NGHIÊN CỨU DÒNG ĐIỆN XÍCH ĐẠO (EEJ) TỪ SỐ LIỆU VỆ TINH CHAMP VÀ TỪ SỐ LIỆU MẶT ĐẤT Ở KHU VỰC VIỆT NAM VÀ CÁC VÙNG LÂN CẬN

Header Page of 148 B GIO DC V O TO VIN HN LM KHOA HC V CễNG NGH VIT NAM HC VIN KHOA HC V CễNG NGH Lấ TRNG THANH NGHIấN CU DềNG IN XCH O (EEJ) T S LIU V TINH CHAMP V T S LIU MT T KHU VC VIT NAM V CC VNG LN CN LUN N TIN S VT Lí H Ni 2015 Footer Page of 148 Header Page of 148 B GIO DC V O TO VIN HN LM KHOA HC V CễNG NGH VIT NAM HC VIN KHOA HC V CễNG NGH Lấ TRNG THANH NGHIấN CU DềNG IN XCH O (EEJ) T S LIU V TINH CHAMP V T S LIU MT T KHU VC VIT NAM V CC VNG LN CN Chuyờn ngnh: Vt lý a cu Mó s: 62 44 01 11 LUN N TIN S VT Lí NGI HNG DN KHOA HC: PGS TS H DUYấN CHU TS Lấ HUY MINH H Ni - 2015 Footer Page of 148 Header Page of 148 LI CAM OAN Tụi xin cam oan õy l cụng trỡnh nghiờn cu ca riờng tụi Cỏc s liu, kt qu nghiờn cu lun ỏn l trung thc v cha tng c cụng b di bt k hỡnh thc no Tỏc gi lun ỏn Lờ Trng Thanh Footer Page of 148 Header Page of 148 Li cm n Lun ỏn c hon thnh ti Phũng a t - Vin Vt lý a cu, di s hng dn khoa hc ca PGS TS H Duyờn Chõu v TS Lờ Huy Minh NCS xin c by t lũng bit n sõu sc n cỏc thy hng dn ó tn tỡnh ch bo, quan tõm giỳp , ng viờn ht lũng thi gian lm lun ỏn ny NCS xin chõn thnh cm n TS Yves Cohen, TS Doumouya, TS Mazaudier Christine ó úng gúp ý kin khoa hc v xõy dng cu trỳc ca lun ỏn cng nh cung cp s liu v ti liu tham kho hon thnh lun ỏn ny NCS xin chõn thnh cỏm n ban Lónh o, Hi ng Khoa hc Vin Vt lý a cu v Vin Vt lý a cu Paris ó quan tõm v to mi iu kin cho chỳng tụi c hc v nõng cao trỡnh v ngoi nc NCS xin chõn thnh cm n th phũng a t, phũng Qun lý tng hp, cỏc ng nghip v bn bố Vin Vt lý a cu c bit l cỏc ng nghip cỏc i a t ó quan tõm, giỳp quý bỏu v hiu qu quỏ trỡnh thu thp s liu cng nh hon thin lun ỏn Cỏm n s h tr ca cỏc ti C bn mó s: 105.01.42.09 v 105.99.74.09; chng trỡnh hp tỏc: Nghiờn cu Vt lý a cu mi quan h Mt Tri - Trỏi t, nghiờn cu trng t Vit Nam (PICS 3366) gia Vin Vt lý a cu H Ni (Vit Nam) v Trung tõm nghiờn cu mụi trng Trỏi t v cỏc Hnh Tinh (Phỏp) NCS trõn trng cỏm n nhng s giỳp quý bỏu ny H Ni, ngy thỏng nm 2015 NCS Lờ Trng Thanh Footer Page of 148 Header Page of 148 i MC LC Trang DANH MC CC Kí HIU, CC CH VIT TT iv DANH MC CC BNG iv DANH MC CC HèNH V v M U 1 Tớnh cp thit ca lun ỏn 2 Mc tiờu ca lun ỏn Nhim v ca lun ỏn i tng nghiờn cu v phm vi nghiờn cu Nhng lun im bo v Nhng im mi ca lun ỏn C s ti liu v phng phỏp nghiờn cu í ngha khoa hc v thc tin Cu trỳc ca lun ỏn 10 Kt qu liờn quan n lun ỏn ó c cụng b CHNG 1: TNG QUAN V NGHIấN CU DềNG IN XCH O, T