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i THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY Socialist Republic of Vietnam BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY Republic of the Philippines PURSUING THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE FUNCTIONS IN TEACHING THE BASIC ENGLISH COURSE AT THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY (TNU) SYSTEM A Dissertation Presented to The Faculty of Graduate School Batangas State University Batangas City, Philippines In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy Major in English By: LUU THI HUONG (JULIA) i THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY Socialist Republic of Vietnam BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY Republic of the Philippines TABLE OF CONTENTS TITLE PAGE CHAPTER I THE PROBLEM Introduction .6 ﾧﾧ Statement of the Problem 13 ﾧﾧ Scope, Delimitation and Limitation 14 ﾧﾧ Significance of the Study 15 ﾧﾧ II REVIEW OF LITERATURE 18 Conceptual Literature 18 ﾧﾧ Research Literature .34 ﾧﾧ Synthesis .39 ﾧﾧ Theoretical Framework 42 ﾧﾧ Conceptual Framework 45 ﾧﾧ Hypothesis .48 ﾧﾧ Definition of Terms .48 ﾧﾧ III RESEARCH METHOD .51 Research Design 51 ﾧﾧ Subjects of the Study .52 ﾧﾧ Data Gathering Instrument 53 ﾧﾧ Data Gathering Procedure .54 ﾧﾧ Statistical Treatment of Data 56 ﾧﾧ ii THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY Socialist Republic of Vietnam BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY Republic of the Philippines IV PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA 57 V SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION 88 Summary .88 ﾧﾧ Findings 90 ﾧﾧ Conclusion 99 ﾧﾧ Recommendations .101 ﾧﾧ BIBLIOGRAPHY 102 APPENDICES 110 A Letters of Requests 110 ﾧﾧ B Questionnaire 117 ﾧﾧ C Documentation 145 ﾧﾧﾧ CURRICULUMN VITAE 158 LIST OF TABLES Table Title Page iii THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY Socialist Republic of Vietnam BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY Republic of the Philippines ﾧ Distribution of Sample Respondents .52 Assessment of the teacher respondents' awareness of the seven functions of the English language 58 Assessment of the seven functions of the English language according to the degree of importance as perceived by the teacher respondents .59 Application of the seven functions of the English language in Reading Error! Bookmark not defined.ﾧﾧ Application of the seven functions of the English language in Writing Error! Bookmark not defined.ﾧﾧ Level of students reading performance in the seven functions of language 67 Level of students writing performance in the seven functions of language 68 T-test comparison of the student's language performance in the seven functions of language .70 9a List of seven functions of the English language in reading and writing evaluated to be employed in teaching the Basic English course by the respondents 9b List of seven functions of the English language in reading and writing evaluated to be employed in teaching the Basic English course by the respondents Error! Bookmark not defined iv THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY Socialist Republic of Vietnam BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY Republic of the Philippines 10a List of seven functions of the English language in reading and writing and their frequency of use according to the respondentsError! Bookmark not defined.ﾧﾧ 10b.List of seven functions of the English language in reading and writing and their frequency of use according to the respondents 75 11a.List of seven functions of the English language in reading and writing and their degree of importance according to the respondents Error! Bookmark not defined.ﾧﾧ 11b.List of seven functions of the English language in reading and writing and their degree of importance according to the respondents Error! Bookmark not defined.ﾧﾧ 12 T-test comparison of the student's language performance and teachers assessment in the seven functions of language in Reading and Writing Error! Bookmark not defined.ﾧﾧ 13 Parameters used as basis in the design of functional activities for students and teachers 80 LIST OF FIGURES Figure Title Page v THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY Socialist Republic of Vietnam BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY Republic of the Philippines Research Paradigm ﾧ 48 THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY Socialist Republic of Vietnam BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY Republic of the Philippines CHAPTER I THE PROBLEM Introduction The increasing use of the English language globally has had a large impact on many other languages, leading to language shift and even language death, and to claims of linguistic imperialism English itself has become more open to language shift as multiple regional varieties feed back into the language as a whole English is a global language People hear it on television by politicians from all over the world and whenever people travel, they see English sign and advertisement A language achieves a genuinely global status when it develops a special role that is recognized in every country These points add to the complexity of the present day world situation, but they not alter the fundamental point Because of the three pronged development of first language, second language, and foreign language speakers, it is inevitable that a global language will eventually come to be used by more people than any other language English has already reached this stage English is the dominant business language and it has become almost a necessity for people to speak English if they are to enter a global workforce Research from all over the world shows that cross-border business communication is most often conducted in English Its importance in the global market place therefore cannot be understated, learning English really can change people’s life THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY Socialist Republic of Vietnam BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY Republic