1. Trang chủ
  2. » Giáo án - Bài giảng

PP giải Hóa vô cơ

5 675 21
Tài liệu đã được kiểm tra trùng lặp

Đang tải... (xem toàn văn)

THÔNG TIN TÀI LIỆU

Thông tin cơ bản

Định dạng
Số trang 5
Dung lượng 91 KB

Nội dung

S PHƯƠNG PHÁP GIẢI TOÁN HÓA (GV: Đồng Đức Thiện - Trường THPT Sơn Động số 3)  A-GIẢI NHANH BÀI TOÁN TRẮC NGHIỆM 1/    →     →  ↑  →      VD1:!"#$%&'()    "*"+,-./01234056778 .9.:    7"$+; <= >&89=?9@2,,A!B2,B!.9.: C D    E7"76E   F  E7"$     E   7"$7"768! 889=E8!G,H8I,B!!G,J8=2G,E"#$H7"76;$K7"76;LKEK"#$28 VD2:!#%&'MN,O8 P2+0C(),-./Q,05.9.: ,RS,!-,B26"K ,  T 3O,;<= >&89=,A!B2,B!.9.: C D  E7"6F E E7"6;E7"6;889=E#7"6;6"6E6"U628 VD3!$$28%&'O8 !A,2!C,!C,B! .>,RSV#"LK W,OW,!-,B2I3OJ0C X"YA X,ZO= >&%&'89=O2,93>& CI28J D  E7"F E  E7";E7"#;889=EO O8 !AO !  E$$7"#;6"EL"28 2/ Axít + Ocid bazơ ( kể cả ocid bazơ không tan) VD1()    →28!  [D.9.: () G  S →M8! D   E2MS→    →   K2SM←2SM VD2!C,2"8N,!G,?\,01234L78   $+;Y,42!G,?\,V,B] C DP[!G,?\, C()GS→28!  E7"7L8!     →   7"7L7"768!   E2SE7"76I$J 6K2$KS2E"IJ G2E7"7→GSE→[ C()    VD 3:!828%&'8()"()    "0C()    0C!  3^'DGDSB2!C,!C3>& _;2_,C'`Ma29;  [`$YA,93>&8 $ 89=O2; [`?/OW !0C!3Q.>B8VYA,Z,93>&8  89=O2; bQ,8  H8 $ E7"U$280C,B!%&'3`9,c 8! d2()0C()     C$$;8V-,B:C!?29 3eSf _;"UK28 b;L"#28 ;L"##28 ;6"K28 D!,c 8! d2()0C()     C$$]!!G,CS C()    ; ()    # →()  ()     [$889=VO  C8 $ 28 [8$89=VO  C8  28()    →()  2a a $ m muối = m Kim Loại + m gốc axít m M 2H + + O 2- → H 2 O S 8  H8 $ E2;U$E7"U$ →2E7"7$→8E;2;EL"#28 3/ Axít + Bazơ ( kể cả bazơ không tan)  VD 1  9.:    'D05g&'()IJ  28! "_ IJ  M8! "9IJ  8!    E2ME    VD 2  <,BY h  ei778 .9. h _Y j 8 7"+02 j     7"$+0k l 778 .9. h bY j 8 27"+02 j b2IJ  7"$+,m j ,93>k h .9. h ;9. h ! l  _;'EU b;'nU ;'FU ;Un'n$7 D  E7";7"7";7;$;E7"$8!   E7";7"7";7";E7"$K8!   .>E7"7→'FU VD3^,B9o2.9.:27"$8! 20C7"$68! b2IJ  `M2!]9 W,.9.:% &'2 7"$+0C    7"76+f _;$ W, b; W, ; W,; W, D  E7"$7"$6;E7"   EI7"$7"76;J;E7"E7"→E W, 4/ Axít + Kim Loại → Muối và giải phóng khí H 2  2→→p   +→→   _ →→q  VD1:!