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GRADUATION THESIS ROAD AND HIGHWAY SECTION PREFACE In the career of building and protecting country, Communication and Transport are essential contributing important roles Along with country's continuous development in the past years, field of capital construction generally and civil engineering construction in particular have invested by Government and Party and having deservedly proud achievements In the next years, in order to implement the career of modernization and industrialization, Communication and Transport must precede a step, serve purposes of socio-economic development In the recent years, the government is investing much in Transportation and Communication; advanced constructing technologies are applied in Vietnam To apply in fact, civil engineers’ level must be better and better To satisfy demands of development, The University Transport and Communication is opening scope and raising quality of training After learning and gathering knowledge in the University Transports and Communications, now I am designing a graduation thesis about the road and highway I am guided directly by Doctor Do Quoc Cuong and other lectures in the Road and Highway section, Civil engineering department of the Hanoi university of transports and communications I thank the lectures of the subject, especially , my guide lecturer Doctor Do Quoc Cuong, my revise lecturer I have tried to my thesis best with my knowledge, but it is not very good because of time and some other reasons I hope advices, remarks and suggestions of teachers and all of you Thank to you sincerely! Ha Noi, May-2012 Student Nguyen Anh Dung Nguyen Anh Dung Page 48th English Road and Bridge GRADUATION THESIS ROAD AND HIGHWAY SECTION THE REMARK OF GUIDE LECTURER …………………………………… Dr Do Quoc Cuong Nguyen Anh Dung Page 48th English Road and Bridge GRADUATION THESIS ROAD AND HIGHWAY SECTION THE REMARK OF REVISE LECTURER …………………………………… Dr Do Vuong Vinh Nguyen Anh Dung Page 48th English Road and Bridge GRADUATION THESIS ROAD AND HIGHWAY SECTION PART I PRELIMINARY DESIGN Nguyen Anh Dung Page 48th English Road and Bridge GRADUATION THESIS ROAD AND HIGHWAY SECTION CONSTRUCTION INVESTMENT PROJECT HIGHWAY ROUTE A - B CONTRUCTION PROJECT OPTIONSTATION : KM0+00 TO KM6+875 BUON TRI AS DISTRICT, DAK LAK PROVINCE Nguyen Anh Dung Page 48th English Road and Bridge GRADUATION THESIS ROAD AND HIGHWAY SECTION CHAPTER INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT Project name: Highway investment project Location: Alignment A-B is located in Buon tri As district, Dak Lak province Project manager: Ministry of transport Consultant organization: The University of Transports and Communications Designer: Nguyen Anh Dung English Roads and Bridges Class 48th University of Transports and Communications 1.2 OUT LINE OF THE PROJECT 1.2.1Objectives of the Project The main objectives of the Project implementation can be summarized as follows: The new road is strategically located at Dak Lak province to contribute to the economic and social development of the Central Highland region in Vietnam Concerns and improvement for the traffic safety, job opportunity and living level of the local residents in the project area is an important factor in the sense to share the profits of project 1.2.2 The base to carry out the project Base on Dak Lak Highway investment and construction policy Base on traffic volume investigation and forecast data The annual vehicles’ development coefficient is 5% The design traffic volume