Test bank for concepts in strategic management canadian edition 1st edition wheelen

Test Bank for Concepts in Strategic Management Canadian Edition 1st Edition Wheelen Which approach to ethical behavior proposes that decision makers should be fair and impartial in the distribution of harm and benefit to all individuals? A) justice approach B) categorical imperatives C) moral relativism D) individual rights approach E) utilitarian approach Which of Carroll's responsibilities of business is to follow the generally held beliefs about appropriate behaviour in a society? A) ethical B) moral C) legal D) corporate E) fiduciary According to the utilitarian approach, the ability to affect the company is known as A) stability B) legitimacy C) power D) urgency E) utility Who said that the social responsibility of business is a "fundamentally subversive doctrine" and that the one social responsibility of business is "to use its resources and engage in activities designed to increase its profits so long as it stays with the rules of the game "? A) Archie Carroll B) Milton Friedman C) Edward Freeman D) William C Norris E) Adam Smith Which of Carroll's responsibilities of business is shaped by governments in laws? A) economic B) fiduciary C) legal D) corporate E) ethical People who are similar on relevant dimensions such as job seniority should be treated in the same way, is an example of A) distributive justice B) compensatory justice C) retributive justice D) relevant justice E) punitive justice Economist Milton Friedman has argued that a business's only responsibility is to A) sustain its market share 2 B) maximize profits and stay within the rules of the game C) promote the welfare of society D) satisfy its employees E) satisfy its customers For many large organizations the typical strategic planning staff has just fewer than how many people? A) B) 3 C)10 D)5 E)15 Leaders who are able to command respect and influence strategy formulation and implementation tend to display which of the following characteristics? A) is not easily intimidated B) older than the average age of the workforce C) highly educated D) presents a role for others to identify with and follow E) all of the above Which of Carroll's responsibilities of business is to produce goods and services of value to society so that the firm may repay its creditors and provide a return to its shareholders? A) corporate B) fiduciary C) economic D) legal E) monetary According to the text, the primary responsibilities of top management in strategic management include A) ensuring that day to day operations are efficient and well run B) making all important decisions C) managing the short-term planning process D) providing executive leadership E) balancing the budget The theory that proposes corporations have responsibilities to society that extend beyond making a profit is known as A) managerial responsibility B) flexible responsibility C) social management D) social responsibility E) social flexibility The following quotation is attributed to whom? "There is one and only social responsibility of business to use its resources and engage in activities designed to increase profits." A) Michael Porter B) Immanuel Kant C) Lawrence Kohlberg D) Milton Friedman E) Archie Carroll Issues in affirmative action such as reverse discrimination are examples of conflicts between A) compensatory and punitive justice B) retributive and distributive justice C) punitive and retributive justice D) distributive and compensatory justice E) retributive and distributive justice Carroll's four responsibilities of business, in order of priority, are: A) fiduciary, economic, legal, ethical B) ethical, legal, economic, discretionary C) legal, economic, ethical, discretionary D) fiduciary, legal, economic, ethical E) economic, legal, ethical, discretionary A code of ethics: A) is usually sufficient to ensure individuals act ethically B) signals confidence and trustworthiness to the market C) is an ineffective tool for organizations to encourage ethical behavior D) creates a culture of ethics E) none of the above In turbulent environments, the best type of planning is A) horizontal strategic planning B) top-down strategic planning C) composite strategic planning D) bottom-up strategic planning 5 E) monopolistic strategic planning Strategic planning staff are usually responsible for which of the following: A) identify and analyze company-wide strategic issues B) guide business units through the strategic planning process C) supporting top management and business units D) suggest strategic alternatives to top management E) all of the above Which one of the following is NOT one of the arguments against social responsibility as used by economist Milton Friedman? A) Spending money for social responsibility is spending the stockholder's money for a general social interest B) Businesses can actually very little in terms of social responsibility C) There is one and only one social responsibility of business to use its resources and engage in activities designed to increase its profits so long as it stays within the rules of the game D) Through taking on the burden of social costs, the organization becomes less efficient, causing price increases or postponement of growth E) Spending money on social responsibility is acting from motives other than economic and may, in the long-run, cause harm to the very society the firm is trying to help The belief in the acceptability of a certain condition or decision, usually judged in comparison with some other conditions or decisions, is called a/an: A) value B) moral C) culture D) responsibility E) attitude According to Immanuel Kant's categorical imperatives: A) a behavior is ethical if everyone in a similar situation would the same thing