Làm thế nào dạy học sinh cách nghenhanh lớp 12

11 E12 2 Session content • 1. Questions for discussion • 2.Listening processes • 3.Principles in teaching listening • 4.Teaching steps • 5.Listening activities • 6. Listening- Textbook adaptation 3 3 A. Questions for discussion Do you… 1. … skip listening section in the textbook? 2. … have any activities before having your students listen to the tape? 3. … usually have your students read the script before, while, or after listening? 4. … stop the tape after every sentence (or speaker’s turn)? 5. … ask your students to repeat after the tape? 6. … prepare more listening tasks? 7. … have a listening task in any in-class tests? 4 B. Listening processes Top-down and Bottom-up • In Top-down processing, the listener gets a general view or idea of the listening text by absorbing the overall picture/reviewing what he knows about the topic to interpret the massage he has heard. • In Bottom-up processing, the listener focuses on individual words, phrases or cohesive devices and achieves understanding these detailed elements together to build up a whole. 5 5 C. Principles in Teaching Listening  Listening materials should be based on a wide range of texts, including both monologues and dialogues.  Schema-building tasks should precede listening.  Learners should know what they are listening for and why.  Only use the tape script (if there is one) as a last resort.  Set a further task, or tasks, which direct learners to a more detailed understanding  Teaching, not testing  Learners should be given opportunities to listen to a text several times and to work through increasingly challenging listening tasks. = pre-listening activities < top-down processing = text-related tasks < bottom-up processing 6 6 D. Teaching steps Lead-in comprehension task Ss’ listening T’s feedback text-related task comprehension task Ss’ listening T’s feedback TYPE 1 TASKS TYPE 2 TASKS for general information < TOP-DOWN for detailed info. or language aspects < BOTTOM-UP 7 E. Listening Activities 7 8 Before you listen • Introducing general content of the listening passage • Practising designed warming-up activities in the textbook • Making use of pictures (if any) to present new vocabulary • Presenting more words/phrases from tapescripts 8 9 Before you listen • Getting students to pronounce words/phrases carefully • Reviewing already-presented grammatical patterns • Presenting new grammatical patterns (if any) • Asking students to predict content of the listening 9 10 While you listen • Giving clear instructions for the listening task (rephrasing textbook instructions if necessary) • Playing the tape once (non-stop) for students to get general content of the listening • Providing other activities from textbook for slower classes 10 . 11 E12 2 Session content • 1. Questions for discussion • 2.Listening processes. gap-filling, table/graph completing, answering information questions…) 11 12 After you listen • Practising designed post-listening activities in textbook.