CÂU HỎI PHỎNG VẤN THUYỀN VIÊN MÁY(QUESTIONS ANSWERS FROM MOL TRAINING CENTER)

MOL Training Center Cavite Oral Test Questions Trainees Reviewer DIESEL ENGINE What happens when too much cylinder oil is injected in the working cylinder? Ans Color of exhaust gas is bluish Formation of carbon deposits on piston ring and ring grooves Increase in cylinder oil consumption Is the unit and normal value fuel ratio of an average diesel engine? Ans G/psh 20 - 130g/psh What is the formula for HP of a two-cycle engine? Ans IHP = PLAN c 33000 ft-LB/min Name the indicator diagram Ans - Power diagram - Compression diagram - Out of phase diagram/draw card - Light spring diagram What are the parts in indicator diagram? Ans Maximum compression pressure, maximum combustion pressure, means effective pressure Japanese Licensure Examination MOL Training Center Cavite Oral Test Questions Trainees Reviewer What are the causes of damage of diesel engine exhaust Valve? Ans - Fuel contaminants ( Sulphur, Sodium, Vanadium) - Exhaust valve leakage - Erosion and Corrosion What are the causes of LO high temperature in a diesel engine? Ans - Insufficient flow of cooling medium - Clogged up cooling tubes - Incorrect opening of temperature control valve What trouble could result if the main engine is using a low grade of fuel? Ans Inefficient combustion takes place-causing cylinder liner wear, exhaust valve wear, trouble with fuel injectors and prone to carbon build-up In the exhaust system What are the causes of liner high temperature? Ans Engine is overloaded; insufficient lubrication 10 What happen when too much cylinder oil is injected in the working cylinder? Ans Color of exhaust gas will be bluish Excessive carbon deposit 11 How many lubricating holes are there in cylinder? Ans Approximately Japanese Licensure Examination MOL Training Center Cavite Oral Test Questions 12 Trainees Reviewer What are the defects in exhaust valves? Ans 13 - Exhaust valve seat pitting/wear - Excessive carbon residue at spindle - Erosion and corrosion How you control cylinder liner wear? Ans 14 - Sufficient lubrication - Correct liner and piston ring clearances - Well maintained and timed fuel injectors - Proper fuel and LO treatment process - Usage of LO with properties ( Total Base Number) - Correct scavenging air temperatures - Correct Cooling water and lubricating oil temperatures How much is the specific fuel consumption of an average diesel engine? Ans 120-130 G/PS-Hr 15 Purpose of lubricator in a large diesel engine Ans To pump oil into the cylinder passing a number of lubricating orifice during the upward stroke 16 Explain how the cylinder lubrication on main engine is done? Ans lubricators are usually supplied with oil from a day tank, The through a gravity, which equipped with a built in float, strainers and stop valves The oil Is pumped into the cylinder by lubricator pump via non-return valve, passing a number of lubricating orifice during the Japanese Licensure Examination MOL Training Center Cavite Oral Test Questions Trainees Reviewer upward stroke The oil feed rate or dosage should be in accordance with the engine builder's recommendation and should be increased during starting, maneuvering and large changes in engine load 17 Explain the function of cooling water expansion tank Ans To maintain sufficient cooling water in the F.W.C system by gravity To reduce air or steam pockets Allow changes of the cooling water volume due to heating and cooling Maintains a constant head in the system 18 Explain the causes of the exhaust valve leakage Ans Corrosion/Wear of exhaust valve seat 19 What is the purpose of l.O circulation before and after starting of engine? Ans The purpose of l.O circulation before starting of engine is to prevent seizure of metal parts especially the cylinder and the piston While after stafting of engine and continuos running, is to prevent metal to metal contact and reduce friction and wear at a moving parts It also serves a cooling medium between metal parts 20 Names of valve connected in cylinder head of the engine Ans Relief valve Fuel injector valve Indicator valve Starting air valve Exhaust valve Japanese Licensure Examination MOL Training Center Cavite Oral Test Questions 21 Trainees Reviewer Name the safety devices of diesel engine? Ans Relief valves fitted to the chamber to warn of excessive in combustion pressure increase Relief valves fitted to the crankcase to act, as safety valves should oil vapor ignite due, for instance, to a hot bearing Relief valves fitted to scavenge spaces to protect the chamber against high pressure, Relief valves for fuel pumps and fuel system to prevent line from bursting Relief valves for starting air system to prevent excessive pressure and flame traps or bursting disc at each starting air valve Interlocks fitted to turning