RELATIVE CLAUSE

grammar RELATIVE CLAUSE The girl is Ha She is talking on the phone → The girl who is talking on the phone is Ha Relative Clause I Definition: - Known as Adj Clause (modify the Noun before it - Stand after the Noun that it modifies - Connect with Main clause by: - Relative Pronouns: (Đại từ quan hệ): Who, Whom, Which, That, Whose + N - Relative Adverbs: (Trạng từ quan hệ): Where, When, Why II USAGE Who: - Relative Pronoun for Persons - Stand after a Noun, plays as Subject for the Verb after E.g: The man is Mr Pike He is standing there → The man who is standing there is Mr Pike Relative Clause That is the girl She has won the medal → That is the girl who has won the medal Relative Clause II USAGE Whom: - Relative Pronoun for Persons - Stand after a Noun, plays as Object of a Verb - Often replaced by Who, or omitted in the sentence E.g: The boy is Tom We are looking for him → The boy whom we are looking for is Tom Relative Clause The woman is my aunt You saw her → The woman whom you saw yesterday is my yesterday II USAGE Which: - Relative Pronoun for Things - Stand after a Noun, plays as Subject/ Object of a Verb E.g: This is the book I like it best → This is the book which I like best Relative Clause O The hat is mine It is red → The hat which is red is mine s Relative Clause II USAGE Whose + Noun: - Relative Pronoun for Things & Persons - Stand after a Noun, plays as Possessive Pronouns The boy is Tom You borrowed his bike E.g: yesterday → The boy whose bike you borrowed yesterday is Tom John found a cat Its leg was broken → John found a cat whose leg was broken II USAGE When = at/in/on…which/then - Relative Pronoun for Time - Stand after an Adverb of Time E.g: I’ll forget that day On that day I met her → I’ll forget that day On which I met her WHEN That was the time He managed the company at that time.→ That was the time at which he managed the company WHEN II USAGE Where = at/in/on…which/ There - Relative Pronoun for Places - Stand after an Adverb of Places E.g: That is the house We are living in the house → That is the house which we are living IN → That is the house where we are living The hotel wasn’t very clean We stayed at that → The hotel where we stayed wasn’t very clean hotel → The hotel at which we stayed wasn’t very clean II USAGE Why: the reason why E.g: I don’t know the reason You didn’t go to school for that reason →I don’t know the reason why you didn’t go to school Please tell me the reason why you are so sad III Kinds of relative clause a Defining relative clause: Mệnh đề quan hệ xác định - A defining relative clause tells - A defining relative clause - There is E.g: no comma which noun we are talking about can’t be omitted in the sentence The man who robbed you has been arrested That is the book that I like best Do you remember the day when we met each other? III Kinds of relative clause b Non - defining relative clause: Mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định - A non- defining relative clause give us Extra information about st We don’t need this information to understand the sentence - A non - defining relative clause - There is - comma That can’t be used can be omitted in the sentence in the non-defining relative clause E.g: That man, who lives in the next flat, looks very lonely My Tam, whose sister I know, is a famous singer This is Mrs Jones, who helped me last week III Kinds of relative clause c Relative Pronoun: THAT is used in defining clause - That can’t be used in non-defining - THAT sentence - That replaces “Who, Whom, Which” E.g: I can see a girl and a dog They are walking in the garden → I can see a girl and a dog that are walking in the garden IV Reduced forms of relative clauses a Present participle – Ving: Hiện phân từ - ving is used in active sentence E.g: That man, who is sitting next to you, is my uncle → That man sitting next to you is my uncle A lorry which was carrying pipes has overturned → The lorry carrying pipes has overturned Do you know the boy who broke the windows last night? → Do you know the boy breaking the windows last night? IV Reduced forms of relative clauses b Past participal– Ved: Quá khứ phân từ - ved is used in passive sentence E.g: The books which were written by To Hoai are interesting → The books written by to hoai are interesting A bridge which was built only two years ago has been declared unsafe → A bridge built only two years ago has been declared unsafe Most of the goods which are made in this factory are exported → Most of the goods made in this factory are exported IV Reduced forms of relative clauses E.g: c To V: the first, second, …; last, next, only; and superlatives E is an important language which we have to master → E is an important language to master There is a good restaurant where we can eat seafood → There is a good restaurant to eat seafood The captain was the last man who left the ship → The captain was the last man to leave the ship IV Reduced forms of relative clauses E.g: c To V: the first, second, …; last, next, only; and superlatives New Zealand was the first country which gave women the vote → New Zealand was the first country to give women the vote The guest on our show is the youngest golfer who won the Open → The guest on our show is the youngest golfer to win the Open The children need a big yard which they can play in → The children need a big yard to play in IV Reduced forms of relative clauses E.g: c To V: - Verb “Have/had” I have many homework that I must → I have many homework to HERE (BE),THERE (BE) at the first sentence There are six letters which have to be written today → There are six letters to be written today IV Reduced forms of relative clauses E.g: * Note: S at sentences are different: add for sb +to V We have some picture books that children can → read We have some picture books for children to read IV Reduced forms of relative clauses d Noun phrase: đồng cách danh từ S + be + noun/ noun phrase/ preposition phrase E.g: - Omitted “WHO / WHICH, BE” in the sentence Football, → Football, which is a popular sport, a popular sport, is very good for health is very good for health Do you like the book Do you like the book which is on the table? on the table? V How way to Reduced forms of relative clauses Nhìn xem mệnh đề có cơng thức S + BE + CỤM DANH TỪ không ? Nếu có áp dụng cơng thức Nếu khơng có cơng thức xem tiếp trứoc dấu hiệu inf sb first ,only…v v who which… có khơng ,nếu có áp dụng cơng thức (to ) lưu ý thêm xem chủ từ có khác không ( để dùng for ) Nếu trừong hợp xét xem câu chủ động hay bị động mà dùng VING hay P.P  ... why you are so sad III Kinds of relative clause a Defining relative clause: Mệnh đề quan hệ xác định - A defining relative clause tells - A defining relative clause - There is E.g: no comma which... day when we met each other? III Kinds of relative clause b Non - defining relative clause: Mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định - A non- defining relative clause give us Extra information about st... → This is the book which I like best Relative Clause O The hat is mine It is red → The hat which is red is mine s Relative Clause II USAGE Whose + Noun: - Relative Pronoun for Things & Persons