TRNG BèNH THNG V S LIU NGHIấN CU 1.1 Mt s kt qu nghiờn cu v EEJ v ngoi nc 1.1.1 Mt s kt qu nghiờn cu EEJ trờn th gii 1.1.2 Mt s kt qu nghiờn cu EEJ ti Vit Nam 16 1.1.3 Mt s mụ hỡnh biu din EEJ 19 1.2 V nghiờn cu TTBT cho khu vc Vit Nam v lõn cn 20 1.2.1 Mt s mụ hỡnh TTBT cho khu vc Vit Nam v lõn cn 20 1.2.2 S dng phng phỏp SCHA tớnh TTBT cho mt khu vc 23 1.3 S liu phc v nghiờn cu 26 1.3.1 Quan sỏt trng t bng cỏc v tinh 26 1.3.2 V tinh CHAMP 29 Footer Page of 148 1.3.2.1 Mc ớch v nhim v ca v tinh CHAMP 29 1.3.2.2 Cỏc thụng s chớnh ca v tinh CHAMP 30 Header Page of 148 ii 1.3.2.3 T k o ba thnh phn trng t 31 1.3.2.4 T k o trng t tng 32 1.3.3 S liu trng t trờn v tinh CHAMP 33 1.3.4 S liu trng t ti cỏc i a t 37 Kt lun chng 39 CHNG 2: S HèNH THNH DềNG IN XCH O V PHNG PHP PHN TCH IU HềA CHM CU 2.1 dn tng in ly v s hỡnh thnh dũng in xớch o 41 41 2.1.1 dn tng in ly vựng v thp v trung bỡnh 41 2.1.2 S hỡnh thnh dũng in xớch o 45 2.2 Mụ hỡnh thc nghim v dũng in xớch o 48 2.2.1 Mụ hỡnh EEJ ca Fambitakoye 48 2.2.2 Mụ hỡnh 3EM 51 2.2.2.1 Hm bin thiờn theo v ca EEJ - hm j(x) 52 2.2.2.2 Hm bin thiờn theo thi gian ca EEJ - hm G(t) 54 2.2.2.3 Bin thiờn theo kinh ca EEJ 56 2.2.2.4 Hm bin thiờn theo kinh , v v thi gian ca EEJ- hm j(x,,t) 2.2.3 Tớnh cỏc thnh phn ca trng t EEJ gõy 2.3 Phng phỏp phõn tớch iu hũa chm cu SCHA 57 57 59 2.3.1 Khai trin a thc Legendre 61 2.3.2 Tớnh cỏc thnh phn ca trng t 63 2.3.3 Phng phỏp nghch o s liu 65 Kt lun chng 66 CHNG 3: DềNG IN XCH O T S LIU V TINH CHAMP V T CC I A T 3.1 Phng phỏp tỏch trng t EEJ gõy t s liu v tinh CHAMP 67 67 3.1.1 La chn s liu v tinh CHAMP 68 3.1.2 Tỏch trng t chớnh v lc nhiu 69 3.1.3 Tỏch phn trng t EEJ gõy t phn trng d 72 Footer Page of 148 Header Page of 148 iii 3.2 Kt qu tớnh trng t EEJ gõy tớnh t s liu CHAMP 82 3.2.1 Biờn trng t EEJ gõy 82 3.2.2 Mt dũng in ti tõm ca EEJ 86 3.2.3 Phõn b v trớ tõm ca EEJ ti cỏc kinh tuyn khỏc 89 3.3 So sỏnh vi mt dũng EEJ tớnh t s liu i a t 90 3.3.1 Tớnh trng t EEJ gõy t s liu i a t 90 3.3.2 Mt dũng in ti tõm ca EEJ tớnh t s liu i a t 94 3.3.3 So sỏnh mt dũng EEJ tớnh t s liu CHAMP v i a t 95 3.4 Bin thiờn theo ca EEJ 98 3.5 Bin thiờn theo hot ng Mt Tri ca EEJ 102 3.6 Mụ hỡnh húa EEJ t s liu v tinh CHAMP 104 3.6.1 Mụ hỡnh húa cỏc thnh phn trng t EEJ gõy 104 3.6.2 So sỏnh kt qu tớnh mụ hỡnh v s liu thu c t CHAMP 109 Kt lun chng 111 CHNG 4: TRNG T BèNH THNG KHU VC VIT NAM V LN CN T S LIU V TINH CHAMP 4.1 Kt qu tớnh TTBT cho khu vc Vit Nam v lõn cn 114 115 4.1.1 La chn s liu CHAMP v tin x lý 115 4.1.2 TTBT cho khu vc