English verbs for lower secondary students

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English verbs for lower secondary students

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ENGLISH VERB TENSES TIME and ASPECT = MEANING There are three times that can be indicated by verb tenses in English: • • • present (or "non-past" the "default" time) past future These times refer to the relationship of the "story" to the speaker (or writer) There are three "aspects" that can be expressed: • • • simple (the "default" aspect the time of focus) perfect (completion before the time of focus) progressive (or continuous) (duration in progress at the time of focus) (one verb phrase can indicate both perfect and progressive aspect) These aspects refer to the relationship between the events inside the "story." These three times and aspects (four, including perfect progressive) can be combined into 12 "verb tenses:" The verb tense is also affected by the meaning of individual verbs (lexical aspect), by time expressions, and psychological factors, but the basic idea is as described above ENGLISH VERB TENSES FORMS of the VERB There are theoretically forms of the verb in English: V Vs Ved V ("no-s" form) ("s"-form) We like pizza I eat pizza I am/ they are hungry (simple present) He likes pizza She eats pizza He is hungry ("past" form) They liked pizza She ate pizza He was/they were hungry (simple past) (simple or "dictionary" form) like eat be (require auxiliaries to form finite verb phrases) Ving ( "-ing form" or present participle) liking eating being Vdtn liked eaten been ( past participle) For most verbs the "no-s" form and the simple form are identical in form All verbs form the "s-form" and the "ing-form" predictably from this simple form For "regular" verbs, the past and past participle forms are the same, and are formed by adding "ed" to the simple form So, if you learn the spelling rules for adding "s" "ed" and "ing" to the simple form of verbs, and memorize three forms of "irregular" verbs: the simple form * * the past form * * the past participle you will be able to form all of the verb forms THÌ ĐỘNG TỪ ENGLISH VERB FUNCTION Vo V1 INFINITIVE PRESENT V2 PAST V3 - PERFECT - PASSIVE V-ing - GERUND - CONTINUOUS I/ THÌ = THỜI GIAN + PHƯƠNG THỨC HÀNH ĐỘNG (TENSE = TIME + ASPECT) - Thời gian (time) có khoảng: khứ (past) - (present) – tương lai (future) - Phương thức hành động có kiểu: 1- Kiểu giản đơn (simple): đề cập đến hành động khoảng thời gian khơng nói chi tiết hành động a- Simple present tense: S + V1 / S + - does not Vo - Eg: He is busy He _ (go) to school every day “is” V1 Be nên ta khẳng định thời gian “every day” cho thấy hành động thường xảy thiết xảy lúc phát ngôn nên câu đề cập hành động Thì đơn đề cập hành động thời gian khơng nói rõ hành động xảy hay không, xong hay chưa Nó thường sử dụng cho thói quen, kiện quan trọng, định lý định luật b- Simple past tense: S + V2 / S + did not + Vo - Eg: He (go) to the zoo yesterday “yesterday” có nghĩa hành động xảy thời gian khứ Trong câu khơng cịn từ khác nói chi tiết hành động Như vậy, câu đề cập hành động mà thơi Thì q khứ đơn đề cập hành động thời gian khứ Những hành động xong hồn tồn, xảy lần, khơng cịn vương vấn đến c- Simple future tense: S + will + Vo / S + will not + Vo - Eg: She (go) to Vung Tau next Sunday “next Sunday” có nghĩa thời gian tương lai Trong câu khơng cịn chi tiết khác hành động Như vậy, câu đề cập hành động thời gian tương lai Thì tương lai đơn đề cập hành động thời gian tương lai khơng nói rõ xảy - CHÚ Ý MỆNH ĐỀ THỜI GIAN: Mệnh đề thời gian bắt đầu when, as, until, before, after, as soon as, if Mệnh đề hiểu “hành động làm nền” cho hành động khác xảy tương lai Do đó, động từ mệnh đề chia (đơn hoàn thành) Eg: When he tomorrow, she will be happy (come) VẤN ĐỀ LỚN: ta không học “thấy every, often, always … dùng đơn” “thấy yesterday, last, ago dùng khứ đơn” Những từ cụm từ góp phần tạo nên khơng phải định - Eg: She often _ (cry) when she was young 2- Kiểu tiếp diễn/ liên tiến (continuous): nói rõ hành động xảy khoảng thời gian a- Present continuous tense: S + am – is – are + V-ing -Eg: She (dance) now Từ “now” có nghĩa “bây giờ” tức hành động diễn tiến có phát ngơn Đáp án: is dancing VẤN ĐỀ LỚN: không kết luận thấy “now” ta dùng tiếp