Tống Huệ Phương- SBD 50- K39 Sư phạm Tiếng Anh- Khoa Ngoại Ngữ

HANOI PEDAGOGICAL UNIVERSITY NO.2 FOREIGN LANGUAGE FACULTY ASSIGNMENT COVER Unit: WRITING Unit Code: ASP 227 Class: K39 Sư Phạm Tiếng Anh Student: Tống Huệ Phương Student ID: 135D1402180046 Title: APPLYING SKYPE SOFWARE TO ADVANCE ENGLISH COMMUNICATION FOR ENGLISH PEDAGOGY STUDENTS IN THE THIRD YEAR AT HANOI PEDAGOGICAL UNIVERSITY NUMBER Due date: 13- June Date of submission: 13- June Student declaration: I declare that this is my own work except where clearly acknowledged Signature of student: Hanoi - 2015 10 11 12 13 14 APPLYING SKYPE SOFWARE TO ADVANCE ENGLISH COMMUNICATION FOR 15 ENGLISH PEDAGOGY STUDENTS IN THE THIRD YEAR AT HANOI 16 PEDAGOGICAL UNIVERSITY NUMBER 17 Tống Huệ Phương 18 Class K39SPA 19 Hanoi Pedagogical University No.2 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 PART ONE: INTRODUCTION 28 29 I RATIONALE 30 It cannot be denied that the important role of Communication in every field of our 31 life: Education, Economy, Culture, Trade, Arts, and so on The society is more and more 32 developed every day so that human being aware of essential knowledge not only major 33 but also soft skills which consist of terms of different ability such as language, IT, 34 teamwork, etc One out of the most important skills is the social skill which tends people 35 to communicate with each other Hence, the need to incorporate and include acceptable 36 principles of effective communication was emphasized 37 In addition, developing remarkably quickly in nowadays and becoming 38 International language, English is the most using language to communicate all over the 39 world, the tool to get successful in whichever field need to use if they want to enhance 40 themselves in study or job with higher level or qualification 41 However, English is a language which has a number of differences in 42 pronunciation, word formation, grammar, spoken expression… from others that make so 43 many berries for the other countries' learners to imply it fluently as the second language 44 A student has learned English for years, even 12 years cannot introduce themselves 45 well and correctly in English, because they only focus on old books with full of grammar 46 structures and words At school, the amount of reading and writing account for almost 47 percentages due to exams with scores They are lacking English practice environment to 48 improve and engage, motivate them turning the death language into the spoken 49 communication which can carry out in real life Due to this problem, the development of 50 IT in the recent modern century solves this problem quickest and most effective There 51 has one invented software which connects users all over the world, allows them make a 52 call, chat and watch their face like real talk, sometimes you can send files also, without 53 any cost whenever your computer/ phone is connected to The Internet called SKYPE 54 Today there are more than 630 million users of Skype This number rises sharply every 55 day and every time 56 II RESEARCH OBJECTS 57 The research is aimed at achieving the following three goals: 58 - To find out what benefits and limitations of using Skype to enhance English 59 Communication competence 60 61 62 - The feasibility between the interactions of this software with the self- study of learners III RESEARCH SCOPE 63 The main subject of the research is checking out the Skype application of our 64 third- year students at Hanoi Pedagogical University Number There are following main 65 points: the definition of English Communication, instruction of installing and using 66 Skype, advantages and disadvantages of using this 67 IV RESEARCH METHODS 68 In recent years, the use of qualitative and quantitative methods in studying the 69 same phenomenon has received significant attention among the scholars and researchers 70 To achieve the most reliable data, the researcher uses two common methods combination 71 which are Questionnaire and Focus Groups supports each other 72 Population involved to the research is invited to answer a number of questions for 73 both methods, one is discussion group form and the other is answer sheet with multiple 74 choice questions Based on the student’s answers and opinions, the researcher will the 75 analysis of such data In other words, students will debate following group of three so 76 that the researcher can see the advantages and the problems which students face After 77 that, the author will collect and analyze the data in their papers and note- takings 78 VI SIGNIFICANE OF THE RESEARCH 79 The researcher conducts the opinion, idea conversations between students and the 80 information they have completed via answer sheet Then the author is able to ensure how 81 important of implying Skype to improve student’s English communication ability If this 82 has any drawbacks, the solutions or the combination in using with other methods will be 83 continuously researched; otherwise, it should be replicated at school or class to gain 84 highest benefits for students in their learning 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 PART TWO: DEVELOPMENT 104 CHAPTER 105 THEORITICAL BACKGROUND 106 I LITERATURE REVIEW 107 I.1 