is: 3733 (vehicle/day) Nguyen Anh Dung Page 48th English Road and Bridge GRADUATION THESIS Axle load Transport means 1.Cars Pi (kN) Front Rear ROAD AND HIGHWAY SECTION Number of Rear axle - - 18 56 - Medium 25.8 69.6 -Heavy 48.2 100 -Heavy 45.4 23.1 90 73.2 56 95.8 Wheels Configuration in each part of Rear Axle Distance of the Rear axle (m) Traffic volume ni (veh/day) 471 2.Trucks - Small - Heavy 3.Buses 970 Dual 673 Dual 207 Dual Dual 3 154 Dual 1057 Table 1-1: Forecast traffic volume 1.3 DOCUMENTS USED FOR DESIGNING No T29 T32 Name of Standards Survey Topography drawing and measuring standard Land survey in construction – general specification Standard Ref No G09 G13 G27 2004 Geotechnical Boring Investigation Standard 22TCN259-2000 Geological survey for waterway work standard 22TCN260-2000 Procedure for static penetration testing (CPT and 22TCN320-2004 R16 R28 CPTU) Road Design Specifications for road design TCVN4054-2005 Rural road design standard (used for frontage road and 22TCN210-92 P18 P38 collector road) Pavement Vietnam Pavement standard of flexible structures 22TCN211-06 Flexible pavement design (to collate with standard 22TCN274-01 96TCN43-90 TCXDVN309- 22TCN211-93) Nguyen Anh Dung Page 48th English Road and Bridge GRADUATION THESIS ROAD AND HIGHWAY SECTION No P33 Name of Standards Standard Ref No Standard for solid bitumen material – technical 22TCN279-01 P26 specification and testing method Technical specification and testing method for 22TCN319-04 W12 W11 W37 T L polymer bitumen material Water Treatment Technical classification for domestic inland waterway Flood flow calculation Design external drainage system of the structure Safety Roadway traffic signal regulations Lighting Lighting Standard TCVN5664-92 22TCN220-95 22TCN51-84 22TCN237-01 20TCN 95-83 1.4 STUDY SCOPE The study scope has limited in direction route, it bases on the long-term transport programming of the area in the future Nguyen Anh Dung Page 48th English Road and Bridge GRADUATION THESIS ROAD AND HIGHWAY SECTION CHAPTER PROJECT AREA IN DAK LAK PROVINCE 2.1 INTRODUCTION AND GEOGRAPHICAL CONDITIONS Area: 13.085 km² Population: 1.759.136 Provincial capital: Buon Ma Thuat City Economic potentialities: mineral, forestry, and tourism The highland tropical monsoon climate which brings annual average temperature of 23-24 deg A is distributed into two separate seasons: rainy season from May to October, and dry season from November to April Dak Lak is located at Central Highland, having the main roads connecting with many cities and provinces, such as: National Highway number 14 linking Da Nang Gia Lai, Ban Me Thuot, and Dak Nong, Binh Phuoc , Binh Duong and Ho Chi Minh City, National Highway number 26 connecting Buon Ma Thuot with Nha Trang City and some other routes connecting the North East region with Cambodia Nguyen Anh Dung Page 48th English Road and Bridge GRADUATION THESIS ROAD AND HIGHWAY SECTION Some ethnic groups live in this area, including the Kinh, E de, and M’Nong Famous sites include many water-falls like: Krong Kmar, Dray Sap, Dray Nu, Thuy Tien, and a view of the Lak lake 2.2 GEOGRAPHICAL CONDITIONS Dak Lak is a large province of Central Vietnam It has borders with Gia Lai province in the north, Lam Dong province in the south, Phu Yen province in the east And it also border Cambodia in the west, with the boundary of 193km in length Dak Lak is comprised of three categories of mountain, plain and highland terrains Being the dwelling place of many long-standing ethnic minorities, Dak Lak is proud