of the Philippines During the last decades, the world has witnessed lots of cultural, social, political, economical and technological changes In this new, global world, people have had to meet the needs brought about by these changes in order to keep up with them One of the most important needs is language learning By the help of the developments in technology and science, people all over the world have to communicate with people from other countries, which require the learning of different foreign languages The most commonly used language in the world is English In fact English is known as a key to open the door into bustling world of rapid changes and development Everyday an increasing number of people are trying to learn English for different purposes with the hope that they can use it effectively One of the main goals of language teachers is to provide students with the tools to be effective communicators in the teaching language Often when students are assigned projects and assignments their lack of practical tools to produce the actual language becomes evident In these cases, students might very well have the necessary resources to accomplish the task, but teachers might need to consider a communicative approach to teaching the language, focusing on the functions of language, to properly equip students to complete assigned tasks Those functions are namely: Instrumental showing the way an individual satisfies the need by asking for something like “May I use your phone?”; Regulatory stating controlling another’s behavior such as the teacher requests students “stand up!”; Interactional used for maintaining interpersonal like wishing a friend a merry Christmas; Personal is considered as where one talks about oneself “I feel so happy today”; Heuristic is used to find out the world in general, for example: “is there any solution for environment pollution?”; Imaginative focuses on where one talks about one’s THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY Socialist Republic of Vietnam BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY Republic of the Philippines imagination like telling stories and jokes; Representational refers to seeking and giving varied types of information like “ How many survivors were there in the terrorism in France last week?” Many people believe it’s important to have knowledge on the functions of language for specific purposes Whether they are apologizing, expressing a wish or asking permission, they use language in order to fulfill that purpose Each purpose can be known as a language function Savignon (1983) describes a language function as the use to which language is put, the purpose of an utterance rather than the particular grammatical form an utterance takes By using this idea to structure teaching, the instructional focus becomes less about form and more about the meaning of an utterance In this way, students use the language in order to fulfill a specific purpose, therefore making their speech more meaningful The basic communication goals can be expressed in terms of situations, functions and topics It is up to the teacher to plan the situations within which students will be able to use their language for a purpose in the classroom context By creating a situation the teacher is providing the necessary context students need to use the language for a function Language functions have two categories: micro functions which refer to the specific individual use and macro functions which serve more overall aims according to Finch (1998) Micro functions consist of seven functions such as physiological function in terms of releasing physical and nervous energy, phatic function for sociability, recording function, identifying function, reasoning function, communicating function, THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY Socialist Republic of Vietnam BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY Republic of the Philippines and pleasure function Macro functions refer to the ideational function, interpersonal function, poetic function, and textual function In the study of language, it is of significant importance that students develop their language skills These language skills are vital tools for complete communication These are reading, writing, listening and speaking Writing is one among the basic skills in learning a language It is both social and cognitive process Students view writing as a necessity They are aware that this can improve thinking as well Students find writing as most difficult among the language skills because of its complexity Their writing skill is one way to know their academic success or performance and it is also a basic requirement to participate in any endeavor in their personal life as well as in the global economy The basic level of writing required by colleges or universities for incoming students who want to study is not met since there are large number of adolescent graduates from high school who are not equipped with the basic literacy skills needed like lacking the ability to write to meet the growing demands of the college curriculum Students who have poor writing skills are also referred to as low performing writer They are those students whose writing skills not meet the adequate demands of the class Writing difficulties like all other learning problems can be frustrating on the part of the students’ education and self -esteem A student who has problem in writing would experience interference in his learning He is unmotivated and lacks enthusiasm to write because of his inadequacy of the skill Problems that confront teachers regarding students’ problems in writing are focused on what students will write and how to motivate them to write about interesting topic If 142 THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY Socialist Republic of Vietnam BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY Republic of the Philippines 143 THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY Socialist Republic of Vietnam BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY Republic of the Philippines The researcher