DICTIONARY OF AUTOMOTIVE TERMS

ác doanh nghiệp cơ khí hiện nay đã và đang đòi hỏi ứng viên của mình phải có trình độ giao tiếp tiếng Anh cơ bản và tiếng Anh chuyên ngành để có thể ứng dụng trong việc bóc tách và đọc bản vẽ hoặc chưa kể đến việc phải giao tiếp với sếp hoặc đồng nghiệp là người nước ngoài. Dưới đây là hơn 700 thuật ngữ tiếng Anh chuyên ngành Cơ Khí dưới đây giúp các bạn có thể ứng dụng linh hoạt trong các tình huống cá nhân. Các thuật ngữ đã được sắp xếp theo Alphabet giúp cho việc tra cứu của các bạn thuật tiện hơn. Mời các bạn tham khảo.

For quick access to a word go to ‘insert’, bookmark, type in the word you want, highlight the term, click ‘go to’ DICTIONARY OF AUTOMOTIVE TERMS - "A" • A Abbreviation or symbol for Absorption coefficient, Acceleration, Ampere, Attenuation coefficient, Fine-structure constant, Helmhotz free energy, Magnetic vector potential A-2 tire A term used for tire sizes 16.00 and larger in nominal cross section Also called earthmover, off-road, or off-the-road tire A4R70W Acronym for Automatic Overdrive Electronic AA AAA Wide Ratio Transmission Acronym for Automobile Association a term used in Great Britain Acronym for American Automobile Association AABM Acronym for Association of American Battery Manufacturers, Inc AAC Acronym for Auxiliary Air Control Valve AADT Acronym for Annual Average Daily Traffic a measure of traffic flow AAE Acronym for Association of Automotive Employers (Poland) AAIA Acronym for Automotive Aftermarket Industry Association AALA Acronym for American Automobile Labeling Act AAM Acronym for Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers AAP Acronym for Auxiliary acceleration pump A arm See A-arm A-arm A-arm A Suspension linkage formed in the shape of an A or V found commonly on the Front suspension The sides of the two legs of the A-arm are connected to the Chassis by rubber Bushings and the peak of the Aarm is attached to the wheel assembly In this way, the wheel can freely move up and down Sometimes there is an upper A-arm, a lower A-arm, or both upper and lower A-arms The British call it a wishbone Also See Double Double a-arm wishbone AAS Acronym for Air aspirator system AASHTO Acronym for American Association Highway and Transportation Officials of State AAV Acronym for Anti-Afterburning Valve (Mazda) AAWF Acronym for Annual Average Weekday Flows a measure of traffic flow AAWT Acronym for Annual Average Weekday Traffic -a measure of traffic flow b Symbol for susceptance in an AC circuit (unit is the siemens; measured by the negative of the reactive component of the admittance Symbol for magnetic flux density in a magnetic circuit (unit is the tesla; 1T=1 Wbm -2=1 Vsm-2) B+ BA An acronym for Battery positive voltage used to designate positive voltage at aor near the battery level An abbreviation for British Association which is a term used to describe a series of fine, small diameter threads for electrical and precision equipment Babbitt An Alloy of tin, copper, and antimony having good antifriction properties Used as a facing for bearings Also See Babbitt's metal Babbitt metal See Babbitt Babbitt's metal Babbitt's metal A bearing alloy originally patented by Isaac Babbitt, composed of 50 parts tin, five antimony, and one copper Addition of lead greatly extends range of service Composition varies widely, with tin 5-90%, copper 1.5-6%, antimony 7-10%, lead 5-48.5% Babysitter Colloquial term for a co-signer or co-buyer on an automobile purchase contract Babcock and Wilcox boiler A water-tube boiler consisting in its simplest form of a horizontal drum from which is suspended a pair of headers carrying between them an inclined bank of straight tubes Babo's law The vapor pressure of a liquid is lowered when a nonvolatile substance is dissolved in it, by an amount proportional to the concentration of the solution Baby A small incandescent spotlight used in film and television production Baby seat Baby Seat A specially designed seating device (which is not generally standard equipment) to hold safely very young children (usually under the weight of 10 kilograms) BAC Acronym for Blood Alcohol Content Acronym for bypass air control system Acronym for Bypass air control valve Back A large vat used in various industries, such as dyeing, soap-making, and brewing Also spelled beck Also See Backbone chassis Backbone frame Be Back blowback Feedback Frost Back Kamm back Popping back Spine-back Roll Back Back ampere-turns That part of the armature ampere-turns which produces a direct demagnetizing effect on the main poles Also called demagnetizing ampere-turns Back annealing Controlling the softening of a fully work hardened metal so as to produce the desired degree of temper by partial recrystallization Also See Annealing Temper Back axle The rear axle Back axle ratio See Final drive ratio Back band