Tài liệu Ôn thi tuyển công chức tỉnh Tiền Giang năm 2014 môn Tiếng Anh ngạch cán sự và chuyên viên

Header Page of 161 UBND TỈNH TIỀN GIANG HỘI ĐỒNG TUYỂN DỤNG CÔNG CHỨC NĂM 2014 TÀI LIỆU ÔN THI TUYỂN CÔNG CHỨC TỈNH TIỀN GIANG NĂM 2014 Môn: TIẾNG ANH Ngạch Cán Chuyên viên Tiền Giang, tháng 10/ 2014 Footer Page of 161 Header Page of 161 Ôn tập ngữ pháp tiếng Anh Cấu trúc chung câu tiếng Anh: Một câu tiếng Anh thƣờng bao gồm thành phần sau đây: Ví dụ: SUBJECT VERB COMPLEMENT MODIFIER John and I ate a pizza last night We studied "present perfect" last week He runs I like very fast walking 1.1 Subject (chủ ngữ): Chủ ngữ chủ thể hành động câu, thƣờng đứng trƣớc động từ (verb) Chủ ngữ thƣờng danh từ (noun) ngữ danh từ (noun phrase - nhóm từ kết thúc danh từ, trƣờng hợp ngữ danh từ không đƣợc bắt đầu giới từ) Chủ ngữ thƣờng đứng đầu câu định việc chia động từ Chú ý câu tiếng Anh có chủ ngữ (Trong câu mệnh lệnh, chủ ngữ đƣợc ngầm hiểu ngƣời nghe Ví dụ: “Don't move!” = Đứng im!) Footer Page of 161 Header Page of 161 Milk is delicious (một danh từ) That new, red car is mine (một ngữ danh từ) Đôi câu chủ ngữ thật sự, trƣờng hợp đó, It There đóng vai trò chủ ngữ giả It is a nice day today There is a fire in that building There were many students in the room It is the fact that the earth goes around the sun 1.2 Verb (động từ): Động từ từ hành động trạng thái chủ ngữ Mọi câu phải có động từ Nó từ đơn ngữ động từ Ngữ động từ (verb phrase) nhóm từ gồm nhiều trợ động từ (auxiliary) động từ I love you (chỉ hành động) Chilli is hot (chỉ trạng thái) I have seen the movie three times before (auxiliary: have; main verb: seen) I am going to Sai Gon tomorrow (auxiliary: am; main verb: going) 1.3 Complement (vị ngữ): Vị ngữ từ cụm từ đối tƣợng tác động chủ ngữ Cũng giống nhƣ chủ ngữ, vị ngữ thƣờng danh từ ngữ danh từ không bắt đầu giới từ, nhiên vị ngữ thƣờng đứng sau động từ Không phải câu có complement Vị ngữ trả lời cho câu hỏi What? Whom? John bought a car yesterday (What did John buy?) Footer Page of 161 Header Page of 161 Jill wants to drink some water (What does he want to drink?) She saw John at the movie last night (Whom did she see at the movie?) 1.4 Modifier (trạng từ): Trạng từ từ cụm từ thời gian, địa điểm cách thức hành động Không phải câu có trạng từ Chúng thƣờng cụm giới từ (prepositional phrase), phó từ (adverb) cụm phó từ (adverbial phrase) Chúng trả lời câu hỏi When?, Where? How? Một cụm giới từ cụm từ bắt đầu giới từ kết thúc danh từ (VD: in the morning, on the table, ) Nếu có nhiều trạng từ câu trạng từ thời gian thƣờng sau John bought a book at the bookstore (Where did John buy a book?) She saw John at the movie last night (Where did she see John? When did she see him?) She drives very fast (How does she drive?) Chú ý trạng từ thƣờng sau vị ngữ nhƣng không thiết Tuy nhiên trạng từ cụm giới từ không đƣợc nằm động từ vị ngữ She drove on the street her new car (Sai) She drove her new car on the street (Đúng) Noun phrase (ngữ danh từ) 2.1 Danh từ đếm không đếm (Count noun/ Non-count noun): · Danh từ đếm được: Là danh từ dùng đƣợc với số đếm, có hình thái số số nhiều Nó dùng đƣợc với a hay với the VD: one book, two books… Footer Page of 161 Header Page of 161 · Danh từ không đếm được: Không dùng đƣợc với số đếm, hình thái số ít, số nhiều Nó dùng đƣợc với a, the số trƣờng hợp đặc biệt VD: milk (sữa) Bạn nói "one milk", "two milks" (Một số vật chất không đếm đƣợc đƣợc chứa bình đựng, bao bì đếm đƣợc VD: one glass of milk - cốc sữa) · Một số danh từ đếm đƣợc có hình thái số nhiều đặc biệt VD: person - people; child - children; tooth – teeth; foot – feet; mouse – mice · Một số danh từ đếm đƣợc có dạng số ít/ số nhiều nhƣ phân biệt có "a" "a": an aircraft/ aircraft; a sheep/ sheep; a fish/ fish · Một số danh từ không đếm đƣợc nhƣ food, meat, money, sand, water đƣợc dùng nhƣ danh từ số nhiều để dạng, loại khác vật liệu This is one of the foods that my doctor wants me to eat · Danh từ "time" dùng với nghĩa "thời gian" không đếm đƣợc nhƣng dùng với nghĩa "thời đại" hay "số lần" danh từ đếm đƣợc You have spent too much