CHAPTER The Presidency Learning Objectives 7.1 Identify the past traits of presidents; assess the requirements for holding the position 7.2 Describe the process by which presidents may be impeached and removed from office 7.3 Trace the evolution of the presidency from “chief clerk” in the late eighteenth and nineteenth centuries to eventual dominance over the political system 7.4 Explain how the modern presidency has persevered in the recent era of divisiveness 7.5 Define the formal powers vested in the president under Article II of the Constitution, including the veto, appointments, the pardon power, and commander-in-chief of the armed forces 7.6 Discuss those implied powers of the presidency not spelled out in the Constitution, including executive orders and agreements 7.7 Describe the other individuals and offices in the executive branch that contribute to the modern presidency 7.8 Assess how the power of the presidency is enhanced by communications with the public, the Congress, and the media Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning All rights reserved Where Do Presidents Come From? Presidential Comings and Goings Presidential Prerequisites Article II Powers of the presidency At least 35 years of age Resident in the U.S for at least 14 years Twenty-second Amendment (Restricts any one person from being elected to the presidency “more than twice,” or from acting as president for longer than two and a half terms Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning All rights reserved Where Do Presidents Come From? Presidential Comings and Goings Impeachment – The first -step in a two- step process outlined in Article II, Section 4, of the US Constitution to remove a president or other high official from office The House of Representatives makes the accusation ( removed by majority vote) and the Senate tries through a court procedure and removes by a 2/3 vote Johnson and Clinton impeached but not removed Nixon resigned Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning All rights reserved Military hero William Henry Harrison won election to the presidency in 1840 Yet for all of his strengths as a war hero, he was ultimately a victim of his own stubbornness Inauguration Day, March 4, 1841, was one of the coldest and most blustery days of the year in Washington, D.C Harrison refused to wear a hat and coat, and his nearly two-hour inaugural address was one of the longest in history One month later Harrison died of pneumonia, probably contracted during his inaugural speech He was the first president to die in office, but perhaps the last not to bundle up warmly for his inauguration day celebration Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning All rights reserved The Evolution of the American Presidency After Washington:The President as “Chief Clerk” of the United States, 1789–1836 Performed administrative duties Thomas Jefferson (18010-1809) 'the government is best which governs least” Trimmed many judgeships,trimmed government planning, and armed forces Louisiana Purchase the exception Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning All rights reserved The Evolution of the American Presidency Congress more emphasis on domestic policy and presidency more on foreign policy Madison War of 1812 (Great Britain and the US) hampered by small size of the federal army and by the lack of apowerful national bank capable of funding the government's prosecution Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning All rights reserved The Evolution of the American Presidency Monroe- Monroe Doctrine Exercised most of his influence in foreign affairs and left Congress to center on domestic policypaying down the War of 1812 and crafting key compromises on slavery John Quincy Adams ( who later became president) was the Secretary of State to Monroe and helped craft the Monroe Doctrine ( unfriendly any attempt by a European nation in increse its possession or interfere on the American continent) Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning All rights reserved The Evolution of the American Presidency Andrew Jackson defied this role (1829- 1837) The office of the presidency into a tremendous political party Military hero of the Battle of New Orleans (1815) a lot of popular support Introducing the spoil system of doling out federal offices to individuals as rewards for public service Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning All rights reserved The Evolution of the American Presidency Dismissing hundreds of office holders and forcing out cabinet members Veto of Second National Bank of US Expanded the vote to men who didn't own property Polk (1845-1849)-Westward expansion(California, Texas, Oregon 10 Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning All rights reserved Implied Powers and Responsibilities of the President Executive Agreements- A pact reached 43 between the president and a foreign government that does not require the consent of Congress Post Office, trade, agriculture Iran Deal considered an agreement and not a treaty, very controversial because many think should be a treaty because of the nuclear escalation and terror Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning All rights reserved Implied Powers and Responsibilities of the President Executive Agreements Like executive orders, not mentioned in the Constitution but because of chief diplomat and head of state, afforded the opportunity to make many