gears to ensure that the engine- cannot be started whilst the turning gear is engaged Automatic shut down of the engine due to low pressure in the lubricating or cooling system Automatic shut down of the engine due to high/low temperature in various systems Shut down the engine from the bridge should the communication with the engine room fail when the vessel is in hazardous posItion 22 10 Over-speed trip which cuts the fuel supply to the engine should the main governor fail and the engine RPM increases 11 Oil mist detector fitted in the crankcase to give warning of hot running parts 12 A temperature probe system fitted to bearing to give alarm of excessive temperature 13 A temperature probe system fitted in the scavenge air space to indicate scavenge fires What is injection lag? Japanese Licensure Examination MOL Training Center Cavite Oral Test Questions Trainees Reviewer Ans After compression fuel is injected and comes in contact with hot compressed air, total combustion of fuel does not occur instantly (time delay of ignition) due to the quality of IFO 23 Explain how to measure crank web deflection? Ans Crankshaft alignment can be checked by taking deflections A Strain gage arrange horizontally between the crank webs opposite the crank pin and ideally at the circumference of the main journal will give horizontal deflection, when the crank is rotated through one revolution, that is directly proportional to the vertical deflection Vertical and horizontal misalignment can be checked against the permissible values supplied by the engine builder 24 In a 4cycle engine the intake valve begins to open at ? Ans Intake stroke 25 What causes cylinder liner - wear down? Ans a insufficient lubrication b excessive load c poor combustion d incorrect L.O properties used e poor quality of fuel oil used 26 What causes diesel engine to automatically stop? Ans a Over speed b Low L.O pressure of System Crosshead and cylinder L.O c Low pressure and high temperature of cooling water 27 What causes crankcase explosion? Japanese Licensure Examination MOL Training Center Cavite Oral Test Questions Trainees Reviewer Ans a blowpast of hot gases inside the underpiston? b Formation of flammable vapor inside the crankcase c Presence of hot spot inside the crankcase (Main Bearing) d Excessive crankcase pressure 28 What you combustion? call the clearing of air inside cylinder after Ans Scavenging method ( Uniflow , Loop and Cross scavenging) 29 What is the circulation of l.O pump to diesel engine? Ans Sump tank ~ Suction strainer ~L.O pump ~ L.O cooler ~ Auto backwash filter L.O ~ M/E 30 What causes diesel engine trouble when using heavy oil? Ans a poor combustion b excessive formation of carbon deposits c excessive corrosion and wear of engine parts d high thermal load 31 What causes turbocharger surging? Ans a fouling of turbocharger b rough sea condition c contamination of exhaust and scavenging ducting ports and filters d variation in gas supply to turbo charger due to unbalanced output e Mechanical damage in turbo charger Japanese Licensure Examination MOL Training Center Cavite Oral Test Questions 32 Trainees Reviewer What pressure is highest L.O Gravity Head or S.W of the stern tube circulation Ans Pressure of L O gravity tank 33 What is fuel catalytic cracking Ans Method of catalyst 34 separating fuel into different grades by the use of a Contaminants of fuel oil Ans Sodium - is contaminant which may be present due to seawater in the fuel Vanadium and Sulfur - are dissolved in the fuel and not removed by the purifier The effect of the sulfur can be neutralized by alkali additives in diesel engine cylinder lubricants Silicon and aluminum - catalytic fines are remove in the purifier or clarifier I but slow throughout is essential for optimum results 35 Crankcase oil mist detector Ans it uses photoelectric cells to measure small increases in 011 mist density which is harmful and may lead to crankcase explosion 36 Inspection for intermediate shaft bearing Ans Shaft bearings are of two types, the aftermost tunnel bearing and all others The aftermost tunnel bearing has a top and a bottom bearing shell because It must counter act the propeller mass and take a vertical upward thrust at the forward end of the tailshaft The intermediate shaft bearing only support the shaft weight and thus have only lower half bearing shell lubrication is from a bath in the lower half of the casing and should be inspected Also the cooling Japanese Licensure Examination MOL Training Center Cavite Oral Test Questions Trainees Reviewer process by water circulating through a tube cooler in the bottom of the casing 37 What are the causes of main engine black smoke? Ans Poor atomization of fuel Damaged fuel injectors Insufficient air (Restricted air Intake system) Damaged piston rings and