time on that homework (thời gian, không đếm đƣợc) I have seen that movie three times before (số lần, đếm đƣợc) Bảng sau định ngữ dùng với danh từ đếm không đếm WITH COUNTABLE NOUN WITH UNCOUNTABLE NOUN a(n), the, some, any the, some, any this, that, these, those this, that Footer Page of 161 Header Page of 161 none, one, two, three, None much (thƣờng dùng câu phủ định, many câu hỏi) a lot of a [large / great] number of (a) few a lot of a large amount of (a) little fewer than less than more than more than Một số từ không đếm nên biết: sand money food news meat measles (bệnh sởi) water soap information air mumps (bệnh quai bị) economics physics mathematics politics homework Note: advertising danh từ không đếm đƣợc nhƣng advertisement danh từ đếm đƣợc, quảng cáo cụ thể There are too many advertisements during TV shows 2.2 Cách dùng quán từ không xác định "a" "an" Dùng a an trƣớc danh từ số đếm đƣợc Chúng có nghĩa Chúng đƣợc dùng câu có tính khái quát đề cập đến chủ thể chƣa đƣợc đề cập từ trƣớc A ball is round (nghĩa chung, khái quát, tất bóng) Footer Page of 161 Header Page of 161 I saw a boy in the street (chúng ta cậu bé nào, chƣa đƣợc đề cập trƣớc đó) 2.2.1 Dùng “an” với: Quán từ an đƣợc dùng trƣớc từ bắt đầu nguyên âm (trong cách phát âm, cách viết) Bao gồm: · Các từ bắt đầu nguyên âm a, e, i, o: an aircraft, an empty glass, an object · Một số từ bắt đầu u, y: an uncle, an umbrella · Một số từ bắt đầu h câm: an heir, haft an hour · Các từ mở đầu chữ viết tắt: an S.O.S/ an M.P 2.2.2 Dùng “a” với: Dùng a trƣớc từ bắt đầu phụ âm Chúng bao gồm chữ lại số trƣờng hợp bắt đầu u, y, h VD: a house, a university, a home party, a heavy load, a uniform, a union, a year income, · Đứng trƣớc danh từ mở đầu "uni " phải dùng "a" (a university/ a uniform/ universal/ union) (Europe, eulogy (lời ca ngợi), euphemism (lối nói trại), eucalyptus (cây khuynh diệp) · Dùng thành ngữ số lƣợng định nhƣ: a lot of/a great deal of/a couple/a dozen · Dùng trƣớc số đếm định thƣờng hàng ngàn, hàng trăm nhƣ a/one hundred - a/one thousand · Dùng trƣớc "half" (một nửa) theo sau đơn vị nguyên vẹn: a kilo and a half, hay ghép với danh từ khác để nửa phần (khi viết có dấu gạch nối): a half - share, a half - holiday (ngày lễ nghỉ nửa ngày) · Dùng với đơn vị phân số nhƣ 1/3 a/one third - 1/5 a /one fifth Footer Page of 161 Header Page of 161 · Dùng thành ngữ giá cả, tốc độ, tỉ lệ: $5 a kilo, 60 kilometers an hour, times a day 2.3 Cách dùng quán từ xác định "The" Dùng the trƣớc danh từ đƣợc xác định cụ thể mặt tính chất, đặc điểm, vị trí đƣợc đề cập đến trƣớc đó, khái niệm phổ thông, biết The boy in the corner is my friend (Cả ngƣời nói ngƣời nghe biết cậu bé nào) The earth is round (Chỉ có trái đất, biết) Với danh từ không đếm đƣợc, dùng the nói đến vật cụ thể, không dùng the nói chung Sugar is sweet (Chỉ loại đƣờng nói chung) The sugar on the table is from Cuba (Cụ thể đƣờng bàn) Với danh từ đếm đƣợc số nhiều, chúng có nghĩa đại diện chung cho lớp vật loại không dùng the Oranges are green until they ripen (Cam nói chung) Athletes should follow a well-balanced diet (Vận động viên nói chung) 2.3.1 Sau số trường hợp thông dụng dùng The theo quy tắc trên: · The + danh từ + giới từ + danh từ: The girl in blue, the Gulf of Mexico · Dùng trƣớc tính từ so sánh bậc only: The only way, the best day · Dùng cho khoảng thời gian xác định (thập niên): In the 1990s Footer Page of 161 Header Page of 161 · The + danh từ + đại từ quan hệ + mệnh đề phụ: The man to whom you have just spoken is the chairman · The + danh từ số tƣợng trƣng cho nhóm thú vật đồ vật: The whale = whales (loài cá voi), the deep-freeze (thức ăn đông lạnh) · Đối với man mang nghĩa "loài ngƣời" tuyệt đối không đƣợc dùng the: Since man lived on the earth (kể từ loài ngƣời sinh sống trái đất này) · Dùng trƣớc danh từ số để nhóm, hạng ngƣời định xã hội: The small shopkeeper: Giới chủ tiệm nhỏ/ The top offcial: Giới quan chức cao cấp · The + adj: Tƣợng trƣng cho nhóm ngƣời, chúng không đƣợc phép số nhiều nhƣng đƣợc xem danh từ số nhiều Do động từ đại từ với chúng phải thứ số nhiều: The old = The