Vit Nam v lõn cn 117 4.1.3 So sỏnh vi trng t chớnh tớnh t mụ hỡnh IGRF 127 4.2 ỏnh giỏ sai s xỏc nh TTBT 127 4.3 D thng t khu vc Vit Nam v lõn cn 129 Kt lun chng 133 KT LUN 135 KIN NGH 137 Ti liu tham kho 138 Footer Page of 148 Header Page of 148 iv DANH MC CC Kí HIU, CC CH VIT TT BC Cụng nguyờn EEJ Dũng in xớch o IGRF Mụ hỡnh trng a t chun ton cu NCS Nghiờn cu sinh nnk Nhng ngi khỏc RMS lch bỡnh phng trung bỡnh SCHA Phõn tớch iu hũa chm cu SHA Phõn tớch iu hũa cu TTBT T trng bỡnh thng WMM Mụ hỡnh trng t ton cu NEC H ta Bc- ụng- Trung tõm DANH MC CC BNG Bng 1.1: Giỏ tr na b rng (a) v mt dũng (j0) ti cỏc gi a phng khỏc (Theo Fambitakoye v Mayaud, [43-46]) Bng 1.2: Mt s v tinh o c trng a t Bng 1.3: Tng hp s liu trng t thu c trờn v tinh CHAMP Bng 3.1: S liu v tinh CHAMP s dng nghiờn cu v EEJ Bng 3.2: Bc ca a thc v lch bỡnh phng trung bỡnh tớnh giỏ tr trung bỡnh nm trng t EEJ gõy t s liu CHAMP Bng 3.3: Cỏc cp i a t c s dng nghiờn cu v EEJ (ta a t tớnh theo niờn i 2005.0) Bng 3.4: Giỏ tr j0 trung bỡnh nm tớnh t s liu CHAMP v t s liu i a t cho nm v chờnh lch j0 gia chỳng Bng 3.5: Giỏ tr j0 ti v trớ cỏc i a t vo cỏc khỏc me Bng 4.1: Cỏc h s g me k , h k ng vi phn trng ngoi Bng 4.2: lch bỡnh phng trung bỡnh RMS ng vi cỏc Kint khỏc mi Bng 4.3: Cỏc h s g mi k , h k ng vi phn trng bờn Footer Page of 148 Header Page of 148 v DANH MC CC HèNH V Hỡnh 1.1: V trớ ca xớch o t v vựng chu nh hng mnh ca dũng in xớch o trờn ton cu (Theo Nguyn Th Kim Thoa v nnk, [15]) Hỡnh 1.2: Bin thiờn thnh phn nm ngang H (hỡnh trỏi) v thnh phn thng ng Z (hỡnh phi) EEJ gõy ti khu vc Chõu Phi ngy 27/2/1993 (Theo Doumouya et al., [35]) Hỡnh 1.3: Mt dũng EEJ tớnh t s liu v tinh ỉrsted ti cỏc kinh tuyn khỏc (Theo Jadhav et al., [61]) Hỡnh 1.4: Mt dũng EEJ tớnh t s liu v tinh CHAMP ti cỏc kinh tuyn khỏc (du +) v giỏ tr trung bỡnh (ng nột lin m gia) (Theo Lỹhr et al., [71]) Hỡnh 1.5: S bin i theo kinh tuyn ca mt dũng EEJ tớnh t s liu v tinh CHAMP (ng nột t) v tc giú theo mụ hỡnh GSWM2 (ng lin nột) xuõn phõn (trỏi) v ụng (phi) (Theo Alken et al., [23]) Hỡnh 1.6: S dch chuyn ca xớch o t xỏc nh t s liu quan trc thnh phn thng ng (Z) phớa nam Vit Nam (Theo Trng Quang Ho v Lờ Huy Minh, [5]) Hỡnh 1.7: TTBT niờn i 2000.0 thu c ti Nam M vi thnh phn H (hỡnh trỏi) v thnh phn Z (hỡnh phi) (Theo Kotzộ v Haak, [64]) Hỡnh 1.8: Mụ hỡnh v v trớ lp t cỏc thit b o trng t trờn v tinh CHAMP Hỡnh 1.9: B cm bin ca t k fluxgate o ba thnh phn ca trng t Hỡnh 1.10: B cm bin ca t k proton o trng tng Hỡnh 1.11: S quỏ trỡnh lu tr v x lý s liu v tinh CHAMP