exhaust valve low fuel oil pressure and temperature Fouled Exhaust gas Economizer 38 Causes of emergency trip of diesel engine Ans low lube oil pressure Shut down of the engine from the bridge should the communication fail while the vessel is in hazardous position Over speeding, governor failure Control air failure Jacket cooling water high temperature 39 What are the causes if one cylinder In a diesel engine has a high temperature? Ans Damaged exhaust valves Poor jacket cooling in a single cylinder due to scale formation Damaged fuel injector nozzles Damage exhaust valve Clogged scavenging port Excessive cylinder and piston ring wear Japanese Licensure Examination MOL Training Center Cavite Oral Test Questions 40 Trainees Reviewer Explain how the lubricating oil circulates in a diesel engine Ans Lubricating for an engine is stored in the bottom of the crankcase, known as the pump, or in a drain tank located beneath the engine The oil is drawn from the tank through a strainer, one of a pair of pumps, into one of a pair of fine filters It is then passed to a cooler before entering the engine and being distributed to the various branch pipes The branch pipes for a particular cylinder may feed the main bearing, for instance Some of this oil my pass along a drilled passage in the connecting rod to the gudgeon pin or crosshead bearing An alarm at the end of the distribution pipes ensures that adequate pressure is maintained by the pump Pumps and fine filters are arranged in a duplicate with one standby The fine filters will be arranged so that one can clean while the other is operating After used in the engine the oil drains back to a sump tank or a drain tank for reuse A level gauge gives a local read-out of the drain tank contents A centrifuge is arranged for cleaning the lubricating oil in the system and clean oil can be provided from a storage tank The oil cooler is circulated by seawater, which is at a lower pressure than the oil As a result any leak in the cooler will mean a loss of oil and not contamination of the oil by seawater 41 What are the causes of damage to propellers? Ans ~ Cavitation - the forming and bursting of vapour filled cavities or bubbles, can occur as result of pressure variation at the back of a propeller blade ~ Corrosion ~ Small Cracks - due to loads and wears ~ Grounding - this causes bents and worn out propellers 42 What causes friction in the cylinder? Ans Inadequate or incorrect lubrication Faulty combustion Japanese Licensure Examination 10 MOL Training Center Cavite Oral Test Questions Trainees Reviewer 62 How to operate soot blower of boiler and economizer? Ans ~ Raise up steam as high as possible ~ Drain the steam line until free of condensate ~ For boiler start force draft fan ~ Increase draft air pressure ~ Open steam valve and start soot blow on several direction 63 What you mean by A.C C.? Ans Automatic combustion control 64 What is the thermal efficiency of a diesel engine? Ans The thermal efficiency of an engine is the relationship between the quantity of heat energy converted into work and the quantity of heat energy supplied Thermal Efficiency = Heat energy converted into work Heat energy supplied 65 What is a blow down valves? Ans A boiler mounting valve fitted on the bottom of the water drum use to empty or control the degree of contamination in a boiler Japanese Licensure Examination 73 MOL Training Center Cavite Oral Test Questions Trainees Reviewer REFRIGERATION What are the three methods of heat transfer? Give example for each Ans Conduction – transfer of heat from metal to metal Convection – liquid flow (circulation) Radiation – heat from sun rays 10 Name the four most refrigeration system important components of a Freon Ans 11 compressor evaporator condenser expansion valve What is an expansion valve and its purpose? Ans An expansion valve is the one that regulates the flow of refrigerant entering the evaporator 12 What happen when the expansion valve is excessively open? Ans Flooding of refrigerant in the evaporator takes place, back pressure would rise and frost would form on the cylinders 13 Kind of refrigerant use in a refrigerating system Ans Boiling temp R-22 at atmospheric – 41 0C Boiling temp R-12 at atmospheric – 30 0C Boiling temp Ammonia at atmospheric – 16 0C What are the characteristics of Freon 12? Japanese Licensure Examination 74 MOL Training Center Cavite Oral Test Questions Trainees Reviewer Ans Colorless, odorless, non-irritating, non-flammable, non-poisonous, non-explosive, an excellent solvent, non-corrosive to metals ordinarily used in refrigerating units Purpose of condenser in refrigeration system Ans Absorbs the high press And high temperature refrigerant gases from the compressor and converts its state in liquefied form with the aid of cooling water Kinds of refrigerants