old people; The old are often very hard in their moving · The + tên gọi đội hợp xƣớng/ dàn nhạc cổ điển/ ban nhạc phổ thông: The Back Choir/ The Philharmonique Philadelphia Orchestra/ The Beatles · The + tên gọi tờ báo (không tạp chí)/ tàu biển/ khinh khí cầu: The Times/ The Titanic/ The Hindenberg · The + họ gia đình số nhiều = gia đình nhà: The Smiths = Mr/ Mrs Smith and children · Thông thƣờng không dùng the trƣớc tên riêng trừ trƣờng hợp có nhiều ngƣời vật tên ngƣời nói muốn ám ngƣời cụ thể số đó: There are three Sunsan Parkers in the telephone directory The Sunsan Parker that I know lives on the First Avenue · Tƣơng tự, không dùng "the" trƣớc bữa ăn: breakfast, lunch, dinner: We ate breakfast at am this morning Trừ muốn ám bữa ăn cụ thể: The dinner that you invited me last week were delecious · Không dùng "the" trƣớc số danh từ nhƣ home, bed, church, court, jail, prison, hospital, school, class, college, university v.v với động từ giới từ Footer Page of 161 Header Page 10 of 161 chuyển động đến mục đích khỏi mục đích chính: Students go to school everyday The patient was released from hospital Nhƣng đến khỏi không mục đích dùng "the" Students go to the school for a class party The doctor left the hospital for lunch 2.3.2 Bảng sử dụng "the" không sử dụng "the" số trường hợp điển hình Có "The" Không "The" + Dùng trƣớc tên đại dƣơng, sông + Trƣớc tên hồ ngòi, biển, vịnh cụm hồ (số nhiều) Lake Geneva The Red Sea, the Atlantic Ocean, the Persian Gufl, the Great Lakes + Trƣớc tên dãy núi: The Rocky Mountains + Trƣớc tên vật thể vũ trụ giới: The earth, the moon + Trƣớc tên núi Mount Vesuvius + Trƣớc tên hành tinh chòm Venus, Mars + The schools, colleges, universities + of + danh từ riêng The University of Florida + The + số thứ tự + danh từ Footer Page 10 of 161 + Trƣớc tên trƣờng trƣớc tên riêng Stetson University 10 Header Page 227 of 161 A what B which C where D whom a showed B rose C raised D grew A Other B Different C Another D That A travelers B passengers C customers D pedestrians A hand B force C power D body A medicine B drug C vitamins D fertilizer 10 A animals B plants C insects D diseases Test The shark is a meat-eating fish and one of the most feared animals of the sea Scientists (1) _about 250 species of fish as sharks These fish live in oceans (2) _the world, but they are most common in warm seas Sharks (3) _ greatly in size and habits Whale sharks, the largest kind of shark, may grow 60 feet long A whale shark weighs up to 15 short tons, more than twice (4) _much as an African elephant The smallest sharks may (5) _only inches long and weigh less than ounce Some kinds of sharks live in the depths of the ocean, but (6) _are found near the surface Some species live in coastal waters, but others (7) _far out at sea A few species can even live in (8) _water All sharks are carnivores (meat-eaters) Most of them eat (9) _fish, including other sharks, A shark's only natural enemy is a larger shark Sharks eat their prey whole, or they tear off large chunks of flesh They also (10) _on dead or dying animals A classify B divide C organize D arrange A all B through C throughout D over Footer Page 227 of 161 227 Header Page 228 of 161 A grow B rise C evolve D vary A as B so C very D exactly b A stretch B measure C.develop D expand A some others B others C different kinds D somesharks A dwell B exist C emigrate D migrate A fresh B sweet C light D clear A uncooked B live C lively D alive B swallow C exist D feed 10 A eat Test For many people, traveling by plane is an exciting experience Others, however, find the whole idea quite terrifying, (1) _flying is no more dangerous (2) _any other form of travel end some experts say it is considerably safer It is known, however, that most accidents occur (3) _take-off and landing when a (4) _decisions are vitally important The people (5) _ job it is to lock (6) _the passengers – the stewards and stewardesses - play an important part in helping passengers to (7) _safe and comfortable Indeed for many passengers being (8) _such care of is all part of the total experience (9) _other form of travel involves waiting on people in quite the same (10) _ with food, drink, newspapers, magazines, music and even video films A although B too C and D because A than B as C then D with A while B during C for D through A leader's B chief's C driver's D pilot's A whose B which C their D that A for B up C after D round A feel B rest C experience D lie A given B kept C shown D taken A Any B No C All D Not B kind C sort D part 10 A way Footer Page 228 of 161 228 Header Page 229 of 161 Test Television is one of man's most important (1) _of communication It brings (2) _and sounds from around the world into millions of homes A person with a television set can sit in his house and watch the President (3) _a speech or visit a foreign country He can see a war being fought and watch statesmen try to (4) _peace (5) _television, home viewers can see and learn about people, places, and things in faraway lands TV even takes its viewers out of this world It brings them (6) _of America's astronauts as the astronauts explore outer space (7) _all these things, television brings its viewers a steady stream of programs that are (8) _to entertain In fact, TV provides many more (9) _programs than any other kind The programs include action-packed dramas, light comedies, sporting (10) _, and motion pictures A procedure B means C manner D technology A pictures B images C visages D portraits A compose B type C computerize D make A bring about B make out C bring round D move around A In B Because of C At D Through A covering B views C coverage D looks A In addition to B As to C Beside D By A designed B patterned C monitored D built up A excitement B distraction C fun D.entertainment B events C occurrences 10 A happenings D meetings Test 10 Three people jumped (1) _a car on a busy Oxford road after a fire started under the bonnet this morning They were just able to rescue their possessions before the car burst into (2) _ Mr Peter Collins, 25, of Wey Road, Berinsfield (3) _his Avenger estate car home (4) _work with two friends when he noticed smoke coming into the car He stopped, (5) _was unable to open the bonnet He poured a Footer Page 229 of 161 229 Header Page 230 of 161 bottle of water over the radiator where the smoke was coming from, but could not put out the flames He then (6) _to get fire extinguishers from a nearby (7) _but (8) _also failed to have any effect (9) _ he telephoned for a (10) _, but by the time it arrived, the car was totally burnt out A into B on C out of D over A flames B petrol C smoke D sparks A drove B has driven C was driving D was driven A to B from C at D in A but B because C although D so A wandered B jumped C walked D ran A hospital B garage C library D.swimming pool A this B those C that D these A at length B finally C at the end D terminally B ambulance C taxi D fire engine 10 A police car Part B: Read the passages carefully and then choose the best answer A, B, C, or D Test When the typewriter was first invented, its keys were arranged alphabetically This made the keys easy to find However, this arrangement also caused the bars of the machine to jam, or get stuck To solve this problem, a new letter arrangement was introduce by Chirstopher Latham Scholes in 1892 His system, the standard keyboard system, is still used on keyboards today He arranged the letters in such a way that the bars hit the inked ribbon from opposite directions as much as possible This resulted in far less jamming than had occurred with the alphabetical models The main topic of this passage is a the invention of the typewriter b a problem and solution concerning the early typewriter c how to write a letter on the typewriter Footer Page 230 of 161 230 Header Page 231 of 161 d why the keys stick on today‟s typewriter According to the passage, on the first typewriters a the keys were in alphabetical order b the keys were hard to find c the bars on the machine never jammed d Scholes‟s system worked quite well Which of the following is NOT true about the system invented by Scholes? a It was introduced in 1872 b