English Communication 108 I.1.1 Definition of Communication 109 "Communication," which is etymologically related to both "communion" and 110 "community," comes from the Latin communicare, which means "to make common" 111 (Weekley, 1967, p 338) or "to share." DeVito (1986) expanded on this, writing that 112 communication is "[t]he process or act of transmitting a message from a sender to a 113 receiver, through a channel and with the interference of noise" (p 61) On other hands, 114 according to Merriam Webster Dictionary explains with the simple definition, 115 "Communication refers to the act or process of using words, sounds, signs, or behaviors 116 to express or exchange information or to express your ideas, thoughts, feelings, etc., to 117 someone else" 118 I.1.2 The role of Communication 119 PMI's 2013Pulse of the Profession TM report revealed that US$135 million is at 120 risk for every US$1 billion spent on a project Further research on the importance of 121 effective communications uncovers that a startling 56 percent (US$75 million of that 122 US$135 million) is at risk due to ineffective communications Communication skills are 123 ranked FIRST among a job candidate's "must have" skills and qualities, according to a 124 2010 survey conducted by the National Association of Colleges and Employers To sum 125 up, Communication skills are important to everyone We give and receive information 126 and convey our ideas and opinions with the people around us by communicating to them 127 I.1.3 The elements of Communication 128 Meanwhile, the process of Communication succeeds when it transfers the 129 speaker's messages through body language (eye contact, gesture, posture, facial 130 expression…) or words to the listener for them to understand to interact Basically, 131 communication model consists of main elements: the sender, the receiver, the message, 132 the channel, and feedback In fact, one conversation needs to have subjects and topics or 133 purpose are supposed to be completely meaningful, these called the sender- the receiver 134 and the message/ content How about the channel and feedback? The channel is related to 135 the method or the way we apply to convey information such as spoken word, the Internet, 136 radio, television or something written like newspaper or magazine, so on Every tool has 137 both advantages and disadvantages for subjects Last but not least, the feedback refers to 138 how the listener understands and reacts to the information given by the sender They can 139 show their thought and opinion by asking questions, comments or using body languages 140 to show off 141 I.1.4 English Communication 142 In the 21st century, characterized by increased globalization, competence in 143 international languages, such as English, is invaluable From the specific data below, we 144 see and understand what communication is and the vital effects of this field with every 145 aspect of our life We communicate by two kinds of language verbal and non-verbal 146 communication Both are important in conveying the message in a conversation; 147 however, the speech will be easy to express speaker's intention if we use it fluently and 148 effectively "The phrase ‘Communicative English' refers to that English which helps us to 149 communicate effectively with people using language functions" (Sarah, 2004, p.1) 150 I.2 SKYPE is able to light a dark day 151 I.2.1 The development of Information Technology 152 In Vietnam in the 60s of the last century, some electric computers appeared and the 153 Western still called them Science Computer Until the early years of 1980, Western 154 conducted the concept "Informatics" and widely extended in Vietnam in 1985 Next, 155 Informatics Organization was established there in 1988 which marked the important and 156 rapid development of every subject in this country Nguyễn Trần Dương (1996)’s 157 research stated, Information technology includes informatics and telecommunications and 158 it will combine families, companies, factories, nations into the international network 159 Telephone services, special delivery, television, information provision, business, 160 training will be connected in super electronic network computers becomes very 161 popular not only in the office but also in every residence People can obtain different 162 kinds of information through computers and exchange every matter with the speed of 163 light Furthermore, learning International languages requires active and motivated 164 environment for learners to apply their theory from the materials to reality conversation 165 By contrast, Vietnam is limited communicative habitat due to the traditional teaching 166 English methodology (Grammar Translation Method) used from the 1970s to 1990, 167 especially some mountainous and undeveloped areas, they couldn't have any chance to 168 communicate with foreigners as much as Hanoi, Saigon or HoChiMinh cities 169 I.2.2 The application of Skype in learning English 170 I.2.2.1 Concept of Skype 171 First released in August 2003, Skype was created by Dane Janus Friis and Swede 172 Niklas Zennström in cooperation with Estonians Ahti Heinla, Priit Kasesalu, and Jaan 173 Tallinn (2006) Skype is a communication