of the Cong Chieng culture The greatest part of Dak Lak is located at northeast side of the Truong Son mountain The highland terrain is at the middle of Dak Lak The remained part of this province includes plains at south and north of Buon Ma Thuat city Dak Lak links with Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh cities by road and railway Dak Lak has a great area of basalt soil which is adequate to plant long-term industrial crops like: rubber, pepper, coffee, and fruiters The project is located in Dak Lak province so that the Project Area has got geotechnical characteristics of Dak Lak province 2.3 TOPOGRAPHICAL CHARACTERISTICS Topography of the project area is relatively asperity However, there are some plains in the project area The elevation of this area ranges from 400m to 530m Basing on the results of topographical surveys, test drilling, field testing and laboratory tests on the collected samples, the stratification of the area was divided into layer as following: Organic soil was found on the ground surface The thickness of this layer ranges from 0.2m to 0.3m Eluvial clay soil: this layer distributes along alignment The thickness of this layer ranges from 3m to 6m Weathered rock: the color of this layer is yellowish brown, reddish brown The thickness ranges from 4m to 6m Bed rock: the most popular bed rock in this area is basalt rock Nguyen Anh Dung Page 10 48th English Road and Bridge GRADUATION THESIS ROAD AND HIGHWAY SECTION -Width: ± 10 cm permission error -Slope horizontal error: ± 5% permitted -High level of error ± mm with layers of letting on the nails -Degrees flat check by the largest length m slot size no larger than mm 3.4.Construction asphalt layer (h=7cm ,b =8m ) Based on the capacity of the existing equipment of the units and the productivity of batching 80T\/h., volume production of Q= 40*8*0,8=256T/shift The class consists of two types: asphalt layer mediated cm; fine-grained cm; When batching operations at full capacity, ca length road construction work completed is Lo every day according to the method of execution a asphalt Due to the massive Central nuclei AST should decide the speed chains + Medium grain AC: Q=1,05*2,32*0.07*8*L0 =256 SO: L0=188m We have L0=188m chose speed of asphalt is l=200/2=100m/shift Because the speed of construction of large chain AST should layout construction, the line will execute the following lines on the ASC in front of a fairly long period of time About that time called the time spacing and is calculated as follows: L L 6874.72 6874.72 − ∆t= V − V + = =20(days) 80 100 With : L: length of the entire route V1,V2: speed of convey Coordinating the job to execute -To ensure the rhythmic activity of batching, transport the mixture off the scene, broken equipment and means of lu lèn -Ensure asphalt concrete mixing station capacity equivalent to the productivity of your sprayed -Only construction asphalt concrete road surface in those days no rain, dry, air temperature not less than 50C Nguyen Anh Dung Page 135 48th English Road and Bridge GRADUATION THESIS ROAD AND HIGHWAY SECTION Execution sequence -Prepare the class foundations; -Transporting materials; -Spread of bureaucracy; Mature tight protection of Roller requirement 3.4.1 Preparing the class Foundation Before laying asphalt concrete, you need to dry clean and flat layers of nail and handle the slope across exactly as designed -Using employees clean up the dust bin of class CPĐD -Plastic stick sticking plastic Irrigation with 0.5 kg\/m2 Used plastic fluid has an