and their properties Ans Freon 12 (CCl2F2) a) Colorless, odorless b) Non-flammable, non-poisonous c) Non-irritating, non-poisonous d) Non-corrosive to metal, excellent solvent e) Boiling point – 21.6 0F @ atmospheric pressure f) Always available in the market g) Low power consumption @ higher efficiency h) Soluble when mixed with oil @ lower viscosity and pour point Ammonia (NH3) a) Colorless, corrosive b) Pungent odor c) Very soluble in water d) Boiling point @ atmospheric pressure – 280F e) Combustible or explosive when mixed with air f) Health hazard due to exposure affect lung tissues g) Solubility is fairly low when mixed with air h) Require high power consumption which gas needed to condense Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Japanese Licensure Examination 75 MOL Training Center Cavite Oral Test Questions 10 Trainees Reviewer a) High specific gravity b) Colorless, odorless c) Non corrosive, non poisonous d) Non explosive and very safe to health e) Boiling point @ atmospheric pressure – 109.3 0F What will happen if there is moisture in refrigeration system? Ans There will be a decrease in heat transfer, thereby not achieving the desired low temperature One instance is the expansion valve is frosting causing ice, which then acts as an insulator 11 Explain the cycle of refrigeration system Ans Four major parts involved – compressor, condenser, expansion valve and evaporator The system is composed of two sides, the high and low-pressure sides High-pressure side components: From compressor outlet to the inlet of the expansion valve Low pressure side components: From outlet of expansion valve to compressor inlet 12 Give the different ways of detecting leaking refrigerant? Ans A soapy lather spread over joint or pipes will bubbles at the leak Dampen a piece of litmus paper and run it along piping joints, valve stems, etc An ammonia leak will turn the litmus paper blue A sulfur stick passed along the piping, etc will give off a dense white smoke on coming in contact with a leak Leaks in the condenser may be detected by applying litmus paper in circulating water discharge The litmus paper turning blue will indicate a leak For freon, by the use of halide torch Its normal blue flame will turn green in the presence of freon Japanese Licensure Examination 76 MOL Training Center Cavite Oral Test Questions 13 Trainees Reviewer What is the cold side of the refrigeration system? Ans The cold side of the refrigeration system is the evaporator The refrigerant entering the evaporator at a temperature lowers than the secondary coolant receives latent heat and evaporates Later this heat is given up in the condenser when the refrigerant is again liquefied In larger installations the evaporator cools air or brine These are circulated in turn a secondary refrigerants 14 What is the purpose of liquid receiver? Ans The liquid receiver is fitted to give a sufficient reserve of refrigerant in the system to cater for various operating conditions Secondly, for storage of the refrigerant where it is required to pump over, i.e., store the charge for maintenance purpose 15 What are specific heat, latent heat and sensible heat? Ans Specific heat – is the ratio of thee amount of heat required to raise a mass of a material, degree in temp to the amount of heat required to raise an equal mass of a reference substance, usually water Latent heat – is the amount heat absorbed or evolved by one mole, or a unit mass of a substance during a change of state at constant temperature and pressure Sensible heat – the quantity of heat required to change the temperature of a substance but does not change of the substance 16 Where is the warm side of a refrigeration system? Ans Condenser 17 What would happen if there was water in refrigeration line? Ans Japanese Licensure Examination 77 MOL Training Center Cavite Oral Test Questions Trainees Reviewer Water circulating with Freon tends to freeze on the regulator causing a build up of pressure on the evaporator side due to blockage The machine tends to stop by the high pressure cut out 18 What safety device will activate to stop the compressor in the refrigeration system? Ans Solenoid valve 19 What phenomenon becomes when air mixed with refrigerant? a Delivery pressure increase b Outlet gas temperature Ans a.) ~ High discharge gauge reading ~ Jumping of gauge pointers ~ Inefficient working b.) ~ High cooling outlet temperature of condenser ~ High refrigerant temperature 20 What is the effect if your refrigeration system has an air? Ans This is indicated by an abnormally high refrigerating compressor head pressure readings and possibly by the presence of small bubbles in the sight glass 21 What is short cycling in refrigeration system? Ans Condenser coolant restriction causing high choked expansion valve giving low