#;%&'_ "(),-./Q,05.9.: ;29'DO= >& ,r,]8 U;#;<= >&8%89=,A!B2,B!.9.:0CO 8%O8 !A,B! D  EI#"U"#JE7"6 q2ME7"6 U26KME#"F2EME7"$8! VD 2: !828Y8"+2]"?\,0C!678  X22GW, $+"    7"6+",93>& 7"U68! OW  0C s;W'42 s; Giải:  M3E7"67"6;7"6;E7"6   '>E7"U6;E7"U6   .>E7"768! →   E7"$→'E$ 5/ CO, H 2 khử oxít kim loại sau Al tạo Kim loại + CO 2 , H 2 O  VD1:g&'89→28! ()    →M8! ⇒ I,B!!GW,J E2M  →   2M←2M→2M VD2:+N,%&'X8()    "()0C+VO= >& C",B!3VV$"+;<! X'D05.>I'D!C,!CJ",23>&R,B\_0C%&'0C  ;%&'CS Ot92>50Y,B!!B26OQ,,42;X-3:O= >&()    "(),B!%&'X; Giải: 8!G,?\, C"H$"E"728F$K72UME"7   EI,B!!G,?\,JE2  E7"76F2ME7"76F2E7"7$uME7"7  H + + OH - → H 2 O nH + + M→ M n+ + n/2 H 2 CO + O ( trong oxít) t o CO 2 H 2 + O ( trong oxít) t o H 2 O S VD398N,%&'()    0C9,B!8N, 9OW  .>;[D!C,!C;!% &'OW,A!,C,B!'D3t92$MZ3v    3w;<= >&42MZCS,r ] U";WO= >&()0C9,93>&?29'D; _;6"K()0C"9 b;$$"()0CK"9 ;6"K()0CK"9 ;$$"()0C"9 Giải:P2"M ` >&, C?=8! !G, $K72#7MEI$J  E7"    I,B!!GW,J →   7"7" b9S],=E2ME7"IJ DI$J0-IJ→2E7"uME7"$Pb 6/ Phản ứng giữa 2 ion chỉ xảy ra khi sản phẩm chất kết tủa, dễ bay hơi, điện li yếu. VD 1 :2     →2  ↓      →    ↑     →  ↑ 2     G OYGDSB2 VD 2 9.:228! _   "M8! 9  "8! 2 'D.9.:_  .>,9.8! OQ, ,42;+= ]2"M"".    E2M  ⇒ _  ↓ E   E _  'D E2ME. _    →_ ↓ 7/ Định luật bảo toàn khối lượng: 8  g&'O8 !A8 $ .9.: ,93>&8  .9.:_"8  OWb0C8  B\OY,2; 2V88 $ E8  8  8  ⇒8  E88 $ H8  H8   VDo2,2!C,!CU"#28%&'X8_ "+Ma  .>;29'D,RSO= >& .9.:,r,]8U28;<= >&42+0C_ ,B!%&'M23`9 C _;"0C6" b;6"$0C"U ;0C6"# ;$"760CK"U6 D  EIU"#UJE7"8! U2MEU"#I$J $"62ME7"IJ D⇒2E7""ME7"$P_ 8/ Bảo toàn điện tích: B!$.9.:g3,W.>kE,g3,We8 VD 1 9.:228! _  "M8! 2  "8!    ".8!   ; 2!2ME. VD 2 8  g&'()"+"*'D.9.: .>,9I88 $ J2889=; 8  g&',B]'D.9.: ,9M2!]92889=f D ;8 89= !B92 E8 O8 !A 8   ⇒8   E8 $ ⇒   E 6"6 $ m 8! ;bD!,!C3,W      I;   E   J  6"6 1 m → U$ 1 m ;89=?9@2,E8 U$ $ m GLK VD3:!8%&'9"*"(),-./05.9.:  !x".>,93>&.9.:_;Y A.9.:_,93>&I8KJ2889=O2;9%&'89=O2,B]3QO= >&OY 3g,93>&R,B\VO= >& C D   EKKE$8! F   F  ;  E7"68!  S $8! 7;68! 8!G,E8O8 !A8E87"6;$KEI8#J28 Vídụ 4: !C,2!C,!C%&'87"$8! ()  0C28! 