tool that allows users to make audio and video 174 calls over the Internet (Anastasiia Melnyk) Anonymous said, Skype, as a free 175 communication service, provides the opportunity of calling, seeing, messaging, and 176 sharing with people wherever they are (2013b) Skype is a telecommunication application 177 software that specializes in providing video chat and voice calls from computers, tablets 178 and mobile devices via the Internet to other devices or telephones/smartphones 179 (MARKTON, 2014) it was founded in 2003 180 I.2.2.2 Skype registration and installation 181 Skype-to-Skype calls to other users are free of charge, but to use it, you must 182 create an account with your profile information such as your last and first name, email 183 address, birthday, region, language and of course, Skype name which you want to appear 184 when signing in and password If you want to find out more information, let go to this 185 link https://login.skype.com/registration While making the call to other skype' account is 186 free, the call to landline telephones and mobile phones (over traditional telephone 187 networks) are charged via a debit-based user account system called Skype Credit 188 The system for Windows can run in Windows® XP, Vista or 7, both 32- and 64-bit 189 operating systems Internet connection – broadband is best (GPRS is not supported for 190 voice calls) To talk and watch the partners, the users need to install the speakers and 191 microphone - built-in or separate For voice calls recommend a broadband connection 192 with 100 kbps down / 100 kbps up For group video calling everyone on the call needs 193 Skype 5.0 for Windows or Mac or higher plus webcams, and, at least, one person on the 194 call needs to have a Skype Premium subscription For best quality recommend using a 195 high- speed broadband connection of 4Mbps down / 512kbps up and a computer with a 196 Core Duo 1.8 GHz processor As a minimum, the users need a high-speed broad 197 connection of 512kbps down / 128kbps up and a computer with a GHz processor 198 I.2.2.3 The advantages of carrying out Skype 199 I.2.2.3.1 Skype saves time 200 The most important argument for learning English is the possibility of interaction 201 with the others Most claims are made by followers of the classical tools of language 202 teaching because of the question of psychology student - teacher relationships, interacting 203 via Skype, Anastasiia(2015) reported Skype lets applicators make a call or send images/ 204 recordings/ videos without meeting their partners If people must use letters to send 205 information in the past and waited to reply for long days, or students considered study 206 subject problems to discuss with teachers, friends… nowadays they not have to take 207 an appointment or meet directly to have a conversation They just stand with the 208 computer/ mobile/ tablet connected The Internet for light speed, they completely see each 209 other and talk freely, declining moving time and effort Imagine that time of a lesson at 210 your class is limited, thanks to Skype you are able to connect teachers, friends, now your 211 geographical location plays no role anymore 212 With making a group- call function, Skype absolutely is an idea place for you and 213 your friends drills in a pair, group, and the maximum number can rise up to 6-8 214 members per one Furthermore, although your school opens every day during a week, 215 except Saturday and Sunday, you not worry how can meet your friends or teachers 216 because of the long distance anymore 217 I.2.2.3.2 Skype stores money 218 Learning English online via Skype was a real salvation for residents of large cities 219 where you have a lot of time to travel to the place of study In small towns is another 220 problem: a lack of talented and experienced teachers who follow the new methods of 221 language learning and are able to practice modern technology In addition, Skype has 222 pushed the boundaries and allows you to learn with teachers from other countries, 223 including those who are native speakers for free Because this software only costs you the 224 network fee per hour/day/ month/ year which depends on your payment method Besides, 225 you have a chance to find International friends all over the word who have the same 226 purpose to you- studying English as the second language That is quite helpful for 227 learners, yet they try to listen and comprehend a variety of other English languages of 228 various countries These benefits you could not find in any textbooks or your local 229 school, expect you get to use Skype as the method to apply In addition, doing English 230 using Skype, you can always quickly find the information on the Internet which helps 231 you get out of the trap of limited vocabulary or the poor idea This advantage is equally 232 appreciated by students and teachers 233 I.2.2.4 The drawbacks of using Skype 234 I.2.2.4.1 Learning via Skype restricts activities 286 CHAPTER 287 METHODOLOGY 288 II Research methods proposal 289 The overall design of a research consists of its methods and procedures Research 290 design can be described as Qualitative or Quantitative in approach Both of them have the 291 strengths and weakness