administers the questionnaire for students in Thai Nguyen University of Education 144 THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY Socialist Republic of Vietnam BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY Republic of the Philippines 145 THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY Socialist Republic of Vietnam BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY Republic of the Philippines The researcher administers the questionnaire for students in Thai Nguyen University of Science 146 THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY Socialist Republic of Vietnam BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY Republic of the Philippines 147 THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY Socialist Republic of Vietnam BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY Republic of the Philippines The researcher administers questionnaire for teaches in Thai Nguyen University of Economics and Business Administraion The researcher is in Thai Nguyen University of Economics and Business Administration 148 THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY Socialist Republic of Vietnam BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY Republic of the Philippines 149 THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY Socialist Republic of Vietnam BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY Republic of the Philippines The researcher is in Thai Nguyen University of Science 150 THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY Socialist Republic of Vietnam BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY Republic of the Philippines 151 THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY Socialist Republic of Vietnam BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY Republic of the Philippines The researcher is in Thai Nguyen University of Agricuture and Forestry 152 THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY Socialist Republic of Vietnam BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY Republic of the Philippines 153 THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY Socialist Republic of Vietnam BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY Republic of the Philippines The researcher is in Thai Nguyen University of Education 154 THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY Socialist Republic of Vietnam BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY Republic of the Philippines 155 THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY Socialist Republic of Vietnam BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY Republic of the Philippines CURRICULUMN VITAE LUU THI HUONG - JULIA Number 5, Hoang Van Thu Ward, Thai Nguyen City, Vietnam Mobile no 0084.987.944.162 Email add: luuhuong2611.ckt@gmail.com PERSONAL INFORMATION Date of birth: November 26th 1980 Place of birth: Cam Pha Town, Quang Ninh Province Age: 34 Nationality: Vietnamese Religion: No Sex: Female Civil Status: Married Spouse: Nguyen Quang Ngoc Daughters’ names: Nguyen Thi Quynh Chi and Nguyen Luu Ngoc Anh EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND 2007 – 2009: Post Graduate Master of Arts in Teaching English Major in English Language Teaching Laguna State Laguna Philippines Polytechnic University, 156 THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY Socialist Republic of Vietnam 1999 - 2003: BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY Republic of the Philippines Bachelor of Art in English Teaching Thai Nguyen University of Education of Training Major in English 1995 - 1998: Le Hong Phong High School Cam Phu Ward, Cam Pha Town, Quang Ninh Province 1991 – 1994: Ly Tu Trong Secondary School Cam Phu Ward, Cam Pha Town, Quang Ninh Province 1986 - 1991: Cam Phu Elementary School Cam Phu Ward, Cam Pha Town, Quang Ninh Province WORK EXPERIENCE  January 01, 2004 to 2012: Teacher of English in Foreign Languages Faculty at Thai Nguyen College of Economics and Finance  September 04, 2012: Teacher in Scientific Management and International Relations Department at Thai Nguyen College of Economics and Finance  February 01, 2014 to present: Vice Chief in Scientific Management and International Relations Department at Thai Nguyen College of Economics and Finance [...]... knowing of few basic words and phrases in the students’ language; speaking slowly; teaching of all four skills; repeating commands; and chill, relax, be calm, and avoiding stress as well as building a strong rapport with students (busy teacher, org/ 4793-top -8- tips –on- teaching- absolutebeginners html) English Language Functions Language is a system of arbitrary symbols used by members of a society... expect that an assessment will be completely authentic In the evaluation of reading performance, students must meet standards or criteria The following are the features of students who exceed standards: a strong comprehension of texts beyond their grade level is demonstrated; word meanings and shades of meaning using contextual support are identified by students; knowledge of synonyms and antonyms to make... Games can also serve as ways to review and practice structures A process in which learners develop their receptive and expressive language skills is called language enrichment It provides learners with strong foundational skills that benefit the acquisition of higher level literacy skills (www speech and language where house Com/ what –is-htm) Hands-on active learning is an opportunity that is offered ... skills; repeating commands; and chill, relax, be calm, and avoiding stress as well as building a strong rapport with students (busy teacher, org/ 4793-top -8- tips –on- teaching- absolutebeginners... meet standards or criteria The following are the features of students who exceed standards: a strong comprehension of texts beyond their grade level is demonstrated; word meanings and shades... receptive and expressive language skills is called language enrichment It provides learners with strong foundational skills that benefit the acquisition of higher level literacy skills (www speech