It is still used today c It became the standard system d It was alphabetical The passage indicates that, under Scholes‟s system, the bars hit the ribbon a in alphabetical order b from opposite directions c and caused the keys to jam d in the same way as they had on the original typewriter Test In 1920, after some thirty-nine years of problems with disease, high costs, and politics, the Panama Canal was officially opened, finally linking the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans by allowing ships to pass through the fifty-mile canal zone instead of traveling some seven thousand miles around Cape Horn It takes a ship approximately eight hours to complete the trip through the canal and costs an average of $15,000, one-tenth of what it would cost an average ship to round the Horn More than 15,000 ships pass through its locks each year The French initiated the project but sold their rights to the U.S The latter will control it until the end of the 20th century when Panama takes over its duties Who currently controls the Panama Canal? a France b Panama c The U.S.A d The Canal Zone Footer Page 231 of 161 231 Header Page 232 of 161 In approximately what year will a different government take control of the Panama Canal? a 2100 b 2000 c 2999 d 3000 On the average, how much would it cost a ship to travel around Cape Horn? a $1,555 b $150,000 c $15,000 d $1,500,000 In what year was the construction probably begun on the canal? a 1881 c 1939 c 1920 d 1999 What can be inferred from this reading? a This is costly project which should be reevaluated b Despite all the problems involved, the project is beneficial c Many captains prefer to sail around Cape Horn because it is less expensive d Due to all the problems, three governments have had to control the canal over the years Test During the teenage years, many young people can at times be difficult to talk to They often seem to dislike being questioned They may seem unwilling to talk about their work in school This is a normal development of this age, though it can be very hard for parents to understand It is part of becoming independent of teenagers trying to be adult while they are still growing up Young people are usually more willing to talk if they believe that questions are asked out of real interest and not because people are trying to check up on them Parents should their best to talk to their sons or daughters about school work and future plant but should not push them to talk if they don‟t want to Parents should also watch for the danger signs; some young people in trying to be adult may experiment with sex, drugs, alcohol or smoking Parents need to watch for any signs of unusual behavior which may be connected with these and get help if necessary This passage is taken from a Footer Page 232 of 161 232 Header Page 233 of 161 a handbook for parents b school timetable c teenage magazine d book for children Why adults sometimes find teenagers difficult to talk to? a because most teenagers are quiet b because teenagers don‟t want to talk to other people c because teenagers think adults are not honest d because most teenagers hate adults When can you expect young people to be more talkative than usual? a when people talk to them because they are really interested and not just checking on them b when adults give them a lot of money to spend c when adults talk to them about something other than their work in school d when adults talk to them about sex, alcohol and drugs Some teenagers experiment with drinking and smoking because a cigarettes and alcohol are available everywhere b cigarettes and alcohol are cheap c women like smoking and drinking men d they regard them as a mark of adulthood The word behavior in the passage most nearly means a feeling b manners c activities d reaction Test Take two tablets with water, followed by one tablet every eight hours, as required For maximum nighttime and early morning relief, take two tablets at bedtime Do not exceed six tablets in twenty-four hours For children six to twelve years old, give half the adult