average freeze and viscosity 70\/130 Watering plastic by workers, laying planks stereotypes constructing classes BTN along the trail scattered, ensuring correct size spreading, sprinkling, streaks roller can work well, true progress To locate the correct altitude sprayed two design margin Using the high altitude test fixtures 3.4.2 Transport of asphalt concrete mixture Volume of concrete thickness cm plastic beads with lèn coefficients K1 = 1.3 Q = * 100 * 0.07 *2.32 =129.92T So mass Chinese grain asphalt concrete material should be delivered in an execution is calculated as: (number systems fell leaving k2 = 1.05) Q = 129.92 * 1.05 = 136.42 (T) Mixed BTN was built at this place batching, mixing station km away and the railway was transported to the school by car HuynĐai 12T The volume of material needed to transport an execution: Qvc = Q = 136.42 (T) The car's transport capacity was calculated according to the formula HuynĐai 12m3: N = nht P Of which: P: Weight material that was taken from the vehicles carrying the actual P = 12 (T) nht: number of car journeys made in an execution Nguyen Anh Dung Page 136 48th English Road and Bridge GRADUATION THESIS ROAD AND HIGHWAY SECTION T: working time (T = h) Kt: the use of time (Kt = 0.8) t: working time in period 1, t = tb td tvc tb: the time of picking up the material, tb = 15 = 0, 25 h td: time for scrap materials, td = 0, minutes = h tvc: shipping time includes time goes on and on; tvc = V: the average speed of cars (V = 40 km\/h) Ltb: located transport medium, be determined according to formula and calculation scheme is as follows: 2 2l (l + l ) + l1 + l2 Ltb= 2(l1 + l2 ) L1 = 5000 m A L2 =1.874m B L3= 100 Asphalt stock 2l (l1 + l ) + l12 + l 22 2*0.1*(5 + 1.874) + 52 + 1.874 Ltb= = = 2.55 (Km) 2(l1 + l ) 2*(5 + 1.874) Result : - Shipping time: t = 0,1 + 0,1 + 2.174 = 0,3084 h 40 TK 8.0,8 t - Number of cruise shipping: nht= t = 0,3084 = 18 (cruise) - productivity: N = nht P =12*18 =216(T/shift) - Number of vehicles needed to transport the mixture: n= Nguyen Anh Dung Qvc 136.42 = =0.632(shift ) 216 N Page 137 48th English Road and Bridge GRADUATION THESIS ROAD AND HIGHWAY SECTION 3.4.3 Sprayed asphalt concrete mixture Asphalt materials transported to the location of the execution is poured directly into the container of the leaflets Machines sprayed used dedicated Jet sprayed (NFB6CV) with the greatest track landing sprayed can be up to m (when connected) With the entire breadth of construction is 24 m, class BTN to fit him into trail leaflets scattered in execution, the size of each track is 5, m spread Productivity of machine sprayed formula: P = T B h γ V K1 Kt With : T: time to work T = 8*60 =480 minutes B: width of track laying (B = 4m) h: the thickness seed layer (h = 0,07m) V: speed (V = 2,7m/S) γ = 2,3 T/m3) Kt: time use (Kt = 0,7) K1: compaction coefficient (K1 = 1,3) Result : - productivity : P = 480* 4* 0,07*2,32* 2,7*0,7= 589.32 (T/shift ) - number of shift : n = Q =0.23 (shift ) P 3.4.4 Compacting - preliminary : use steel roller 8T ,4l t/p, speed 2Km/h - dense compaction : use tire roller 16T, 8t/p, speed 4km/h - finish compaction : steel roller 10T, 4l /p, speed 3Km/h Preliminary Use steel roller 8T, 4t/ p, speed 2Km/h Nguyen Anh Dung Page 138 48th English Road and Bridge GRADUATION THESIS ROAD AND HIGHWAY SECTION MEDIUM AC MIXTURE H=7CM Breakdown by steel roller 8T , 4l/d, 2km/h 400 Productivity : P= T × Kt × L L + 0.01L (Km/shift ) ×N×β V nht=8, n=1; nyc=3 ⇒ N=8*3=24 (cruise ) ⇒ P= × 0,8 × 0,02 0,02 + 0,01 × 0,02 × 24 × 