used in the investigation According to Allan Steckler, the 292 strengths of quantitative methods are that they produce factual, reliable outcome data that 293 are usually generalizable to some larger population The strengths of qualitative methods 294 are that they generate rich, detailed, valid process data that usually leave the study 295 participants’ perspectives intact 296 II.1 Methods 297 II.1.1.Focus Groups 298 II.1.1.1 Definition of Focus Groups 299 Focus groups are group discussions organized to explore a specific set of Issues 300 such as people's views and experiences of contraception (Barker and Ricb1992, 301 Zimmermanetal.1990), drink-driving (Basch et al 1989), nutrition (Crokett et al 1990) or 302 mental illness (Gmnig1990) They are first mentioned as a market research technique in 303 the1920s (Bascb1987; Bogardus1926) and were used by Merton in the1950s to examine 304 people's reactions to war time propaganda (Mertonetal.1956) In fact, it is Merton who is 305 often credited with developing the 'focused interview' with groups (Although he never 306 actually used the term 'focus group' and would beg to differ from some contemporary 307 uses of the technique) (see Merton 1987) 308 An idea group to dispute and collect the data and statistics combines 3-6 309 volunteers The figures of group bases on how large of each research project is If the 310 project is small, 2-3 groups for checking information is enough; however, with the large 311 one, it requires 10-15 groups A project involving to Focus Groups should be able to 312 be completely executed within a to week period, from the time of approval to the 313 receipt of the final report Each conversation lasts from 40-60 minutes There is no 314 remarkable differences of this method from others, excepting the vital interaction 315 between participants in group 316 II.1.1.2 The strengths of Focus Groups 317 Belonged to qualitative research method, Focus Groups allows a researcher to 318 interview in- depth data from the number of participants quickly and effectively, 319 comparing with the Interview method which only investigates one- by- one In the 320 conversation the moderator motivates the participants to explore topics and generate the 321 hypotheses (Freitas et al 1998) The answers and the choices of interviewers come from 322 their real experiences happened in project research and their own knowledge so far 323 Besides, the moderator conducts the discussion process being able to observe a huge 324 range of joiners’ emotions in a short time, not conveyed via handouts individually, which 325 called “face- validity” data 326 Moreover, this application is more highlighted than the others due to the high 327 interaction between the moderators and the participants, and the participants with each 328 other This difference leads to a comfortable and very open atmosphere for everyone, 329 reducing stress or pressure as much as possible When doing research about topic 330 “Applying SKYPE to enhance English Communication skill for the third year K39 331 students at HPU2”, the researcher exploits and carries it out effectively due to the 332 participants’ source coming from the same class Thanks to this, the administrator 333 records, notes not only the simple and quantitative figures such as degree, level, 334 standard… but also the specific detailed information based on internal conversations 335 II.1.1.3 The weaknesses of Focus Groups method 336 Every method has both positives and negatives, the FC is not the exception 337 Although it allows the moderator to collect the inner data by making conversation 338 between participants, the researcher has less control over the data that are generate It 339 cannot deny that sometimes the content of the discussion between more than two people 340 will always straight forward the topic As they are at the same class at Foreign Language 341 Faculty, so the discussion and sharing are naturally meaningful, open-minded If the 342 moderator is not well educated in conducting the group, he is not capable of stopping or 343 guiding them for his target questions Moreover, to collect the clear and important data, 344 this method requires the administrator to install the full quality facilities such as 345 recording apparatus (audio and/or visual) and an attached room with a one- way mirror 346 for observation 347 In addition, with the large amount of information collected by tape recordings or 348 notes, the data analysis process is more difficult to be done It is, once again, supposed to 349 be completed by the experienced professor with his understanding and wide knowledge 350 While the Questionnaire or other methods has designed the questions and answers for 351 participants to choose easily, the interaction of the group forms a social atmosphere and 352 the comments must be interpreted into the reasonable which takes the moderator’s time 353 II.1.2 Surveys 354 II.1.2.1 Conception of Surveys 355 Surveys is often the best way to get information and feedback to use in planning 356 and program improvement Nancy cited that, designing and implementing a survey is a 357 systematic process of gathering information on a specific topic by asking questions of 358 