The outside member of a door or window casing Backbone The major long-distance, multi-channel link in a telecommunication network, from which smaller links branch off Also See Backbone frame Backbone chassis See Backbone frame Backbone frame Backbone Frame A vehicle Frame, having the cross-section of a rectangular box, that runs along the center of the vehicle and occupies the space between the seats This box generally divides at the front, running along each side of the Gearbox and engine up to a crossmember to which the Front suspension pieces are attached At the rear a similar triangular frame encloses the finaldrive housing and provides attaching points for the Rear suspension Lightness combined with high Torsional rigidity are features of this frame design, made famous by Colin Chapman with the Lotus Elan Also See Tubular backbone frame Backbone network A high-capacity computer network that links together other networks of lower capacity Fiber optic cables are often used to form these links Back coupling Any form of coupling which permits the transfer of energy from the output circuit of an amplifier to its input circuit Also See Feedback Back diode See Backward diode Back edging A method of cutting a tile or brick by chipping away the biscuit below the glazed face, the front itself being scribed Back EMF The EMF which arises in an inductance (because of rate of change of current), in an electric motor (because of flux cutting) or in a primary cell (because of polarization), or in a secondary cell (when being charged) Also called counter EMF Back-emf cells Cells connected into an electric circuit in such a way that their emf opposes the flow of current in the circuit Back emission Emission of electrons from the anode Back end When the dealer sends a vehicle purchase contract to the bank for financing, the dealer is given an extra bonus (the back end) from the bank for choosing this bank Backfill Materials used to replace previously excavated material Backfire Passage of unburned fuel mixture into the Exhaust system where it is ignited and causes an Explosion (backfire) prematurely Sometimes Ignition takes place in the Intake manifold by a flame from a Cylinder because the Intake valve leaks Burning of the fuel mixture in the Intake manifold may be caused by faulty Timing, crossed plug wires, leaky Intake valve, etc A welding term referring to a short pop of the torch flame followed by extinguishing of the flame or continued burning of the gasses Backfiring Repeated backfires in the exhaust or the cylinders Backfitting Making changes to nuclear (and other) plants already designed or built, e.g., to cater to changes in safety criteria Back-flap hinge A hinge in two square leaves, screwed to the face of a door which is too thin to permit the use of a butt hinge Backflow scavenging See Loop scavenging Backflushing Pushing fluid in a direction opposite of normal flow This is done for cleaning the engine's cooling system See Flushing the cooling system Back focus The distance between the rear surface of a lens and the image of an object at infinity Back gear A speed-reducing gear fitted to the headstock of a beltdriven metal-turning lathe It consists of a simple layshaft, which may be brought into gear with the coned pulley and mandrel when required Background Extraneous signals arising from any cause which might be confused with the required measurements, e.g., in electrical measurements of nuclear phenomena and of radioactivity, it would include counts emanating from amplifier noise, cosmic rays and insulator leakage Background job A task having a low priority within a multiprogramming system Also See Job queue Background noise Extraneous noise contaminating sound measurements and which cannot be separated from wanted signals For example residual output from microphones, pickups, lines giving a signal-to-noise ratio Also called ground noise Background radiation Radiation coming from sources other than that being observed Background video (BGV) A technique for overlaying video on previously recorded depth multiplex audio Also called video on sound (VOS) Backhand welding Welding in the direction opposite to the direction that the gas flame is pointing Also called backward welding Also See Forehand welding Backheating Excess heating of a cathode due to bombardment by high-energy electrons returning to the cathode In magnetrons, it may be sufficient to keep the cathode at operating temperature without external heating Backing Some material placed on the root side of a weld to aid control of penetration Light-absorbent layer on the rear surface of photographic film or plate to reduce unwanted exposure A meterological term describing the changing of a wind in a counter-clockwise direction Also Veering See Also See Steel backing Backing boards Wedge-shaped wooden