1,25 = 0,422 (Km/shift ) Number of shift : n= 0,1 L = 0, 422 = 0,236(shift ) P Dense compaction Use tire roller 16T, 8l/p speed 4Km/h Diagram Nguyen Anh Dung Page 139 48th English Road and Bridge GRADUATION THESIS ROAD AND HIGHWAY SECTION MEDIUM AC MIXTURE H=7CM Intermediate mode by tire roller 16t, 8l/d, 4km/h 400 With nht= 2.2, nyc= 10, n = ⇒ total of cruise : N= n yc n ht = = 32 (cruise ) n Productivity : P1 = × 0,8 × 0, 02 0, 02 + 0, 01× 0, 02 × 32 ×1, 25 = 0,633(Km/shift ) n=l/p=0,16 (shift ) Finish compaction Use steel roller 12T, lu 4l/p speed Km/h Diagram the same preliminary compaction Nguyen Anh Dung Page 140 48th English Road and Bridge GRADUATION THESIS ROAD AND HIGHWAY SECTION MEDIUM AC MIXTURE H=7CM Finishing mode by steel roller 12 T, 4l/d, 3km/h 400 Witn nht= 3, nyc= 4, n = ⇒ total of cruise : N= n yc nht = = 24 (cruise ) n Productivity : P= × 0,8 × 0,02 0, 02 + 0, 01× 0, 02 = 0,633(Km/shift ) × 24 ×1, 25 Number shift : n= 0,1 L = = 0,16(shift ) P 0, 633 3.5.Construction Fine grain AC ( h = 5cm,b = 8m ) exclusion of construction -Transporting material -Spread -Compacting 3.5.1 transporting Q=0,05*8*100*2,32=92.8(T) Ue car Huyndai 12T to transport Nguyen Anh Dung Page 141 48th English Road and Bridge GRADUATION THESIS ROAD AND HIGHWAY SECTION The volume : Qvc = Q *1,05= 92.8*1,05=97.44 (m3) Productivity : N = 216 (T/shift ) Number of shift : n= Qvc 97.44 = = 0.451(shift) 216 N 3.5.2 spread Fine grain AC Use (machenic NFB6CV of japan ) use two line with one line is 4m Productivity P = 480*4*0,05*2,32*2,7* 0,7 = 420.9408 (T/shift ) Number of shift : n= Q = 0,26(shift ) P 3.5.3 compacting -preliminary : use steel roller 8T ,4l t/p, speed 2Km/h - dense compaction : use tire roller 16T, 8t/p, speed 4km/h - finish compaction : steel roller 12T, 4l /p, speed 3Km/h a) preliminary the vaule are similar the vaule of medium AC mixture b) dense compaction the vaule are similar the vaule of medium AC mixture c) finish compaction the vaule are similar the vaule of medium AC mixture 3.6 WORK of CONSTRUCTION LAND FLOOR SIDE MARGINS (H = 12CM) and IMPROVE the ROAD SURFACE order work -Scrap plywood stereotypes constructing the BTN Nguyen Anh Dung Page 142 48th English Road and Bridge GRADUATION THESIS ROAD AND HIGHWAY SECTION -Execution of land for two classes class margins, thickness construction BTN h = 12cm -Cropping land, ensuring the right margin cut slope taluy is 1: 1.5 -Moving the equipment and machinery to the new construction -Cleaning materials, fall on the road surface, leaving the curb -Improve the road surface Interest calculated primarily to execute margin in line with this technology The speed of this chain correctly by the speed of construction of the calculation above grade BTN (V = 100 m/ca) Margin after execution is complete will have a size of 0, m, slope roof ta luy is 1: 1.5 3.6.1 Contruct the ground Firstly we execute margin of land from top to bottom by MCN rectangle, then proceed to trim to achieve the correct size, slope roof taluy as designed Breadth of construction land margins on each side calculated as follows: B = 0.5 0.12 * 1.5 = 0, 68m The mass execution ground in a ca: margins Q = K1 = * B.L.h.