business information problem 282 integration in M&A 180 integration of business management 189 integration platform 329 intelligence of business 244 intelligent organizations 244 interdisciplinary forum 161 intermediaries 118 internal consistency 68 internal representation 64 intra-enterprise reconfiguration dynamics 16 Intranets 255 IS function 184 IS integration 174 ISO 9001 Quality Assurance standard 263 Index IT-enabled adaptation 33 IT implications 219 multi-criteria decision-making 338 multi-similarity measure 320 J N Japanese Nasal Spray (JNS) Project 195 Java Platform Enterprise Edition (J2EE) 329 JNS system measurement 196 native XML sources 285 nested ACE pattern 47 nesting 298 network of excellence 211 Network of Excellence (NoE) 226 new business requirements 211 not-XML data sources 284 novel business integration architectures 345 K KM trends 215 knowledge-based society 211, 219 knowledge-sharing culture 226 knowledge computing management 244 knowledge leadership 211 knowledge management (KM) 211 knowledge management in enterprises 265 knowledge management platform design 263 knowledge manager 249 knowledge resources 263 knowledge sharing 308 knowledge sharing culture 211 knowledge Web (KW) 253 knowledge work industries 59 KOMO Project 204 L limitations on ICT 167 M M&A Act 176 make work modeling 72 management 63 management content 211 management lessons 63 management perspective 174 management support 72 managing information systems integration 174, 182 manual data capture 75 mapping result description 308 mapping results 318 mergers and acquisitions (M&As) 174 methodological perspective 251 Mihajlo Pupin Institute (MPI) 263 O ontologies 263, 310 ontology concept 311 ontology mapping 308, 311 ontology mapping schemes 308 ontology mapping yechniques 308, 312 ontology repository 276 ontology representation languages 310 operations systems 33 operative integration 169 organizational diagnosis 249 organizational knowledge 228 organizational models 14 organizational structure 211 out-of-date models 73 P performance-related concepts 137, 150 platforms 332 practical Modeling Management 72 process integration 190 product life cycle ProjectsAnywhere 329, 339 proposed enterprise 76 R real-world modeling 71 recommended semiotics indicators 257 reconfigurability relational databases and XML 284 relational databases sources 282  Index research and development (R&D) 263 risk analysis 336 S SCOntology 137 semantic integration 308 semantic languages RDF/RDFS 277 semantic layer 263 semantic Web 308 semi-automatic mapping discovery 312 service level agreements 166 service oriented architecture (SOA) 329 SilkRoute 287 similarity measurement 319 similarity measures 308 single similarity measure 319 Six Sigma Methodology 189 Six Sigma Roadmap 193 social aspects of ICT 160 society of knowledge 244 soft computing techniques 316 software architectures 329, 338 software design and implementation 112 software platforms 329 state-of-the-art business intelligence technologies 268 state-of-the-art technologies 268 strategic layer 69 successful enterprise architecture 164 supply chain 137 supply chain management (SCM) 137 system architecture 344 system dynamics systemic knowledge matrix 251, 256 T technologies of administration 244 technology 211 text mining 276 The Core MPI Ontology 275 The MM Project 199 three-tier architecture 329 Trelleborg AB 182 Trelleborg Industrial Hose acquisition 174 Triage Pattern 46  V variable topology 66 variable views 66 VRL-KCiP 228 VRL-KCiP Network of Excellence (NoE) 226 W Web services 263 Web services approach 329 X X-Ray 286 XBD 288 XDS 296 XDSQuery 300 XDSSchema 298 XML 282 XML-enabled relational databases 285 XML data sources 284 XTABLES 287 ... intrA- And inter-orgAnizAtionAl levels This book addresses the development of adaptive strategies and technologies to enable business integration, covering both intra- and inter-organizational integration. .. Cataloging-in-Publication Data Adaptive technologies and business integration : social, managerial and organizational dimensions / Maria Manuela Cunha, Bruno Conceicao Cortes and Goran D Putnik, editors... provides inter-organizational aspects in business integration including managerial and organizational integration, social integration, and technology integration, along with the resources to