9  0C!.9.:  01234",9 3>&.9.:Xc289=?9@0COW.9SR,;-,B:2 C D 87"$8! ()  "28! 9  "I7"2J8!    ; -'./ M,3,W;7"$;2EI7"2J→2E7"7K VD5:2%&'O8 !A_"bV!-,B:OY3g,C'`Ma29;[`$,2Q,,B!  ,A!B2$"UL ,  I3OJ;[`9!G,93>&"#%&'!G,;<= >&%&'O8 !AM23`9 C _;$"# b;" ;" ;"$ Giải:   E7"7# ⇒ E7"$KE    →   7"$K7"7# <yO P2,B!M23`9EI8!G,H8  J;E"$28 9/ Bảo toàn nguyên tố +Bảo tòan khối lượng: VD 1 !$8!   'D$"8! 2,98  89=;W8f ; 2 - CO OH n n E$"⇒?D'z8,A!89= ;P89=2  →28! b9S],=2M!2ME$ 2E7"7#8! 2    →M8! b9S],=2,B2ME$"⇒ME7"78!  VD 2 g&'_8()28! "()    M8! 'D05T, 7 2!,93>&g&'b8() 8! "().8! "()    )8! "()    @8! ;+=t92d22"M"".{ 2V () I,B!_J  E () I,B!bJ    ⇔ VD 3: R',/!C,!C7"$8!   0C!"6 W, b2IJ  28! q ,93>&7"7#8! OQ,,42;W,B:422 C M2!]9; Giải:b2  =7"7# →o A,A!b2I  J  E7"$H7"7#E7"7 →b2I  J  E7"7 →b2Eb2IJ  E7"7#7"7E7"$→ + E7"$q"6E7"7+ VD 4o2,26"K28()0C!     .>,9.>& X; X'D0123405 W, <+  7"6+-,B:42 Cf Giải: ()E()  E7"$8! →+  E7"$;$q6E7"7I3 b) ),B!J→E7"77;6E7"7 W, VD5:v'D,Y8056%&'_8_ 0C()    ,93>&%&'b;!b ,-./05.9.:2.>3>&$;#%&'"OY,RSOW,!-,B2;[`,Br8O= >& ()    ,B!%&'_ C _;#K;|b;#;K|;U#;|;U;#| Giải: yb<y8_E8bE628 b 2OY,RSOW]bOYV_ .>;<= >&bD8W C_   ; 8_    E6H$"#E$7"⇒_    E7"$8! ⇒_ E7"8! P 10/ Bảo toàn Electron : ;c?}./3=05'D!GV2O} ;[>k'-'X-3:R,O}G-3:R,!GV2 Q,t9-,BZ3: 9~,MD!,!C• ),B! )!  E )~ VD 1 : 7"8! () G  S 'D05   .>,93>&7"$8! OW;X-3:() G  S ; DG() SqG HIGSJ→G()   ()GS E7"⇒ () SqG E7"G  ⇒  GE 7"G→7"IGSJSE!wGESE$  6 )→  7";IGHSJE7"⇒GHSE$  2ME.)@ S 7" 7"$ ~S[()    !w() VD2<3^828?\,!COYOW8N,,€2,ZM:!GV2,C#"28%&'_8- !G,?\,0C8N,'`?\,o A;!_,-./!C,!C05   ,Z,93>&"K W, I3OJ;-,B:428 C _;$L"K28 b;#"28 ;$28 ;"28 Dyb) ,B! ())→()   8q6K8q6K   )→  I#"H8JqI#"H8Jq#  6 )→  7"67"$6 2V8q6KE7"6I#"H8Jq#⇒8E"28 11/ Xác định CTPT chất : $!GW,42?\,V|8()Q8U7|;X-3:[42!GW,; P42!GW, C() G  S ⇒ = y x == KKK"7 $Kq7 6KqU7   ⇒()    6 . S PHƯƠNG PHÁP GIẢI TOÁN HÓA VÔ CƠ (GV: Đồng Đức Thiện - Trường THPT Sơn Động số 3)  A-GIẢI NHANH BÀI TOÁN TRẮC NGHIỆM VÔ CƠ 1/    →. EI7"$7"76;J;E7"E7"→E W, 4/ Axít + Kim Loại → Muối và giải phóng khí H 2  2→→p   +→→  

Ngày đăng: 26/06/2013, 01:25

TỪ KHÓA LIÊN QUAN

w