dosage For children under six years old, consult your physician Reduce dosage if nervousness, restlessness or sleeplessness occurs Footer Page 233 of 161 233 Header Page 234 of 161 The label on this medicine bottle clearly warns not to take more than a twenty-four tablets a day c six tablets a day b eight tablets a day d three tablets a day We can infer by this label that a the medicine could cause some people to feel nervous b children may take the same dosage that adults take c one may not take this medicine before going to bed d the medicine is a liquid If one cannot sleep, it is suggested that he a take two tablets before going to bed b stop taking the medicine c take less than two tablets before going to bed d consult a doctor Evidently the medicine a may be dangerous for small children b may be taken by children but not by adults c can‟t be taken by children under 12 d may be taken by adults but not by children Test After inventing dynamite, Swedish-born Alfred Nobel became a very rich man However, he foresaw its universally destructive power too late Nobel preferred not to be remembered as the inventor of dynamite, so in 1895, just two weeks before his death, he created a fund to be used for awarding prizes to people who had made worthwhile contributions to man kind Originally there were five awards: literature, physics, chemistry, medicine and peace Economics was added in 1968, just sixty-seven years after his first award ceremony Nobel‟s original legacy of nine million dollars was invested, and the interest on this sum is used for the awards which vary from 30,000 dollars to 125,000 dollars Every year on Footer Page 234 of 161 234 Header Page 235 of 161 December 10, the anniversary of Nobel‟s death, the awards (gold medal, illuminated diploma and money) are presented to the winners Sometimes politics plays an important role in the judges‟ decisions Americans have won numerous science awards, but relatively few literature prizes No awards were presented from 1940 to 1942 at the beginning of World War II Some people have won two prizes, but this is rare; others have shared their prizes When did the first award ceremony take place? a 1895 b 1901 c 1962 d 1968 Why was the Nobel prize established? a to recognize worthwhile contributions to humanity b to resolve political differences c to honor the inventor of dynamite d to spend money In which field have Americans received the most awards? a literature b peace c economics d science In how many fields are prizes given? a b c d 10 Which of the following statements is not true? a Awards vary in monetary value b Ceremonies are held on December 10 to commemorate Nobel‟s invention c Politics can play an important role in selecting the winners d A few individuals have won two awards Test The early expansion of the sugar industry was based on cane transported from two different parts of the Orient, first from India and second from the islands of the Southwest Pacific From India, sugar cane was carried through the western regions of Asia into Arabia and later into the countries bordering on the Mediterranean It was established in Footer Page 235 of 161 235 Header Page 236 of 161 Sicily in about A.D 703 and was carried to Spain in about A.D.755 As early as A.D 1150, Spain had at least 75,000 acres of cane During this early period sugar cane was grown largely to supply local wants The Crusades were partly responsible for further expansion and improvement of the sugar industry and for interesting Europeans in the use of sugar From this passage, sugar cane was first grown in a Europe b the Orient c Arabia b A.D 755 c A.D 1150 d Sicily Sugar cane was first introduced into Spain in a A.D 703 d A.D 1419 In the twelfth century, most cane was grown a for exportation b for industrial uses c for sale in the large market cities d for local use One thing that caused the sugar industry to expand in Europe was a the favorable climate in the Orient b the Crusades c better means of transportation d that came from the different parts of the Orient Cane was transported a from the