boards between which an unbound book is held in the lyingpress, while the joints are being formed for attaching the case Backing pad A rubber disc which is secured to a spindle which in turn is attached to a drill or other tool which rotates the spindle An abrasive disc or polishing disc is secured to the backing pad Backing plate A valve in the hydraulic circuits of a dual brake system that switches on a dash warning light when one system fails Warning signal See Reversing warning signal Warning switch See Hazard warning switch Pressure Differential Warning Switch Warning Switch Assembly See Brake Fluid Level Warning Switch Assembly Differential Pressure Warning Switch Assembly Parking Brake Warning Switch Assembly Warning system See Deflation warning system Talking warning system Warning tracks The little ridges in the road that warn you of an upcoming tollbooth or another lane Sometimes called wake-up bumps or Bot's Dots Mr Bot got very rich off these A part of the race track which is off the main part of the section for driving Warning triangle A triangular red safety reflector that should be carried on all vehicles and be placed at the side of the road to warn of an obstruction ahead, such as a broken-down vehicle Warp A bending or twisting out of shape Threads in cloth that run along the length of the material To bend or twist out of shape Warranty The promise made by both the vehicle manufacturer and the vehicle dealer to fix or replace parts on a new vehicle if there is a malfunction before a specific time or distance has elapsed In some instances some manufacturers or dealers grant warranty even after the expiry of the designated time or distance This is called good will warranty Also See Anti-corrosion warranty Good will warranty Wash See Car wash Window Wash Washboard A road surface which has a series of lateral grooves -usually found on gravel roads and caused by water runoff Also called corrugations Washcoat An oxide layer on the catalyst substrate which increases with the active surface area Washer A flat Disc with a hole in the center It may be made of metal, rubber, plastic, or leather It is often placed under a nut to even out pressure and prevent damage to the part on which it rests Also See air washer Bridge washer Crush washer Cup washer Dish washer Flat washer Helical spring lock washer Open washer Protector washer Slip Washer Spacer Washer Spring lock washer Spring washer Tab washer Thrust washer Windshield washer fluid Windshield washer Washer face A circular rim or boss on the underside of the head of a bolt (i.e., the bearing surface) or on one side of a nut to give a flat surface for the bolt or nut to sit on A smooth washer face takes away any burrs or imperfections caused by the manufacturing process Washer fluid A fluid added to the water in the windshield washer and rear window washer reservoirs/bottles to improve the cleaning action and lower the freezing point Also see Windshield washer fluid Washer pump See Windshield washer pump Wash/wipe See Headlight wash/wipe Rear wash/wipe system Wash/wipe switch A switch on the instrument panel that operates the rear wash/wipe system Wash/wipe system See Windshield wash/wipe system Rear wash/wipe system Waste See Biomass waste Hazardous Wastes Wastegate See Waste gate Waste gate A valve used to limit the boost developed in a turbocharger A waste gate operates by allowing some of the engine's exhaust flow to bypass the turbocharger's Turbine section under certain conditions Also see Electronically-controlled Wastegate Waste materials Otherwise discarded combustible materials that, when burned, produce energy for such purposes as space heating and electric power generation The size of the waste may be reduced by shredders, grinders, or hammermills Noncombustible materials, if any, may be removed The waste may be dried and then burned, either alone or in combination with fossil fuels Waste oil Petroleum-based materials that are worthless for any purpose other than fuel use Waste spark method In distributorless ignition systems, dual-spark coils fire two spark plugs at the same time; one of these sparks is in a cylinder during its exhaust stroke, where the spark has no effect (waste spark); the other spark occurs in the cylinder near the end of the compression stroke Waste tar Petroleum-based materials that are worthless for any purpose other than fuel use Watchdog timer A device that detects controller malfunction and initiates independent action to safely deactivate the equipment operated by the failed controller The device accomplishes failure detection, by monitoring a periodic update signal from the controller, and activation, if this periodic signal does not occur within a specified time period Water See De-ionized water Distilled water Light Water Sweet Water Valve Water Water bar A