=2*0.68 * 100 * 0.12 * 1.7 = 27.744 m3 Ground offset hinges are transported by truck from the ground HuynĐai 12m3 located near the end Calculated in the previous section, the productivity of land transport of the vehicle is 144m3 HuynĐai 12m3 Car shipping: n= Qvc 27.744 = = 0.2 (SHIFT ) 144 P 3.6.2 Transport material When discharge on the road, we pour pouring into piles, located between the pile is determined as follows:( each car doing 2-piles) p L = B.h.K (m) with: Nguyen Anh Dung Page 143 48th English Road and Bridge GRADUATION THESIS ROAD AND HIGHWAY SECTION p: the mass shipping of a vehicle ( (p =8m3) h: the thickness margin takes execution B: width curb construction K1: compaction coefficient of the material We have : 12 L = 0.68*0,12*1, =86.51 (m) Land fill material was transported and margins are pouring into piles with the distance between the piles of L = 6.67 as calculated above Use a san to san all material D144 road before compacting Maximum width san retrieved correctly by the width of the margin construction: 2, 855m On each piece of construction of each sideline proceed san cruise as the diagram below: The productivity of spreading is calculated as follows: N= T K t Q t with: T: time to work in a shift (T = 8h) Kt: the use of time (Kt= 0,8) Q: volume material construction in a piece of work V= 27.744 86.51 =24 m3 100 t: working time in period once L V t = n( + t qd ) n: number of cruise spreading (n= 4) L: length of the execution (L=0,08651Km) v: speed of spray (v= 4Km/h) tq: time machine turned of spray (tq= 3' = 0,05 h) Nguyen Anh Dung Page 144 48th English Road and Bridge GRADUATION THESIS ROAD AND HIGHWAY SECTION result: - time of period : t = 2*( 0, 05447 + 0, 05) =0,143 - productivity of spray : N = - the number of shift : n = 8*0,8* 24 T K t V = 0,143 =1074.126(m3/shift) t Q 27.744 = =0,03(shift) N 1074.126 3.6.3.Compacting shoulder The land was swampy the sideline by rammer to fasten K = 0.98 The productivity of rammer is determined as follows: P= T K t V N With : T: time of an execution (T=8h) Kt: the use of time (Kt = 0,8) V: speed (V=1000m/h) N: number of cruise With width 0, m's dam is the need to run each MCN In combination with the number of times the margin requirements of lèn swamp land is 4lượt/point, N = 3.4 = 24(cruise ) Result : - productivity : P = T K t V 8.0, 7.1000 = = 233.33 (m/shift ) 24 N - number of shift : n = L 0.1 = = 0,429 (shift ) P 0.233 3.6.4.Cutting by grader Nguyen Anh Dung Page 145 48th English Road and Bridge GRADUATION THESIS ROAD AND HIGHWAY SECTION Volume Q=2* 0,154*100=4.32(m3) Use grader D144 Productivity N= 60.T F L.K t t With : T: time to work (T=6h) Kt: the use of time (Kt=0,8) F: cross-section area, cut in a roadside cropping F = 0,151(m2) t: working time of a machine to complete n n , x c t = L.(V + V ) + t ( n x + nc ) x c nx,nc: number of cropping land and transfer of land; nx = nc = Vx,Vc: speed when cropping, conversion of land: Vx=2km/h, Vc=3km/h t’: time turns(t’=6 = 0,1h) t = 0,1 * ( + ) + 0,1 * = 0,27h = 17 (min) result : - productivity : N= 8*0.0432*100*0, =89.6(m3/shift ) 0.27 - number shift : n =Q/N=0.05(shift) PAVEMENT CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE No Nguyen Anh Dung Works Unit Page 146 volume capacity Shift 48th English Road and Bridge GRADUATION THESIS ROAD AND HIGHWAY SECTION I Construction of lower sub-base layer’s shoulder Breakdown road - bed by steel roller 8T , 4l/d km 0.08 0.277 0.29 Hauling soil huyndai 12T m3 67.259 144 0.467 Spreading soil by grader D144 m3 67.259 1402.26 0.048 Compaction using steel roller 8T,4t/p,2km/h Km 0.08 1.11 0.072 Cutting shouler edge using grader D144 m3 10.2 213.9 0.048 II Construction of lower sub-base layer GSC II:15 cm Hauling GCS II by huyndai 12T m3 143.14 108 1.325 Spreading GCS II by grader D729 m3 143.14 772.93 0.018 Compaction process 3.1+preliminary :steel roller 8T,4t/p,2km/h km 0.08 0.37 0.216 