island of Southwest Pacific, to India, to Asia and then to Spain b from the island of Southwest Pacific, to the western areas of Asia and then to the countries bordering the Mediterranean c from India to the Southwest Pacific, to Asia, into Arabia and then to the countries bordering the Mediterranean d from India, to Asia, into Arabia and then to the countries on the border of the Mediterranean Test Footer Page 236 of 161 236 Header Page 237 of 161 Different types of relationships exist between living things One type of relationship is parasitism, in which one partner benefits while the other loses A very different type of relationship is symbiosis, in which both partners benefit An example of a parasitic relationship exists between the stone crab and sacculina, a type of barnacle The sacculina attaches itself to the stone crab It then eats into the crab, and the stone crab becomes disabled An example of a symbiotic relationship exists between the hermit crab and the calliactis anemone The anemone attaches itself to the crab, but it is not a parasite because it does not harm the crab; it feeds on food that is dropped by the crab The anemone even helps the crab by protecting the crab from other predators with its tentacles The subject of this passage is a two different kinds of relationships between living things b parasitic relationships c relationships that are mutually beneficial to living things d symbiossis Which of the following is NOT true about parasitic relationships? a There are two partners in a parasistic relationship b One partner in a parasitic relationship hurts the other c The stone crab can be part of a parasitic relationship d A parasitic relationship is usually symbiotic According to the passage, what does sacculina eat? a The stone crab b Barnacles c Food dropped by the crab d Other parasities The calliactis anemone a is a parasite b harms the hermit crab c eats into the hermit crab d assists the hermit crab Footer Page 237 of 161 237 Header Page 238 of 161 Which of the following can be inferred from the passage? a All crabs are involved in parasitic relationships b All crabs are involved in symbiotic relationships c Some crabs are involved in symbiotic relationships, while others are not d Crabs are involved in neither parasitic nor symbiotic relationships Test The three phases of the human memory are the sensory memory, the short-term memory, and the long- term memory This division of the memory into phases is based on the time span of the memory Sensory memory is instantaneous memory It is an image of memory that enters your mind fleetingly It comes and goes under a second The memory will not last longer than one second unless the information enters the short-term memory Information can be held in the short-term memory for about twenty seconds or as long as you are actively using it If you repeat a fact to yourself, that fact will stay in your shortterm memory as long as you keep repeating it Once you stop repeating it, either it is forgotten or it moves into long- term memory Long- term memory is the almost limitless memory store that can hold ideas and images for years and years Information can be added to your long- term memory when you actively try to put it there through memorization or when an idea or image enters your mind on its own The three phases of memory discussed in this passage are different according to: a Location in the brain b The period of time it takes to remember something c How the senses are involved in the memory d How long the memory last According to the passage, which type of memory is the shortest? a Sensory memory c Active memory b Short-term memory d Long-term memory Footer Page 238 of 161 238 Header Page 239 of 161 The word “fleetingly” is closest meaning to which of the following? a Easily c Temporarily b Slowly d Fundamentally According to this passage, when will information stay in your short-term memory? a For as long as twenty minutes b As long as it is being used c After you have repeated it three times d When it moves into long-term memory