Hỡnh 1.12: Qu o v tinh CHAMP ngy 5/7/2001 Hỡnh 1.13: cao qu o v tinh CHAMP theo thi gian (t 7/2001-12/2007) Hỡnh 1.14: Giỏ tr trung bỡnh gi thnh phn (H) cho tng nm ti sỏu i a t (a:ti BCL; b:ti PHU; c:ti AAE; d:ti QSB; e:ti HUA; f:ti FUQ) Hỡnh 2.1: S thay i theo chiu cao ca cỏc dn // , P v H (S/m) (Theo Richmond, [96]) Footer Page of 148 Header Page 10 of 148 vi Hỡnh 2.2: C ch vt lý to dũng in xớch o mt phng xớch o t Hỡnh 2.3: S di dũng EEJ tớnh trng t dũng in I(x) gõy Hỡnh 2.4: Thnh phn H v Z EEJ gõy t s liu ghi c (du sao), tớnh t mụ hỡnh (ng nột lin) v giỏ tr lch (ng nột lin mnh vi cỏc giỏ tr m khỏc a) m=0; b) m=1; c) m=2 (Theo Fambitakoye, [43]) Hỡnh 2.5: Bin thiờn theo v ca Sq(H) nhng ngy trng t yờn tnh (chm trũn) ng trung bỡnh nột lin di l trng Sq ton cu, ng nột t biu din giỏ tr ni suy ca Sq vựng xớch o (Theo Onwumechili v Agu, [85] Hỡnh 2.6: Xỏc nh cỏc thụng s ca EEJ (H0 l biờn thnh phn H tõm ca EEJ) t cỏc bin thiờn theo v ca H v Z ca mt di dũng cú phõn b parabol (m=2) Hỡnh 2.7: S s bin i ca nng ca cỏc ion lp E ca tng in ly theo thi gian a phng (Theo Heelis, [58]) Hỡnh 2.8: Hm phõn b G(t) ph thuc vo gi a phng (t) vi cỏc giỏ tr tm khỏc (T = 12gi) Hỡnh 2.9: Hm Legendre liờn kt m=1 v gii hn ti 0= 400 ng vi k khỏc (Dựng chun húa kiu Schmidt) Hỡnh 3.1: Phn trng d (Fres) sau tr i phn trng chớnh ti cỏc kinh tuyn khỏc (Mt vi lỏt ct s liu thỏng 1/2002) Hỡnh 3.2: Lc nhiu chu k nh phn trng d (ng mu l trng d, mu en l trng ó lc vi a thc bc 60) Hỡnh 3.3: Biờn ca nhiu (nT) lc bng a thc bc cao Hỡnh 3.4: Tỏch phn trng t EEJ gõy t phn trng d Fres (Theo Cain v Sweeney, [30]) Hỡnh 3.5: Vớ d vic s dng a thc tỏch phn trng t EEJ gõy Hỡnh 3.6: Xp x trng bng cỏc a thc cú bc khỏc (ng mu xanh nc bin l phn trng d cha EEJ, mu xanh lỏ cõy l a thc bc 6, mu l a thc bc 8) Footer Page 10 of 148 Header Page 147 of 148 134 l RMS-X=4.2nT; RMS-Y=4.8nT; RMS-Z=5.4nT v t s liu thu c ti trm Phỳ Thy l X= 1.3nT; Y= -2.4nT; Z= -2.8nT; ti Bc Liờu l: X= 2.7nT; Y= -3.2nT; Z= -3.5nT, cỏc giỏ tr ny l khỏ nh Tng sai s ca mụ hỡnh TTBT ny nh hn 39nT, sai s ny khỏ nh v l c trng cho cỏc mụ hỡnh TTBT lp cho mi khu vc Khi so sỏnh TTBT ny vi mụ hỡnh IGRF-11 thỡ nhn thy rng TTBT tớnh bng phng phỏp SCHA khỏ tng ng vi cỏc phng phỏp khỏc v ngoi nú cũn biu din c phn trng cú ngun gc nm v Trỏi t gõy m vi mụ hỡnh IGRF ó khụng th hin c D thng t thu c cú biờn nh cao qu o v tinh nhng phn nh khỏ tt nhng d thng t ln khu vc nh ranh gii tip xỳc gia cỏc mng thch quyn hoc nhng bazan ln Footer Page 147 of 148 Header Page 148 of 148 135 KT LUN V KIN NGH Kt