individuals and then generalizing the results to the groups represented by the respondents 359 This kind of data collection method is common when gathering the data of a large group, 360 consisting two patterns: questions and responses 361 The most popular traditional collection is based on paper- and- pencil instrument, 362 whereas the variety of its tools are opened by implying modern technology, for example, 363 computer calling, e- mail, web- based online, etc 364 II.1.2.2 The advantages of Surveys 365 Questionnaires is, similar with other methods, cannot used if the researcher does 366 not aim to question lists carefully before doing researcher; however, it is comparably to 367 others covering a wide range of participants’ responses at certain time, picture quantity 368 database The investigator draws up the topic with a kind of tool to apply, then presenting 369 in front of his voluntary classmates at HPU2 and explaining for them to finish It is quite 370 quick and convenient, inexpensive, especially fixed with any researcher who has not 371 experienced doing investigation yet Besides, after collecting the figures, this method lets 372 him to analyze the data faster based on counting their numbers and the percentages, not 373 interpreting recording or writing 374 Furthermore, Surveys method can be analyzed using a variety of existing software 375 which speeds the researcher process up and stores time The software such as Microsoft 376 word office, Excel, Survey-monkey… allow designing a number of different kinds of 377 questionnaires which belonged to closed- ended and open- ended items The IT subject 378 was combining with others compulsorily in his school, so it benefits the researcher a lot 379 II.1.2.3 The Limitations of Surveys 380 As the limited knowledge and having no experiences in doing research of the 381 administrator that are able to lead some common errors in expressing ideas or preparing 382 misunderstanding questions for answerers “Even after years of experience, no expert can 383 write a perfect questionnaire… If you not have the resources to pilot-test your 384 questionnaire, don’t the study.” (Sudman & Bradburn, 1982, p 283) Under this 385 framework, error results if respondents misunderstand the survey questions or key 386 concepts, not know or cannot recall the needed information from memory, use an 387 inappropriate shortcut for making a judgment, or prefer to hide or distort certain 388 information and provide a socially desirable answer (Schwarz et al.) It involves 389 respondents’ ability to understand the “literal meaning” of individual terms and phrases 390 as well as any grammatical ambiguity 391 II.2 Research procedure 392 II.2.1 Focus Groups 393 II.2.1.1 Define the purpose of doing research 394 Whenever before we decide to something, we need to definite completely the 395 purpose of it In the research “Applying Skype software to enhance English 396 Communication for English Pedagogy students in the third year at Hanoi Pedagogical 397 University number 2” the main goal is finding out how effective of using Skype in 398 practicing English Communication for more than 60 the third- year students at English 399 Pedagogy class of HPU2 From this aim, the author step by step comes up some specific 400 and deeper questions related to the topic to exploit how its influences 401 II.2.1.2 Identify and Invite participants 402 With the topic, the author is going to invite 16 people in research by using Focus 403 Groups method, within each group contains participants, of course, all of them study at 404 K39 English Pedagogy class However, before inviting them, based on two different 405 characteristics in common in potential participants, they are intermediate and advanced 406 levels of English Communication to stretch out the advantages and difficulties when they 407 apply Finally, securing their names with contact information, finalizing the list and 408 sending the invitation to get approval 409 II.2.1.3 Generate the Questions 410 Due to the limited time, there will be open-ended questions for each group to 411 discuss naturally, while two of them are warm- up questions (for instance, introduction 412 and your own method to improve English communication) and the rest of them probe the 413 issue( What are your attitude towards Skype? Which benefits you exploit so far ) 414 II.2.1.4 Select a Facilitator and Location 415 The author would like to invite one of his voluntary friends to be recorder and 416 helps taking notes the discussion Because of the limited budget, the researcher could not 417 hire the professional facilitator and just does it by himself as a meeting leader The 418 location will be quite and let the participants feel comfortable if the author can borrow 419 the laboratory room with full installing facilities at university, since it is the place of 420 Listening subject they usually learn at 421 II.2.1.5 Conduct the Focus Groups 422 To carry out this method and manage the groups, the author must prepare some 423 initial equipment such as papers, pens, names list, watch, recorded tool… and arrive 424 earlier to arrange tables and chairs before participants come 425 II.2.1.6 Interpret and Report Results 426 There