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III. Atoms, Elements and Minerals
A. Changing Scale: Zooming in from global view to atomic scale
Slide 3
Atoms and Elements
Ions
Slide 6
Slide 7
Most Common Elements of Earth’s Crust
B. Introduction to Minerals
Intro to Minerals
Some Familiar Crystal Forms
Silica Tetrahedra
Slide 13
Slide 14
Slide 15
Slide 16
Slide 17
Slide 18
Slide 19
Definition of Mineral
C. Silica Tetrahedra and Silicate Minerals
Silicate Minerals: Examples
Slide 23
Slide 24
Slide 25
Building Silicates
Slide 27
Slide 28
Slide 29
Single Chain Silicates
Slide 31
Double Chain Silicates
Slide 33
Sheet Silicates
Silicate Minerals
Framework Silicates
Slide 37
Nội dung
III Atoms, Elements and Minerals A Changing scales to looking at the elements of the earth and its crust (8 most common) B Introduction to minerals that comprise rocks (11 most common) C The silicate minerals (7) D Other important rock-forming minerals (4) E Mineral properties A Changing Scale: Zooming in from global view to atomic scale Quartz Biotite Feldspar The crust is made of rocks > Rocks are made of minerals > … A Changing Scale: Zooming in from global view to atomic scale Rocks are made of minerals > Minerals are made of atoms Atoms and Elements Nucleus Protons Neutrons + Charge Has Mass, Atomic # Charge Mass same as One Proton Atomic Mass # Electrons In shells (2, 8, 8…) - charge (balances each proton +) Very little Mass Electron Shells Ions Incomplete electron shells tend to be filled E.g Chlorine (Cl-) 17 protons (at.# 17) 17 electrons would make it neutral (no charge) with the last shell one electron short {2, 8, 7} Soooo… Tends to grab an electron to fill the third shell Making it a negatively charged Ion (anion) Ions Other Common Examples Sodium Sodium, at.# 11 {2, 8, 1} Na+ (Cation) Oxygen, at.# {2,6}, O-2 Silicon, at.# 14 {2,8,4} Si+4 Oxygen Most Common Elements of Earth’s Crust Oxygen: Silicon: Aluminum: Iron: O-2 Si+4 Al+3 Fe+2 or +3 Calcium: Ca+2 Sodium: Na+1 Potassium: K+1 Magnesium: Mg+2 B Introduction to Minerals Halite (Rock Salt) Mineral mined for rock salt and table salt Na gives electron to Cl Opposites attract, elements bond NaCl (Sodium Chloride) * Intro to Minerals Repeating 3-D pattern forms a Crystalline Solid (or Crystal) Naturally occurring Crystal Form crystals are Minerals Crystalline structure and bonding leads to physical properties: hardness, crystal form, cleavage specific gravity (density) (pg 38-43) planes of cleavage * Silicate Minerals: Examples E.g., Olivine * Isolated silicate structure bonded with iron and magnesium Makes up much of the mantle Fe/Mg rich >50% Silica poor