diversion ditch and/or hump installed across a trail or road to divert runoff from the surface before the flow gains enough volume and velocity to cause soil movement and erosion, and deposit the runoff into a dispersion area Water bars are most frequently used on retired roads, trails, and landings Water column A reference term used in connection with a manometer Water-cooled An engine which is cooled by antifreeze in contrast with an air-cooled engine Water-cooled condenser Heat exchanger designed to transfer heat from hot gaseous refrigerant to water Condensing unit which is cooled through use of water flow Water cooling system The normal cooling system used on most cars and trucks to keep the temperature of the engine down to a desirable level; engine heat is removed via water acting as a coolant which surrounds the cylinders in a water jacket; the system typically includes water passages, coolant pump, thermostat, hoses, and radiator Watercourse A definite channel with bed and banks within which concentrated water flows continuously, frequently or infrequently Water defrosting Use of water to melt ice and frost from evaporator during off-cycle Water extractor See Air transformer Water fade A delay in brake application caused by water contamination that reduces friction between the brake linings and drum or rotor Water gauge A device, often a glass tube, which shows the level of water Water hammer Noise generated by back pressure of water when a valve is closed Water injection In an attempt to improve performance and allow the use of lower octane Gasoline, water injection was developed The cooling of the water vapor charge suppresses Detonation A small amount of water or alcohol-water fluid is injected into the Fuel-air mixture as it enters into the Carburetor Theoretically, as the water evaporates it should cool the incoming charge which then becomes denser, leading to higher Volumetric efficiency This in turn should lead to improvements in performance and Economy and allow the use of lower octane fuel because cooling of the charge suppresses Detonation Water jacket The area around the Cylinder block and Head or Intake manifold that is left hollow so that water may be admitted for cooling Also called cooling jacket Channels in the engine through which water and coolant circulate to cool the engine Also See Cooling system Water jet cutter A stream of water under great pressure (50,000 psi) which is controlled by a computer and is used to accurately cut plastic and fiberglass, etc Waterline The line of the water's edge when the ship is afloat Also see Load waterline Water marking Stains on the paintwork caused when a drop of water evaporates, leaving behind an outline of the drop Water passage A passage within the water jacket designed to prevent the formation of pockets of steam Water pump A device that circulates the liquid through the Cooling system by pumping it from the engine Water jackets to the Radiator The pump is usually mounted at the front of the engine and is driven by a belt from a Pulley on the front end of the Crankshaft Also called a coolant pump Water separator A device found on diesel cars which removes any water that may have contaminated the diesel fuel Water splash See Salt water splash Water spotting Stains on the paintwork that occur when a drop of water evaporates from the painted surface and leaves a white spot behind Also see Water-spotting Water-spotting Drops of water that mar the Finish before it is thoroughly cured Water temperature gauge A gauge on the instrument panel which indicates coolant temperature Water turbine A turbine that uses water pressure to rotate its blades; the primary types are the Pelton wheel, for high heads (pressure); the Francis turbine, for low to medium heads; and the Kaplan for a wide range of heads Primarily used to power an electric generator Water valve A shut-off valve, mechanically or vacuum operated, for stopping the flow of hot coolant to the heater In most water cooling units, a valve that provides a flow of water to cool the system while it is running Also see Electric Water Valve Pressure Water Valve Thermostatic Water Valve Water vapor Water in a vaporous form, especially when below boiling temperature and diffused (e.g., in the atmosphere) Waterways See International waterways Watt (W) The international unit of measurement of power One watt equals one Joule per second The unit of electrical power equal to one ampere under a pressure of one volt A Watt is equal to 1/746 horsepower Also see Lumens Watt Watt linkage A Suspension Linkage which has three-bars to locate the De Dion or Live axle There are two usual methods for arranging a Watt linkage Frame to pivot on axle Housing to frame or axle to pivot on frame to axle In either arrangement, this link structure restrains all movement of the axle