3.2+intermediate :vibration 14T,8t/p,3km/h km 0.08 0.277 0.289 3.3+ intermediate:tire roller16T,20t/p,3km/h km 0.08 0.166 0.048 III Construction of lower sub-base layer’s shoulder Hauling soil huyndai 12T m3 57.12 144 0.397 Spreading soil by grader D144 m3 57.12 1370 0.042 Compaction using steel roller 8T,4t/p,2km/h km 0.08 1.11 0.072 Cutting shouler edge using grader D144 m3 10.2 213.9 0.048 IV Contruction of upper sub-base layer GSC II:15 cm Hauling GCS II by huyndai 12T m3 143.14 108 1.325 Spreading GCS II by grader D729 m3 143.14 772.93 0.185 Compaction process 3.1+preliminary :steel roller 8T,4t/p,2km/h Km 0.08 0.37 0.216 3.2+intermediate :vibration 14T,8t/p,3km/h Km 0.08 0.277 0.289 3.3+ intermediate:tire roller16T,20t/p,3km/h Km 0.08 0.166 0.482 3.4+finish :steel roller 12T,4t/p,4km/h Km 0.08 0.739 0.108 V Construction of sub-base layer’s shoulder Nguyen Anh Dung Page 147 48th English Road and Bridge GRADUATION THESIS ROAD AND HIGHWAY SECTION Hauling soil huyndai 12T m3 47.34 144 0.33 Spreading soil by grader D144 m3 47.34 1330 0.036 Compaction using rammer km 0.08 233.33 0.457 Cutting shouler edge using grader D144 m3 10.2 213.9 0.048 VI Contruction of sub-base layer GSC I:15 cm Hauling GCS I by huyndai 12T m3 143.14 108 1.325 Spreading GCS I by grader D729 m3 143.14 772.93 0.185 Compaction process 3.1+preliminary :steel roller 8T,4t/p,2km/h Km 0.08 0.37 0.216 3.2+intermediate :vibration 14T,8t/p,3km/h Km 0.08 0.277 0.289 3.3+ intermediate:tire roller16T,20t/p,3km/h Km 0.08 0.166 0.482 3.4+finish :steel roller 12T,4t/p,4km/h Km 0.08 0.739 0.108 VII Protective sub-base layer Hauling fine stone by car huyndai 12T T 10.61 230 0.046 Spraying tack coat(1kg/m2)by machine m2 640 1020 0.627 Spraying fine stone by labour m3 6.188 1.03 Compaction by steel roller 8T 2t/p,2km/h km 0.08 0.74 0.11 VIII Construction of medium AC layer 7cm Spraying tack coat (0,5kg/m2)by machine m2 800 1020 0.78 Hauling mixture by huyndai T 136.42 216 0.632 Spreading mixture by specialized spreader T 136.42 589.32 0.232 Compaction process 4.1+preliminary :steel roller 8T,4t/p,2km/h Km 0.1 0.422 0.237 4.2+intermediate :tire roller 16T,8t/p,4km/h Km 0.1 0.633 0.16 4.3+ finish :steel roller 12T,4t/p,4km/h Km 0.1 0.633 0.16 T 97.44 216 0.451 IX Construction of fine AC layer 5cm Hauling mixture by huyndai Nguyen Anh Dung Page 148 48th English Road and Bridge GRADUATION THESIS ROAD AND HIGHWAY SECTION T 97.44 420.941 0.232 3.1+preliminary :steel roller 8T,4t/p,2km/h Km 0.1 0.422 0.237 3.2+intermediate :tire roller 16T,8t/p,4km/h Km 0.1 0.633 0.16 3.3+ finish :steel roller 12T,4t/p,4km/h Km 0.1 0.633 0.16 Spreading mixture by specialized spreader Compaction process X Contruction shoulder earth and finishing work Hauling soil by car huyndai m3 27.744 144 0.2 Spreading soil by machine m3 27.744 1074.12 0.03 Compaction by rammer m 100 233.33 0.429 Cutting shoulder edge m3 4.32 89.6 0.05 Nguyen Anh Dung Page 149 48th English Road and Bridge ... The thickness of this layer ranges from 0.2m to 0.3m Eluvial clay soil: this layer distributes along alignment The thickness of this layer ranges from 3m to 6m Weathered rock: the color of this... the color of this layer is yellowish brown, reddish brown The thickness ranges from 4m to 6m Bed rock: the most popular bed rock in this area is basalt rock Nguyen Anh Dung Page 10 48th English... area is relatively asperity However, there are some plains in the project area The elevation of this area ranges from 400m to 530m Basing on the results of topographical surveys, test drilling,