pressure 22 What system? is the hottest part Japanese Licensure Examination of pressure refrigerant in discharge the cut outs, refrigeration 78 MOL Training Center Cavite Oral Test Questions Trainees Reviewer Ans The high pressure side from which the refrigerant is discharged 23 Diagram of refrigeration Ans ~ Compressor ~ Condenser ~ Liquid receiver ~ Expansion valve ~ Evaporator coil 24 Give the function of evaporator? Ans ~ A place were the refrigerant boils and changes it states ~ Absorbs heat in the space being cooled 25 What is a magnetic valve of refrigeration system? Ans ~ Solenoid valve 26 In refrigeration, why during operations is running low pressure at the suction side? Ans The expansion valve tends to control the degree of superheat in the evaporator, were the refrigerant boils and absorbs heat in a lower pressure 27 What is a liquid flooding in refrigeration system? Ans Liquid refrigerant enters the suction sude of the compressor Japanese Licensure Examination 79 MOL Training Center Cavite Oral Test Questions Trainees Reviewer 28 What are the safety device that are fitted in a refrigeration system? Ans ~ Lubricating pressure switch ~ High pressure switch ~ Lubricating oil pressure switch 29 What is flaring tool? Ans Used for tubing connections in enlarging the inside diameter of the tube to a tapered shape ELECTROTECHNOLOGY 1, How are voltmeter and am meter connected in the circuit? Japanese Licensure Examination 80 MOL Training Center Cavite Oral Test Questions Trainees Reviewer Ans Voltmeter - connected in parallel Ammeter - connected in series 2, What is the function of space heaters for motors? Ans Maintains the temperature of motor windings to avoid the formation of moisture What is Ohm slaw? Ans Ohm's law states that the current of a circuit is equal to the voltage divided by the resistance Current or amperes is generally indicated by the letter I; pressure or voltage by the letter E; and resistance or ohms by the letter R Thus, Ohm's law becomes; Amperes = volts/ohms or I = E/R The transposition of the formula to find volts and ohms would be: Volts = amps x ohms or E = I x R Ohms = volts/amps or R = E/I Enumerate the parts of Main Switchboard Ans Synchronizer, meter circuit breaker Indicating lamps, synchroscope, earth lamps, interlocks Examples of good conductors of electricity Ans ~ Aluminum ~ copper ~ and silver Japanese Licensure Examination 81 MOL Training Center Cavite Oral Test Questions Trainees Reviewer Examples of good insulators Ans - Porcelain - rubber - and mica What are to be checked in an induction motor? Ans Induction motor are checked for their insulation resistance and winding resistance Insulation resistance must not be lesser than megaohm Periodic cleaning and maintenance must be observed Check on bearing and lamination must also be done How may a battery discharges? Ans In discharging batteries, the hydrogen ions remove oxygen from the lead peroxide of the positive plates and combined with it to form water (H2O) Loss of oxygen from the lead peroxide reduces it to gray lead The water formed by the action dilutes the electrolytes so that as the cell discharges, the specific gravity decreases Measurements of the specific gravity change with a hydrometer will show the state of change of the cell At the negative side of the cell, sulphate ions (504) combine with the pure lead of the reg Plates to form a layer of white lead sulphate The lead sulphate layer increases during discharge and finally covers the active material of the plate so that further reaction Is stifled Some sulphate also forms on the positive plates, but this Is not a direct part of the discharge action How to find ground in main switchboard? Ans By using megger tester, conducting Insulation resistance and winding resistance 10 What is the cause of motor not to start? Japanese Licensure Examination 82 MOL Training Center Cavite Oral Test Questions Trainees Reviewer Ans Loose connection Wrong polarity for a D.C motor Burn-out motor Tripped breaker Burn-out fuse 11 Where can you find space heater lam p and what is its purpose? Ans Space heater lamp can be found on MSB to indicate If space heater is running or not 12 How you detect earth by lam p? Ans Push the earth lamp button when the lights on with the degree of illumination it indicates the circuit is not grounded 13 Why the transformer is mostly used aboard the ship? Ans Transformer is incorporated in battery charges, instrument connection on AC work and power distribution systems With their use voltage can be stepped up or down by a simple and efficient means without change of frequency Safety working supplies can be improved with transformer step down and isolation from the switchboard To reduce 440 volts 3-phase AC into 120 volts for general use 14 Electrical Symbol Japanese Licensure