diễn Ta xem ví dụ sau: -Eg: She _ (want) a cake now Vấn đề ta có thấy hành động “want” khơng? “want” suy nghĩ đầu, thể hành vi cử khác Như từ “now” có ý nghĩa thời gian mà b- Past continuous tense: S + was/ were + V-ing - Eg: She _ (work) at 15:30 yesterday Từ “yesterday” cho biết thời gian khứ Cụm từ “at 15:30” nói rõ ta thấy cô ta lúc 15:30, cô “đang làm việc” Như hành động xảy khứ Đáp án: was working - Eg: When I came, she (sing) Từ “came” cho biết thời gian khứ Ta suy nghĩ “sing” Đây hành động ta nghe nhìn thấy Điều có nghĩa là: đến, thấy cô hát thi tơi thuật lại câu Trong câu có liên quan q khứ, tốt nên dịch: - Eg: When I came, she _ (open) the gate 3- Kiểu hoàn thành (perfect): hành động bắt đầu xảy trước khoảng thời gian nêu * Present perfect tense: S + have/ has + V3 - Eg: She looks tired She (work) hard recently Ta thấy từ “looks” V1 tức bối cảnh câu Từ “recently” có nghĩa “vừa mới” Ta hiểu câu trước cô mệt cô làm việc nặng “work” xảy trước “looks” tức trước VẤN ĐỀ LỚN: Cả hai hồn thành khứ đơn dịch “đã làm” tiếng Việt Ta cần phân biệt khứ đơn “đã xong chấm dứt, dĩ vãng” cịn hồn thành “cho tới bây giờ, hành động xảy nào” Eg: Uncle Ho in Paris for years (live) 4- Kiểu hoàn thành tiếp diễn: hành động bắt đầu trước thời điểm đó, kéo dài liên tục đến thời điểm đó, cịn tiếp diễn thời điểm * Present perfect continuous tense: S + have/ has + been + V-ing - Eg: It’s raining It _ since 2:30 (rain) THỂ ĐỘNG TỪ I/ Phân loại động từ: - Động từ thường (ordinary verb) tiếng Anh chia thành hai loại: 1- Động từ có hành động: go, dance, sing, run … 2- Động từ khơng có hành động: feel, be, look, seem… - Loại động từ có hành động chia làm hai loại nữa: 1a- Động từ hướng ngoại (transitive verb): hành động phát phải có đối tượng tiếp nhận Ví dụ: buy st, see sb, eat st … 1b- Động từ hướng nội (intransitive verb): hành động phát khơng cần đối tượng tiếp nhận Ví dụ: go, run, walk… II/ Câu chủ động câu bị động: - Câu chủ động: chủ từ tạo hành động - Câu bị động: chủ từ tiếp nhận hành động Kết hợp kiến thức (I) (II) ta thấy có động từ hướng ngoại bị động III/ Thể bị động: - Form: S + be + V3 Trong thể bị động “be” động từ Như vậy, hay dạng “be” phải trùng với dạng động từ câu chủ động Một động từ có cột Vo – V1 – V2 – V3 – Ving “be” có cột be/to be – am/ is/ are – was/ were – been – being Ta đổi thử câu sau sang bị động: Mary eats this cake “This cake” tiếp nhận hành động nên chủ ngữ câu bị động Động từ “eats” V1 nên “be” “is” hợp với chủ từ “ cake” Ta có: This cake is eaten by Mary (Từ “by” có nghĩa “bởi”) Ta thử cho dạng động từ câu sau: Eg: This floor (clean) now ĐỘNG TỪ CỐ ĐỊNH (VERBAL) I/ Preposition + Ving / For Sb + to Vo/ Of Sb + to Vo II/ V + V: 1- Sb + enjoy/ practice/ finish + Ving 2- Sb + want/ would like/ would love/ need + to Vo 3- Stop + Ving/ to Vo (with difference in meaning) 4- Remember/ Forget/ Try + V-ing/ to Vo (with difference in meaning) 5- Help + (Sb) + to Vo/ Vo (without difference in meaning) 6- Love/ like/ hate/ begin/ continue/ start + V-ing/ to Vo (with little difference in meaning) 7- Need/ Want + V-ing = Need/ Want + to be + V3 8- Feel like +V-ing III/ Will – would – can – could – may – might – must – should + Vo IV/ Have/ has: 1- Have/ has + V3 (present perfect tense) 2- Have/ has/ had + to + Vo (obligation) V/ Used: 1- S + used (modal) + to Vo 2- S + be/get/feel … + used (adj) + to + Ving VI/ Adj + V / Noun + V: 1- Most adj + to Vo 2- Busy/ near/ worth + Ving 3- N + Ving phrase (active) / N + V3 phrase (passive) VII/ Time: 1- spend/ have/ waste + time + Ving 2- take/ takes/ took + Sb + time + to Vo VIII/ Absolute structures: 1- Have difficulty + V-ing 2- It’s no use + V-ing 3- Can’t help/ can’t stand + V-ing 4- Have + Sb + Vo = get + Sb + to Vo (causative form) 5- Have + St + V3 (passive causative) 6- See/ watch/ notice/ hear + Sb + V-ing/ Vo (with difference in meaning) 7- Taste/ smell + St + V-ing 8- Let + Sb + Vo 9- Make Sb + Vo = Force Sb + to Vo 10- 99% of V + Sb + to Vo RELAXATION I QuiNhon University A am attending B attend C was attending D attended He has been selling motorcycles A ten years ago B since ten years C for ten years ago D for ten years Columbus America more than 400 years ago A discovered B has discovered C had discovered D he has gone We there when our father died