to a vertical plane Watts link A device used to control side to side motion in a ladder bar, torque-tube, or 4-link rear suspension A watts link has a pivot point in the center of the axle and a rod that runs to each side of the car This design eliminate the side to side motion of a panhard rod Wave See Backward-wave tube Bending Wave Bow Wave Carrier Wave Pressure wave supercharger Pressure wave Quasi-longitudinal Wave Quasi-optical Waves Rectifier Wave AC Current See AC current sine wave Waveband A series of wavelengths forming a group Waveform See Bi-directional Waveform Wave rectifier See Rectifier Wave supercharger See Pressure wave supercharger Wax A substance resembling beeswax in appearance and character, and in general distinguished by its composition of esters and higher alcohols, and by its freedom from fatty acids; used for underbody sealing, cavity sealing, and paintwork care Ingredient in many lubricating oils which may separate from the oil if cooled enough A solid or semi-solid material at 25°C consisting of a mixture of hydrocarbons obtained or derived from petroleum fractions, or through a FischerTropsch type process, in which the straight chained paraffin series predominates This includes all marketable wax, whether crude or refined, with a congealing point (ASTM D 938) between 80 (or 85) and 116°C and a maximum oil content (ASTM D 3235) of 50 weight percent To treat with wax Also See Car wax Hot wax Microcrystalline Wax Waxing The formation of wax crystals in diesel fuel in freezing conditions, thus clogging the fuel filter and stopping the engine; avoided by the use of a fuel heater or fuel additives The application of a wax finish on the paint surface of a vehicle to preserve the paint and maintain its beauty Wax injection The injection of corrosion-inhibiting wax into car body cavities Wax lancing The injection of corrosion-inhibiting wax into car body cavities Wax-type thermostat A thermostat in which the expansion of melting paraffin wax (in a rigid cylinder) deforms a molded rubber membrane and displaces a piston/pin from the cylinder; this has the advantage of being insensitive to sudden temperature fluctuations or to the pressure in the system Way See Oil way One way clutch Way clutch See One way clutch Ways The machined abutments on which a sliding brake caliper rides Special sliding surfaces machined into the anchor plate and caliper body where these parts of a sliding caliper make contact and move against one another DICTIONARY OF AUTOMOTIVE TERMS - "Xa" • Xa Xe Xf Xl Xr Xt Xv • Xy • • • • • • X Originally this letter indicated experimental vehicles, but later came to indicate an exotic or unusual vehicle Also See Michelin X DICTIONARY OF AUTOMOTIVE TERMS - "Ya" Ya Yb Yc Ye Yi Yo Yp • • • • • • • Yu • Y A letter rating for tires to indicate that they are theoretically rated for speeds up to 300 kph (186 mph), as in P220YR15.The next higher rating is Z and the one lower rating is W Yamaha Click image for books on Yamaha A Japanese motorcycle manufacturer Yard See Breaker's yard Scrap yard Yard Horse A tractor for moving trailers short distances in a truck yard or terminal compound Also called switching tractor, yard tractor, trailer spotter, yard dog, and linehauler Equipment is manufactured and sold for such exclusively off-road use, but sometimes old, spare, or unroadworthy tractors are used Yarding Method of transport from harvest area to storage landing Yard Jockey A person who operates a Yard tractor Yard Mule Special tractor used to move trailers around a terminal, warehouse, distribution center, etc Also called a Yard Tractor Yard sale A bicycle term borrowed from skiing where a serious crash leaves all your various wares water bottles, pump, tool bag, etc scattered as if on display for sale Yardstick Trucker slang for Mile markers on the road side as in "There's a smokey advertising at the 75 yardstick." Yard Tractor Special tractor used to move trailers around a terminal, warehouse, distribution center, etc Also called a Yard Mule Yarn See Ballooning Of Yarn Yaw The rotation about a vertical axis that passes through the car's center of gravity Yaw acceleration A steady increase in the yaw angle Yaw angle The angle of deviation between a vehicle's longitudinal axis and its true direction of motion, i.e., the difference between the direction a vehicle is pointing when cornering and the direction in which it is actually moving DICTIONARY OF AUTOMOTIVE TERMS - "Za" • Za Ze Zf Zi Zo • Zv • • • • Z A letter rating for tires to indicate that they are theoretically rated for speeds over 300 kph (186 mph), as in P245/50ZR16 There is no higher rating, but the one lower rating is Y The symbol for Impedance Zahnradfabrik Friedrichshafen See ZF ZAP See AIA-ZAP Z-axle A rear axle introduced with the BMW Z1 in 1988, consisting of a trailing arm, one upper lateral link, one lower diagonal link, and a coil spring at each side; also included is an anti-roll bar [...]