B) not restrict people's actions so that they are left disadvantaged in some way C) people treat others as they would like to be treated themselves D) don't treat people as a means to an end E) all of the above According to Carroll, the responsibility that management of a business organization assumes which are purely voluntary obligations are A) legal responsibilities B) financial responsibilities C) ethical responsibilities D) discretionary responsibilities E) economic responsibilities Ethics is defined as A) voluntary obligations assumed by an individual or organization B) formal codes that permit or forbid certain behaviors C) a general rule of conduct of personal behavior, based on religious or philosophical grounds D) beliefs about standards of behavior for an occupation, trade, or profession E) imposing one's morality upon another The approach to ethical behavior which proposes that decision makers be equitable, fair, and impartial in the distribution of costs and benefits to individuals and groups is called A) utilitarian approach B) individual rights approach 3 C) justice approach D) moral imperialism approach E) mercantilism approach According to Kohlberg, the third level of moral development, characterized by a person's adherence to an internal moral code, is called A) conventional B) essential C) preconventional D) principled E) fundamental According to the utilitarian approach, legal or moral claim on company resources can stand for A) stability B) power C) utility D) legitimacy E) urgency According to Carroll, the responsibility that management of a business organization has to produce goods and services of value to society so that the firm may repay its creditors and stockholders is called A) ethical responsibilities B) legal responsibilities C) discretionary responsibilities D) economic responsibilities E) financial responsibilities The type of justice which proposes that punishment should be determined on a proportional basis to the "crime" is called A) punitive justice B) retributive justice C) compensatory justice D) distributive justice E) relevant justice According to Kohlberg, the second level of moral development, characterized by considerations of society's laws and norms, is called A) principled B) fundamental C) essential D) preconventional E) conventional The type of justice which argues that wrongs should be compensated in proportion to the offense suffered is called A) retributive justice B) punitive justice C) relevant justice D) distributive justice E) compensatory justice Examining the justice approach, reverse discrimination is an example of the conflict that exists between A) agency and legitimacy B) power and urgency 3 C) power and legitimacy D) legitimacy and urgency E) distributive and compensatory justice When a private speculator purchases the right to a valuable corporate brand name domain and then sells it to the company at an exorbitant price, this practice is referred to as A) cyberpatenting B) cybersquatting C) cybertampering D) cybercopying E) cyberstealing Organizations feel which of the following pressures to act ethically and responsibility? A) pressure from public interest groups B) their own values and morals C) a desire for a good reputation in the market D) a concern with appearing proper in the eyes of the public E) all of the above A description of what the company is capable of becoming is referred to as A) strategic familiarity B) strategic concept C) strategic flexibility D) strategic vision E) strategic mission A problem with the utilitarian approach is A) that it is difficult to recognize all the benefits and costs of any particular decision B) that it imposes one's morality upon others and judges them by standards they may or may not accept C) that it imposes a set of mandatory values and behaviors on all entities in society D) that it encourages selfish behavior E) that it assumes all countries subscribe to the same definition of "fundamental rights." The term "social responsibility" can be viewed as a combination of an A) organization's ethical and discretionary responsibilities B) organization's financial and economic responsibilities C) organization's legal and ethical responsibilities D) organization's legal and discretionary responsibilities E) organization's economic and ethical responsibilities Ben & Jerry's Ice Cream is a company that is known for is environmental concerns This has allowed them to A) charge premium prices and gain brand loyalty B) pay workers less because they prefer to work for a responsible firm C) generate enduring relationships with distributors D) expand quickly into South Africa once apartheid ended E) none of the above Which approach to ethical behavior proposes that actions and plans be judged by their consequences? A) justice approach B) moral relativism C) individual rights approach D) utilitarian approach E) categorical imperatives Which of Carroll's responsibilities of business are purely voluntary ones an organization assumes? A) ethical B) fiduciary C) discretionary D) legal E) moral The reaction to Nortel's decision to move production out of Canada to lower-wage location in Asia indicates: A) the interests of different stakeholder groups can conflict with another's B) the functioning of categorical imperatives C) top management's lack of business ethics D) Nortel's preconventional level of moral development E) all of the above The approach to ethical behavior which proposes that actions and plans should be judged by their consequences, thus producing the greatest benefit to society with the least harm or the lowest cost is called A) utilitarian approach B) mercantilism approach C) individual rights approach D) moral imperialism approach E) justice approach According to Kohlberg, in