A, still lived B lived still C was still D were still living I to New York three times this year A have been B was C were D had been I’ll come and see you before I for America A leave B will leave C have left D shall leave John a book when I saw him A is reading B read C was readingD reading He said he return later A will B would C can D would be I have been waiting for you A since early morning B since a.m C for two hours D all are correct 10 My sister for you since yesterday A is looking B was looking C has been looking D looked 11 The train half an hour ago A has been leaving B left C has left D had left 12 Jack the door A has just opened B open C will opened D opening 13 When I last saw him, he in London A has lived B is living C was living D has been living 14 We Mr Dong since Sunday A don’t see B haven’t seen C didn’t see D hadn’t seen 15 He will take the dog out for a walk as soon as he his work A finish B finishes C will finish D shall have finished 16 I any difficult so far A don’t have B aren’t having C haven’t had D didn’t have 17 People English and French in Canada A speak B have spoken C had spoken D are speaking 18 Last week My professor promised that he today A would come B will come C comes D coming 19 The population of the world very fast A rise B rises C is rising D are rising 20 He his job last month and since then he out of work A has lost \ is B had lost\was C lost\ has been D lost\had been 21 Ask her come and see me when she her work A finish B has finished C finished D finishing 22 Oil if you pour it on water A float B floats C will be float D floated 23 Since , I have heard nothing from him A he had left B he left C he has left D he was left 24 “ How are you feeling?” “ I’ve been feeling better since ” A The doctor has come B The doctor will come C the doctor comes D the doctor came 25 “What did you last night?” “I watched TV, practised the violin, and my homework?” A made B C done D did 26 Did you say that you here only three days ago.? A Came B have come C had come D come 27 I haven’t heard from Maria A since many months before B for many months C For many months ago D since a long time 28 This book is so long that I A haven’t finished yet B haven’t finished it already C still haven finished it D still haven’t finished it already 29 I enjoy to the park on summer evenings A to go B going C being gone D go 30 Jane should seriously consider an actress She is a very talented performer A to become B become C becoming D will become 31 television to the exclusion of all other activities is not a healthy habit for a growing child A to be watchB being watched C watching D watch 32 He fell down when he towards the church A Run B runs C was running D had run 33 Every student to finish this test in 45’ A having B had C have D has 34 I think you’d rather to the mountain for your holiday A to go B going C go D have gone 35 She stopped him home by hiding the car key A not drive B not to drive C to drive D from driving 36 Mr Ba is a worker but he has a large family A to support B for supporting C support D to be supporting 37 Do you know our town at all? No, this is the first time I here A was B Have been C came D am coming 38 What happened in that new area? New houses recently over there A are built B build C have built D have been built 39 The teacher told us that Watt the steam engine A invented B has invented C Had invented D has been inventing 40 The police for the thief everywhere when he suddenly appeared in a theatre A search B have searched C were searching D are searching 41 Are there going to be many people at your party today? We hope that A there will be B there are going C there are D there going to be 42 The red river very fast today-much faster than yesterday A flows B is flowing C will flow D is going to flow 43 Michael, is it true that you married next week? A get B are getting C got D have got 44 We our examination next month A have B shall have C will have had D will be having 45 Look at those clouds! It A is going to rain B will rain C would rain D can rain 46 That computer It broke down this morning A doesn’t work B isn’t working C didn’t work D hasn’t worked 47 I T V at 8.30 last night A watched B was watching C has watched D had watched 48 Mai HCM for five years now A