... integral of a voltage pulse Ballistic method A method of high-grade testing used in electrical engineering, a Ballistic galvanometer being used Ballistic pendulum A heavy block suspended by strings so that its swings are restricted to one plane If a bullet is fired into the block, the velocity of the bullet may be calculated from a measurement of the angle of swing of the pendulum Ballistics The study of. .. Backward diode One with characteristic of reverse shape to normal Also called AU diode or back diode Backward hold A method of interlocking the links of a switching chain by originating a locking condition in the final link and extending it successively backwards to each of the preceding links Backward lead See Backward shift Backward shift Movement of the brushes of a commutating machine around the commutator,... i.e., between about 800 and 500° K It is an acicular structure of supersaturated ferrite containing particles of carbide, the dispersions of the latter depending on the formation temperature Its hardness is intermediate between that of pearlite and martensite and exhibits mechanical properties similar to those of tempered martensite in a steel of the same carbon content Bait See Bear bait Baize A lightweight... shaft rotates (often in the opposite direction) so that its vibration cancels some of the vibration of the engine Sometimes an engine will have two balance shafts turning in opposite directions located on either side of the Crankshaft Balance valve See Spool balance valve Balance weight 1 A lead weight attached to the rim of a wheel 2 Small weights threaded on radial arms on the movement of an indicating... balance 3 In color reproduction, control of the levels of the three color components to achieve a satisfactory picture without obvious color bias, esp in the representation of neutral grey tones 4 The process of adjusting a traverse, i.e., applying corrections to the different survey lines and bearings so as to eliminate the closing error Also See Off-car Balancing Off-the-car balancing On-the-car balancing... 2 A form of motion picture composite photography in which the projected picture forms the background to action taking place in front of it, both being photographed together Back rake In a lathe tool, the inclination of the top surface or face to a plane parallel to the base of the tool Backrest The back (upright) part of the seat against which your back reclines Back scatter The deflection of radiation... direction opposite to that of the rotation of the commutator, so that the brushes short-circuit zero emf conductors when the load current, through armature reaction, results in a rotation of the neutral axis of the air-gap flux Shifting the brushes in this way reduces sparking on the commutator Also called backward lead Backward signaling Signaling from the called to the calling end of a circuit Backward-wave... subject from behind, opposite the camera, often to provide rim light or halo effects Back lobe Lobe of polar diagram for antenna, microphone, etc which points in the reverse direction to that required Backlocking Holding a signal lever partially restored until completion of a predetermined sequence of operation Backmatter The items which follow the main text of a book, i.e., appendices, notes, glossary,... top of tripod Ball-and-socket joint A joint between two rods, permitting considerable relative angular movement in any plane A ball formed on the end of one rod is embraced by a spherical cup on the other Used in light control systems (e.g., in connecting a pair of bell-cranks which operate in planes at right angles) and in the steering mechanism of motor vehicles, in which both ball and cups are of. .. mid-points of its input and output pairs of terminals Balanced-pair cable A cable with two conductors forming a loop circuit, the wires being electrically balanced to each other and ground (shield), e.g., an open-wire antenna feeder Balanced pedal In an organ console, the foot-operated plate, pivoted so that it stays in any position, for remote control of the shutter of the chambers in which ranks of organ ... formed in the shape of an A or V found commonly on the Front suspension The sides of the two legs of the A-arm are connected to the Chassis by rubber Bushings and the peak of the Aarm is attached... in its simplest form of a horizontal drum from which is suspended a pair of headers carrying between them an inclined bank of straight tubes Babo's law The vapor pressure of a liquid is lowered... capacity Fiber optic cables are often used to form these links Back coupling Any form of coupling which permits the transfer of energy from the output circuit of an amplifier to its input circuit