agriculture, trade, and embassies 44 Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning All rights reserved Presidential Resources Vice President First in the line to succeed the president Order of Succession:VP, Speaker of the 45 House, President pro tempore of the Senate, Cabinet members In the event of a vacancy in the Vice presidency, the 25 th amendment ensures the vacancy in the office of the vice presidency can be filled without election Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning All rights reserved Presidential Resources Vice President modern-day vice presidents have assumed roles as key advisers,working with executive branch officials, and promoting the administration's legislative agenda 46 Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning All rights reserved Joe Raedle/Getty Images Vice President Joe Biden shakes hands with an Amtrak officer Biden was a patron and supporter of Amtrak; when he was still a U.S senator he commuted 250 miles a day by train from his home in Wilmington, Delaware, when the Senate was in session 47 Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning All rights reserved Presidential Resources Cabinet The Cabinet-The collection of the principal officers in each of the executive departments of the federal government who serve as key advisers to the presidents 15 heads of departments and other important officials considered of “cabinet rank” (EPA) 48 Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning All rights reserved Presidential Resources Provide critical input to the president on issues related to their own department Have a dual role, one to the president and one to the department who have many career bureaucrats who may have different ideas Testify before Congressional hearings 49 Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning All rights reserved Presidential Resources The Executive Office of the President and the White House Staff-Numerous agencies that assist with the management and the administration of the of executive branch departments 50 Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning All rights reserved Presidential Resources Office of the Management and Budget (OMB)-Budget and including president's ideas and goals, and regulations President's Council of Economic Advisers National Security Council -National Security Adviser, Joint Chief of Staff, Defense Department, DNI,State Department 51 Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning All rights reserved Presidential Resources Environmental Council Appointed by President and confirmed by Senate White House Chief of Staff-serves 52 the president's organizational needs, including speechwriting, advance work for presidential appearances, scheduling, congressional relations, public relations and communications Hire/Fire No Senate confirmation Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning All rights reserved Presidential Resources The First Lady-Can be an asset in 53 helping the president deliver his message and develop her/his unique program Eleanor Roosevelt Nancy Reagan-Just say No Barbara and Laura Bush/Literacy/Reading program Michelle Obama-childhood obesity Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning All rights reserved Important Presidential Relationships The President and the Public Power to persuade/Neustadt Convince others of his positions who may not necessarily agree with him Attentive to the sentiments of the public at large Engage the public to support administration policies Following public opinion rolls 54 Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning All rights reserved Important Presidential Relationships The President and Congress Important role in the legislative process Reagan with tax cuts and Clinton with welfare reform Campaign for Congressional candidates and leverage that assistance into support Members of congress friendly to the administration who persuade others Future appointments and pork-barrel projects 55 Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning All rights reserved Important Presidential Relationships The President and the Media Most effective channel through which presidents can communicate information about their policies to the public Interesting headlines to attract numbers vs policy/issues 56 Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning All rights reserved Important Presidential Relationships 57 The President and the Media White House press secretary-briefing the press, organizing new conferences, “spin” White House Director of communications to articulate a consistent and effective message to the public The president to craft a message and hone their public images Ronald Reagan , the great communicator Going Public- Going directly to the people and around Congress Copyright © 2016 Cengage Learning All rights reserved ... of the presidency not spelled out in the Constitution, including executive orders and agreements 7. 7 Describe the other individuals and offices in the executive branch that contribute to the. .. of the presidency from “chief clerk” in the late eighteenth and nineteenth centuries to eventual dominance over the political system 7. 4 Explain how the modern presidency has persevered in the. .. divisiveness 7. 5 Define the formal powers vested in the president under Article II of the Constitution, including the veto, appointments, the pardon power, and commander-in-chief of the armed forces 7. 6