lives B has lived C is living D was living 49 Nora says she’s 17 but I her A don’t believe B didn’t believe C won’t believe D wouldn’t believe 50 I my key Can you help me look for it? A lose B lost C had lost D have lost 51 I enjoy alone A be B being C to be D to have been 52 Would you like to the party? A to come B come C coming D to have come 53 My brother is old enough out by himself A going B Go C to go D to have gone 54.We came her A help B to help C have helpedD helping 55 I’m very glad you A to meet B meet C meeting D to be meeting 56 He can’t live without her A being loved B love C to love D loving 57 I will go with you when I’ve finished my homework A To have done B C doing D to 58 Don’t keep me while I’m talking A Interrupt B to interrupt C interruptingD interrupted 59 My parents don’t let me out alone A go B to go C going D to be going 60 The bus driver was so tired of the same route A to drive B being driven C driving D drive 61 Would you mind not the radio until I’ve finished with this phone call? A turning on B being turned on C to turn on D to be turned on 62 I was enjoying my book, but I stopped a program on T.V A reading to watch B to read to watch C to read for watching D being chosen 63 Jack made me him next week A to promise to call B to promise calling C promise to call D promise calling 64 a foreign language takes a long time A learning B learn C learnt D to learn 65 His parents advised him hard for the exams A study B to study C studied D studying 66 He spent two hours that letter A to write B writes C writing D wrote 67 He is too stupid this problem A solve B solves C to solve D solving 68 It takes her an hour a week the garden A to take care of B take care of C taking care D taken care of 69 It is not easy English fluently A speak B to speak C speaking D spoken 70 I couldn’t help afraid when I was alone in the house A be B being C am D was 71 My brother began ………… last year A works B to work C working D B and C are correct 72 The population of the world … very fast A rises B is rising C will be rising D had risen 73 Her father ………there since 1992 A is working B worked C works D has worked 74 He …….in BinhDinh for 10 years, but now he …… in HCM city A has lived_ is living B lived_ is living C was living_ lives D has lived_ has been living 75 Please don’t make noise! I… A study B am studying C studied D was studying 76- Hoa her parents once a year a- visits b- visited c- is visiting d- visiting 77- Nam to Hoan Kiem Lake now? a- is/going b- do/ go c- is/ go d- does/ going 78- Hoa and Linh often badminton after class because they want to keep health a- plays b- play c- played d- playing 79- I to the theater tomorrow a- go b- will go c- am going d- goes 80- Don’t talk The baby a- is sleeping b- sleeps c- slept d- has slept 81- The book every day It is the best seller a- is reading b- reads c- is read d- was read 82- The song now a- is sung b- is singing c- is being sung d- is being sang 83- The letter last night a- is written b- was written c- is being written d- was being written 84- The house next year a- will build b- will be built c- is built d- is being built 85- The floor tomorrow a- will clean b- will be cleaned c- will being cleanedd- is cleaned 86- He English for years a- has studying b- has studied c- has been studied d- has study 87- He to study English years ago a- has begun b- begins c- began d- beginning 88- She since she 10 a- has danced/ is b- has danced/ was c- has danced/ will be d- has danced/ were 89- They busy last Sunday a- was b- were c- is d- are 90- They busy since last Sunday a- were b- have been c- have had d- were being ... "no-s" form and the simple form are identical in form All verbs form the "s-form" and the "ing-form" predictably from this simple form For "regular" verbs, the past and past participle forms are... and are formed by adding "ed" to the simple form So, if you learn the spelling rules for adding "s" "ed" and "ing" to the simple form of verbs, and memorize three forms of "irregular" verbs: the... "dictionary" form) like eat be (require auxiliaries to form finite verb phrases) Ving ( "-ing form" or present participle) liking eating being Vdtn liked eaten been ( past participle) For most verbs

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