Examination 83 MOL Training Center Cavite Oral Test Questions 15 Trainees Reviewer List the different devices and components of main switchboard Ans Interlock devices, circuit breaker, ground detecting system, preference trip device, electrical meters, Indicating lamps, and synchroscope Relays, fuse, starting switches 16 What are to be checked in an induction motor? Ans Induction motor are checked for their insulation resistance and winding resistance Insulation resistance must not be lesser than mega-ohm Periodic cleaning and maintenance must be observed Check on bearing and lamination must also be done 17 How you detect earth by lam p? Ans Push the earth lamp button, when the lights on, it indicates the degree of illumination of the circuit which not earthed 18 How you reset the circuit breaker? Ans In case of a trip, rectify first the fault Then just press the "reset" button 19 What is the purpose of ventilation in the battery room? Ans To prevent the emission of toxic gases which is detrimental to heath 20 What are the usual checks when induction motor is running? Ans ~ current Japanese Licensure Examination 84 MOL Training Center Cavite Oral Test Questions Trainees Reviewer ~ abnormal sound ~ temperature rise ~ vibration 21 Methods to dry up wet induction motors Ans ~ It frequently becomes necessary to dry out electrical machinery eitther because it has been exposed to the weather before commissioning or because it has been accidentally immersed In the latter case, if the immersion is in the sea water, all salts deposits should first be washed out with plain water ~ In many cases it may also advisable to dismantle and rebuild the commutator as water deposited inside the commutator cannot be removed by drying processes ~ either internal or external heating maybe applied, the machine should be enclosed or covered up to retain the heat, but in such a manner that moisture can escape either continuously or by periodically lifting the covers ~ Use of electric heaters are most suitable, taking care that the hottest part of the machine does not exceed 90 centigrade 22 The unit of resistance Ans Ohms 23 The lowest allowable insulation resistance Ans 0.2 mega Ohms 24 What is space heater? Ans An electric coil use to prevent the condensation of moisture when the machine is out of operation Japanese Licensure Examination 85 MOL Training Center Cavite Oral Test Questions Trainees Reviewer 25 What is hertz in electrical system? Ans ~ The number of cycles the current passes through in one second ~ Unit of frequency 26 In electricity, what is commutator? Carbon brush? Ans Commutator- This is compose of copper segments, insulated from each other by mica The width of the top of a segment may be up to 6mm and the segments maybe mounted on but insulated from a sleeve, which is secured to the shaft, and are clamp by an end ring which can be bolted or screwed Carbon brush- Any one brush is pressed onto the commutator by means of a pressure arm and is connected to a holder by means of a pigtail of braided wire which is moulded into the brush One or more brush holders maybe carried on in insulated spindle which is mounted on the brush rocker ring Brushes of modern d.c machines are always of moulded carbon and graphite, the grade of hardness being chosen to suit the running conditions 27 Draw a parallel circuit with one battery and two resistors Derive the formula for resistance Ans 1/RT= 1/R1+ 1/R2+… 28 Define earth lamp? Ans The earth lamp make it possible to examine the display lamps if the circuit is earthed or not, by manipulating the push button switch The circuit, the voltage earth will apply to each of the three lamps so that the lamp for each will be applied to each brightness, which is lower than that of the display lamps 29 What is the use of multi-tester? Ans Japanese Licensure Examination 86 MOL Training Center Cavite Oral Test Questions Trainees Reviewer ~ Measure resistance ~ Measure voltage AC-DC ~ Measures amperage ~ Measures capacitance 30 How to check the diode, fuse and bearer switch? Ans Continuity check 31 What is the formula to determine the speed of induction motor? Ans Speed= Frequency (120) Number of poles Japanese Licensure Examination 87 ... lower half bearing shell lubrication is from a bath in the lower half of the casing and should be inspected Also the cooling Japanese Licensure Examination MOL Training Center Cavite Oral Test Questions... trouble Vent pipes of Japanese Licensure Examination 16 MOL Training Center Cavite Oral Test Questions Trainees Reviewer small bore tube are lead from any local high point in the system to the top... collidal dispersion of high molecular weight substances is disturbed Due to this loss of equilibrium, the heavier constituents tent to Japanese Licensure Examination 23 MOL Training Center Cavite