what stage of moral development the majority of people in the U.S occupy? A) fundamental stage B) essential stage C) conventional stage D) preconventional stage E) principled stage Which approach to ethical behavior proposes that human being have certain fundamental rights that should be respected in all decisions? A) categorical imperatives B) moral relativism C) utilitarian approach D) justice approach E) individual rights approach According to Kohlberg, the first level of moral development, characterized by concern for self, is called A) conventional B) preconventional C) principled D) fundamental E) essential Increased Internet usage is raising new ethical issues because: A) sellers are no longer constrained by national borders B) domestic businesses often cannot compete with large electronic commerce organizations C) taxing products sold on the Internet is impossible D) information available on the Internet can easily be used to defraud innocent people E) the Internet is usually highly regulated in every country, but regulations differ substantially Managers who want to improve ethical behavior should take actions such as A) encourage a culture of ethics within the organization B) communicate the code of ethics in training programs C) emphasize the code of ethics in performance appraisal systems D) follow a code of ethical behavior themselves E) all of the above Which of the following is NOT a key characteristic of effective executive leadership? A) The CEO energizes the board to formulate strategy B) The CEO presents a role for others to identify with and to follow C) The CEO articulates a strategic vision for the corporation D) The CEO communicates high performance standards for all employees E) The CEO demonstrates confidence in the employees' abilities to meet the expressed high standards Some people claim that morality is relative to some personal, social, or cultural standard and that there is no method for deciding whether one decision is better than another This is called A) moral philosophy B) moral relativism C) cultural imperialism D) comparative ethics 5 E) ethical relativity The approach to ethical behavior which proposes that human beings have certain fundamental rights that should be respected in all decisions, thus avoiding interfering with the rights of others who might be affected by a particular decision or behavior is called A) justice approach B) individual rights approach C) mercantilism approach D) utilitarian approach E) moral imperialism approach All of the following reasons provide rationale for unethical behavior EXCEPT A) agreement among stakeholders and business people about what is ethical B) the impact of cultural norms and values C) difficulty of one group to understand another's actions D) differences in values between business people and key stakeholders E) relativity with regard to morality True - False Questions Discretionary responsibilities are voluntary obligations a corporation assumes True False Moral relativism could enable a person to justify almost any decision or action, as long as it is not declared illegal True False Executive leadership is the directing of activities toward the accomplishment of corporate objectives True False A moral relativist would act according to Immanuel Kant's categorical imperatives True False Usually, the strategic planning staff is charged with supporting only top management in the strategic planning process True False Immaneul Kant's principle of the categorical imperative is based in part on the golden rule, treating others as you would like to be treated yourself True False Refusing to treat other people as a means to an end is a sign of principled moral development True False The theory of vital responsibility proposes that a private corporation has responsibilities to society that extend beyond making a profit True False There is no worldwide standard for the conduct of business True False Organizations are pressured to act ethically primarily because of economics (it makes good business sense to act ethically) True False Reebok International requires its suppliers to adhere to a strict set of human rights production standards True False A utilitarian approach to ethics judges decisions by the fairness of the process by which they are made True False Stakeholders are all constituencies that are affected by the achievement of the firm's objectives True False Kohlberg places most people at the conventional level of moral development True False Archie Carroll proposes that managers in companies have only a discretionary responsibility True False Kohlberg's highest level of moral development is the conventional level True False The belief that morality is solely individually based and subjective is based on the philosophy of Immanuel Kant True False Consumers reward ethical organizations by giving them more business than organizations they view as unethical True False A study concerning social responsibility indicates that sociallyresponsible firms are more likely to be welcomed into another country True False A code of ethics is usually sufficient to encourage ethical behavior in organizations True False ... above In turbulent environments, the best type of planning is A) horizontal strategic planning B) top-down strategic planning C) composite strategic planning D) bottom-up strategic planning... monopolistic strategic planning Strategic planning staff are usually responsible for which of the following: A) identify and analyze company-wide strategic issues B) guide business units through the strategic. .. monetary According to the text, the primary responsibilities of top management in strategic management include A) ensuring that day to day operations are efficient and well run B) making all important