According to the passage, what is the capacity of long-term memory? a Limited c Equal to the capacity of short-term memory b Infinite d Very large Test Five bodies of water make up the chain of lakes called the Great Lakes Each of these five lakes is among the fifteen largest lakes in the world The largest of these lakes is Lake Superior, followed by Huron, Michigan, Erie, and Ontario Lake Michigan is located entirely within the United States, but the other four lakes form a part of the boundary running between the United States and Canada These freshwater lakes form a waterway more than 1,000 miles long, which is as busy as, if not busier than, any other waterway in the world Canals have been dug to make the lakes a better waterway These canals permit large, ocean-going vessels loaded with grain, iron ore, and coal to reach the lakes Which statement is true of the Great Lakes? a All of the lakes are located within the United States b The lakes have salty water Footer Page 239 of 161 239 Header Page 240 of 161 c Many ships sail the lakes d Lake Superior is the fifteenth largest lake in the world Which of the following is not a name of one of the Great Lakes? a Erie c Huron b Michigan d Canada The canals were dug for what purpose? a To improve the lakes as a waterway b To form a boundary between the United States and Canada c To make all of the lakes among the fifteen largest lakes in the world d To keep fresh water in the lakes running Which of the five Great Lakes is the largest? a Huron b Ontario c Superior b form c cause d Erie “make up” most nearly means a develop d decorate Test 10 Forty-five people were made homeless in a fire that destroyed a row of shop-houses in Randford Road yesterday The damage was estimated at $ 150,000 Police said nobody was injured during the fire with lasted two and a half hours Three shops and a house were destroyed by the fire The fire starts at about 11.50 a.m at the back of the bakery shop Within fifteen minutes the shops on either side of the bakery were on fire as well as a house at the back of the row of shops Three fire engines rushed to the fire and huge crowded soon arrived to watch Mr Jacob Isaacs, 29, said, “I left home at 10 a.m and when I returned I was shocked to see my house on fire.” Another victim of the fire, Miss Elaine Farrel, 49, said, “I went for a cup of tea and returned to see my house on fire The fire was too strong and we could not save anything All we could was to stand and watch.” What happened in Randford road yesterday? Forty-five people destroyed the shop-houses Footer Page 240 of 161 240 Header Page 241 of 161 Forty-five people made a fire There was a fire there Forty-five people fired at the shop-houses How were the people affected in the accident? a A lot of them were injured b The fire destroyed $ 150,000 worth of property c Almost all the shop-houses were destroyed d The damage was slight Where did the fire start? a at about 11.50 a.m b at the kitchen of a bakery shop c at the back of the rows of shops d at the back of a bakery The word “fire-engines” in the text means a vehicles which were rescued from the fire b special vehicles carrying equipment for fighting fires c vehicles which were damaged in the fire d special vehicles for saving the victims of the fire What did Miss Farrel on finding her house was on fire? a She went out for a cup of tea b She was shocked to see her house on fire c She tried to fight the fire d She simply stood watching helplessly THE END Footer Page 241 of 161 241 ...Header Page of 161 Ôn tập ngữ pháp tiếng Anh Cấu trúc chung câu tiếng Anh: Một câu tiếng Anh thƣờng bao gồm thành phần sau đây: Ví dụ: SUBJECT VERB COMPLEMENT... thƣờng danh từ (noun) ngữ danh từ (noun phrase - nhóm từ kết thúc danh từ, trƣờng hợp ngữ danh từ không đƣợc bắt đầu giới từ) Chủ ngữ thƣờng đứng đầu câu định việc chia động từ Chú ý câu tiếng Anh. .. Dùng với danh từ đếm  Dùng với danh từ không đếm an + other + danh từ đếm số = nữa, khác, ngƣời nữa, ngƣời khác (= one more) another pencil = one more pencil  Không dùng the other + danh từ đếm