are three small steps to create a report They are summarizing a meeting, 427 analyzing the summaries, and writing a report Last but not least, after finishing this step, 428 then sending them ‘thank- you’ letter, and include them in correspondence about how the 429 information was used 430 II.2.2 Surveys 431 II.2.2.1 Design the Surveys Process 432 In the first stage, our researcher intends to calculate the simplest numbers and the 433 most basic information needed for his investigation As noted in the first method, the 434 main goal of doing research is discovering the benefits and drawbacks of using Skype for 435 improving English Communication The number of potential participants who are invited 436 is 60 Because the author is the one of members in this class, and has already the contact 437 information of everybody such as e-mail, mobile phone number or Facebook To send 438 invitation letter, the author prefers to use an e-mail, while conducting the surveys who 439 hands out the printed- papers mode for everyone 440 II.2.2.2 Develop Questions 441 Based on the goal mentioned above and the validity and reliability of information, 442 the researcher firmly continue designing the close- ended and open- ended questions to 443 test the participants All questions are written and designed at Microsoft word office from 444 generally to specifically 445 The researcher firstly focuses on events and behaviors of common response 446 dimensions by asking participants’ frequency, duration, or occurrence of applying Skype 447 (For examples, ‘How you often Skype software at home?’ with the optional rating 448 scale answers: Always  Often  Sometimes  Rarely  Never  ; Secondly, the 449 researcher brainstorms the questions related to attitudes and judgments which include 450 satisfaction, intensity or importance (How important you thing Skype is? 5) 451 These examples are closed- ended questions (planned totally questions) With the aim 452 to increase the reflection of participants and let them answer by their own words, the 453 researcher thinks of some opened- ended questions (2 questions) For instance, what is 454 the most difficulty when applying Skype in communicating English? 455 II.2.2.3 Test and Train 456 Before giving the sample of research questions for potential respondents, the 457 researcher checks his survey for spelling and grammatical errors, readability and flow, 458 and consistency with the current survey’s goals, then the interview will be conducted at a 459 ready prepared class of his university There has only 10 questions and of them are 460 option and rating scale questions, therefore, they are easy to quickly The time is 461 limited so the researcher will spend minutes to introduce and 10 minutes for 462 respondents to task questions During that process, if there has any unclear phrases, 463 words or grammar, the researcher would like to explain and guide them to get the target 464 results 465 II.2.2.4 Collect and Analyze Data 466 These below step are final in the process When everybody finishes answer 467 modules properly, the author will collect them easily by retrieving the papers Evidently, 468 the answers and opinions provided by participant are secured Afterwards, the author is 469 going to decode the data and arrange them into different categories, finally counting them 470 and give out the conclusion 471 II.2.3 Data analysis 472 II.2.3.1 Focus Group 473 The data analysis is the most difficult and time- consuming stage in FC method 474 To decode the huge range of complexed meaningful data, firstly, the researcher needs to 475 read transcript which has been written and recorded freely before coding And then, 476 choosing the codes which are the word or short phrase that presents the essence or or the 477 key which contribute of narrative/ verbal information to categorize the data Some 478 common types of coding categories are Respondent perspective, Respondent’s ways of 479 thinking about people or object, Process, Activity, Strategy and Method For example, 480 ‘Your opinion about Skype’, ‘The Benefits of Skype’, ‘The difficulties in using Skype’, 481 ‘Another way to practice’ etc After arranging them into different categories, the author 482 plans to use common methods to define data This way is taking time; however, the 483 author only does research with 16 participants, it is not impossible to it They are 484 Mean, Median and Mode 485 Mean is the method which allows defining the average Skype usage by adding the A + B + C @ 486 set of numbers (A, B, C…), then divide the total (@) Median shows the 487 middle by arranging the set of numbers follow the order from small to big ones, after that 488 choosing the middle numbers, adding them and dividing the result with Last but not 489 least, finding the most common number/ the most popular information by making up the 490 set of number as the Median from the least to great and see which numbers are the most 491 common ones that called the Mode 492 II.2.3.2 Surveys 493 Scaled responses (e.g., dissatisfied, somewhat dissatisfied, neutral, somewhat 494 satisfied, satisfied) are usually converted to numerical values (1, 2, 3, 4, 5) for easier 495 analysis The answers of each question will