lun Kt qu lun ỏn tin s: Nghiờn cu dũng in xớch o (EEJ) t s liu v tinh CHAMP v t s liu mt t khu vc Vit Nam v cỏc vựng lõn cn, ngoi vic ó nghiờn cu v EEJ v nhng bin i ca nú khu vc cng nh trờn ton cu da trờn s liu thu c trờn v tinh CHAMP v s liu t cỏc i a t trờn mt t, quỏ trỡnh thc hin nhu cu cp thit ca thc t, lun ỏn ny cũn ỏp dng phng phỏp phõn tớch iu hũa chm cu mụ hỡnh húa trng t bỡnh thng cho khu vc Vit Nam v lõn cn da trờn s liu v tinh CHAMP T kt qu ca nghiờn cu ny, chỳng tụi rỳt mt s kt lun chớnh sau: Vic s dng cỏc a thc cú bc thay i t 6-12 tựy thuc vo cỏc lỏt ct s liu khỏc ó cho phộp tỏch c phn trng t EEJ gõy t s liu CHAMP Biờn ca trng t EEJ gõy tớnh t s liu v tinh CHAMP cho nm s liu (2002 - 2007) nm khong t 20nT n 67nT, tựy thuc vo v trớ kinh tuyn khỏc v ti cỏc thi gian khỏc giỏ tr ny cng khỏc Biờn trng t EEJ gõy t kt qu nghiờn cu ny ó cao hn nghiờn cu ca Doumouya khong 4nT v ti cỏc khu vc cú biờn EEJ thp (i Tõy Dng, vựng trung tõm Thỏi Bỡnh Dng v Nam M) ó cú s phõn b theo kinh tuyn liờn tc hn m m bo xut hin cỏc vựng EEJ cú biờn ln (ti Chõu , Nam M) Qua tớnh toỏn nm s liu, cú th khng nh EEJ tớnh t CHAMP ti vựng kinh tuyn qua Vit Nam (1050E) l ln nht Mt dũng ca EEJ trờn ton cu tớnh t s liu v tinh CHAMP bin i t 40 A/km n 140 A/km EEJ cng th hin bin thiờn theo rừ rt, vo hố v phõn im tn ti nh cc i v nh cc tiu EEJ trờn ton cu Nhng vo ụng EEJ ch tn ti nh cc i v nh cc tiu, cc i qua kinh tuyn 1350W l ln nht Mt dũng in ca EEJ tớnh t s liu cỏc i a t bin thiờn theo thi gian t l vi s vt en Mt Tri, vi nm Mt Tri hot ng mnh thỡ mt dũng EEJ ln hn so vi nhng nm Mt Tri hot ng yu Tuy nhiờn, vi s liu v tinh CHAMP thỡ khụng hon ton nh vy trờn ton kinh tuyn Footer Page 148 of 148 Header Page 149 of 148 136 p dng mụ hỡnh kiu 3ME cho s liu thu c trờn CHAMP cho phộp chỳng ta cú cỏi nhỡn tng quan v EEJ bin i theo kinh tuyn, v tuyn v theo thi gian a phng trờn ton cu Vi lch bỡnh phng trung bỡnh (RMS) gia mụ hỡnh lý thuyt v s liu o c nh hn 5.4nT trờn ton b s liu l khỏ nh Trong nghiờn cu ny cng tớnh TTBT cho khu vc Vit Nam v lõn cn niờn i 2007.0 s dng s liu trng t thu c trờn v tinh CHAMP bng phng phỏp phõn tớch iu hũa chm cu Vi s la chn mt s tham s chớnh nh: gúc chm cu 0=200, v trớ tõm chm cu v trớ (50N - 1100E), h s Kint = cho phn trng t cú ngun gc bờn Trỏi t, Kext=2 cho phn trng t ca cỏc h dũng bờn ngoi Trỏi t gõy Kt qu mụ hỡnh húa cho thy cỏc thnh phn ca TTBT tớnh bng phng phỏp SCHA khỏ tng ng vi cỏc phng phỏp khỏc v ngoi nú cũn biu din c phn trng cú ngun gc nm v Trỏi t gõy m vi mụ hỡnh IGRF ó khụng th hin c Tng sai s ca mụ hỡnh TTBT ny nh hn 39nT lch bỡnh phng trung bỡnh gia giỏ tr tớnh t mụ hỡnh v giỏ tr t trng thu c trờn v tinh cho cỏc thnh phn X,Y,Z l RMS-X=4.2nT; RMS-Y=4.8nT; RMS-Z=5.4nT v vi s liu thu c ti trm Phỳ Thy l X=1.3nT; Y=-2.4nT; Z=-2.8nT; ti Bc Liờu l: X=1.7nT; Y=2.1nT; Z= -3.0nT, cỏc giỏ tr ny l khỏ nh v chp nhn c cho mụ hỡnh TTBT D thng t tớnh t s liu CHAMP cú biờn khỏ nh ch khong 10nT tớnh ti cao trung bỡnh 350km nhng nú phn ỏnh khỏ tt nhng nhng d thng t ln khu vc nh ranh gii tip xỳc gia cỏc mng thch quyn hoc nhng bazan ln Footer Page 149 of 148 Header Page 150 of 148 137 KIN NGH Lun ỏn mi ch yu s dng s liu trng t thu c trờn v tinh CHAMP nghiờn cu v EEJ trờn ton cu v tớnh TTBT cho khu vc Vit nam, quỏ trỡnh tớnh toỏn v x lý s liu, tỏc gi cú mt s kin ngh sau: Cn tip tc nghiờn cu v gii thớch s tn ti nh cc tr ca EEJ ti vựng kinh tuyn qua khu vc Vit Nam nh: thu thp v s dng thờm s liu ti cỏc i a t hay trờn v tinh Swarm; s dng nhng mụ hỡnh ton cu ỏnh giỏ nh hng ca cỏc quỏ trỡnh in ng lc hc tng in ly n h dũng in ny Cn ỏp dng phng phỏp SCHA vi t hp s liu nh s liu cỏc i a t, s liu cỏc im o lp, s liu t hng khụng, trờn bin nõng cao tin cy cỏc bn TTBT NCS hy vng s tip tc hng nghiờn cu ny hon thin hn nhng nghiờn cu ca mỡnh thi gian ti Footer Page 150 of 148 Header Page 151 of 148 138 TI LIU THAM KHO Ting Vit H Duyờn Chõu, V mt thut toỏn tớnh trng bỡnh thng cho phn phớa bc Vit Nam niờn i 1973.0, Tuyn cỏc cụng trỡnh nghiờn cu ca Vin cỏc khoa hc v Trỏi t nm 1977-1978, 1979, trang 153-170, H Ni H Duyờn Chõu, D Gilbert, Bn t trng bỡnh thng lónh th Vit Nam (phn t lin) niờn i 1997.5, Tp cỏc khoa hc v Trỏi t, 1999, 21(4), trang 241-253 Nguyn Vn Ging, Mt s c im cu trỳc ca trng a t trờn lónh th Vit Nam, Lun ỏn phú tin s khoa hc k thut, 1988, H Ni Trng Quang Ho v nnk, Bỏo cỏo kt qu thnh lp bn cỏc yu t a t mt t Vit Nam niờn i 1975.5, Tuyn cỏc cụng trỡnh khoa hc ca Trung tõm nghiờn cu Vt lý a cu, 1984, (1985-1986), trang 65-69 Trng Quang Ho, Lờ Huy Minh, Mt s c im ca trng a t bin thiờn Vit Nam, Tp cỏc khoa hc v Trỏi t, 1987, 9(1), trang 7-13 Trng Quang Ho, Xỏc nh mt vi thụng s ca dũng in xớch o Vit Nam, Tp cỏc khoa hc v Trỏi t, 1998, 7, trang 12- 19 Trng Quang Ho, Lng Vn Trng, Dũng in xớch o v s phõn b bin thiờn trng a t trờn lónh th Vit Nam, Bỏo cỏo khoa hc ti hi ngh Vt lý ton quc, 2001, H Ni ng Vn Hng, Kt qu mụ hỡnh húa trng in t ca vũng in xớch o theo tham s a in Vit Nam, Cỏc cụng trỡnh Khoa hc ca Trung tõm nghiờn cu Vt lý a cu, 1985, 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