be arranged separately according to different 496 database, and then for one question there will have a number of distinguish results 497 answered by many participants are counted and exchanged into the different percent The Ax100% (%) total 498 general formula will be , ‘A’ stands for the number of an optional answers 499 We can easily know the result for each question depending on their percent by a simple 500 calculation method 501 With open- ended questions, they are harder to interpret the result because the 502 answer usage are words, phrases and sentences Therefore, he gathers information and 503 groups similar comments together based on the consistent criteria Then, he can continue 504 applying the same formula in close- ended questions to know exactly how many percent 505 of each chose answer 506 III Conclusion 507 To conduct one research require a lot of efforts and investments into that In this 508 research, the investigator applies common quantitative and qualitative methods are 509 Focus Group and Surveys experienced many stages to complete doing research Both of 510 them have benefits and limitations which support each other In the analyzing data 511 process, the researcher uses the handwork calculation which takes more time rather than 512 software usage, but in the not big scale research and a small number of participants, it can 513 be acceptable 514 After all, the result mostly based on the percentage of the answers and the options 515 from every participant Thanks to Focus Group and Surveys methods, everyone would 516 find out the importance of Skype in English Communication for K39 English 517 Pedagogical Class at home can be predicted as degrees: important, neutral, non- 518 important which shows how effective this software brings to students and how often they 519 use it If the most percent for the first case is high (about > 50%), it confirms the vital 520 role and the advantages of using this software in self- study for students However, if the 521 proportion of the third case accounts for the largest percent, it means Skype users meet 522 many difficulties and it will lead to new discussion is the problem solution 523 524 525 526 IV REFERENCE AND APPENDIX 527 IV.1 REFERRENCE 528 Anderson, J A., (1987) Communication research: Issues and methods New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company 529 530 DeVito, J A., (1986) The communication handbook: A dictionary New York: Harper & Row 531 532 Online 533 webster.com/dictionary/communication> 534 Project Management Institute, Inc The Essential Role of Communications, May 2013 535 from < http://www.pmi.org/~/media/PDF/Business-Solutions/The-High-Cost- 536 Low-Performance-The-Essential-Role-of-Communications.ashx> 537 538 “Merriam- Webster” Dictionary Available at 543 Nguyễn Danh Chiến, 2009 Phương pháp dạy môn học tiếng anh THCS (ELT 544 Methodology – Middle schools) [e- journal] Available at: 545 548 Nguyen Tran Duong, (1996) Information technology, communication and development 549 from Vietnam Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 550 Available at < (http://hdl.handle.net/10220/1383)> 551 552 553 554 555 556 557 558 559 560 561 562 563 564 IV.2 APPENDIX 565 IV.2.1 Focus Groups 566 IV.2.1.1 Introductory questions 567 When did you start using Skype? What experiences have you had of Skype learning 568 methods? 569 IV.2.1.2 Specific questions 570 What you like/ dislike about Skype learning methods? 571 Which common topics/ contents/ skills you and your friends practice in Skype? 572 Given that Skype learning methods require everyone to have a computer and 573 universities will not be able to afford this, how would you feel about being expected to 574 provide your own computer to support your studies at university? 575 Finally, is there anything connected with Skype learning methods which has not been 576 discussed that you feel strongly about and would like to bring up now? 577 IV.2.2 Questionnaire 578 IV.2.2.1 Demographic information 579 Where are you from? 580 581 Are you male/ female? 582 _ 583 How long have you been learning English? 584 _ 585 IV.2.2.2 Behavior information 586 Which English skills below are you good at? (- can choose more than answer) 587  Speaking  Listening  Reading 588 How often you practice English Communication with your friends? 589 Always 590 Which common activities have you been applying so far (besides lessons at school) to 591 enhance your English speaking and listening skills? (-can choose more than answer) 592  Taking part in English Club/ Center Usually Often  Writing Sometimes1 Seldom Never ... ENGLISH PEDAGOGY STUDENTS IN THE THIRD YEAR AT HANOI 16 PEDAGOGICAL UNIVERSITY NUMBER 17 Tống Huệ Phương 18 Class K39SPA 19 Hanoi Pedagogical University No.2 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 PART ONE: INTRODUCTION... research about topic 330 “Applying SKYPE to enhance English Communication skill for the third year K39 331 students at HPU2”, the researcher exploits and carries it out effectively due to the 332... 403 Groups method, within each group contains participants, of course, all of them study at 404 K39 English Pedagogy class However, before inviting them, based on two different 405 characteristics