Speed up your french

fb.com/ebook.sos ebooksos.blogspot.com Speed Up Your French Speed Up Your French is a unique and innovative resource that identifies and explains the errors most commonly made by students of French From false friends to idiomatic expressions and the use of prepositions, each of the nine chapters focuses on an aspect of the language where English speakers typically make mistakes Full explanations are provided throughout with clear, comprehensive examples, enabling students to acquire a surer grasp of French vocabulary and idiom, as well as grammar Key features: carefully selected grammar topics and examples based on the most commonly made errors extensive exercises and answer key to reinforce learning, link theory to practice and promote self-study use of mnemonic devices, including illustrations, to aid understanding supplementary exercises and answer key available at www.routledge.com/ cw/jubb Suitable for either classroom use or self-study, Speed Up Your French is the ideal resource for all intermediate learners of French wishing to refine their language skills Margaret Jubb is Honorary Senior Lecturer in French at the University of Aberdeen Speed Up Your Language Skills SERIES EDITOR: Javier Muủoz-Basols, University of Oxford, UK The Speed Up Your Language Skills series publishes innovative, high-quality textbooks focusing on common errors as an effective tool to improve ones skills in a foreign language Such errors are often either driven by linguistic transfer from English or caused by common misperceptions about the grammatical structure of a foreign language The primary objectives of the series are to explain and illustrate in context the most common errors made by English-speaking students in a foreign language and to classify them in easy-to-reference categories Students can thus learn the appropriate usage of words and expressions and understand the reasons why they persistently make the same mistakes The inclusion of exercises, shortcuts, mnemonic devices and much-needed strategies, not usually seen in conventional grammar books, facilitates vocabulary acquisition and mastery of essential grammatical elements Books in the series are intended as primary or supplementary texts at the intermediate and advanced levels Due to its self-explanatory approach and userfriendly format, the series is also recommended for self-learners who wish to speed up their language skills Available titles in the series: Speed up your Arabic Sebastian Maisel Speed up your Chinese Shin Yong Robson Speed up your French Margaret Jubb Speed up your Korean Lucien Brown and Jaehoon Yeon Speed up your Spanish Javier Muủoz-Basols, Marianne David and Olga Nỳủez Piủeiro Speed Up Your French Strategies to avoid common errors Margaret Jubb First published 2016 by Routledge Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN and by Routledge 711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business â 2016 Margaret Jubb The right of Margaret Jubb to be identified as author of this work has been asserted by her in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 All rights reserved No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Jubb, Margaret A Title: Speed up your French : strategies to avoid common errors / Margaret Jubb Description: Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, [2016] | Series: Speed up your Language Skills | Includes bibliographical references and index Identifiers: LCCN 2015035056| ISBN 9781138849990 (hardback : alk paper) | ISBN 9781138850002 (pbk : alk paper) | ISBN 9781315725062 (ebook) Subjects: LCSH: French languageGrammarProblems, exercises, etc | French language Errors in usage | French languageTextbooks for foreign speakersEnglish Classification: LCC PC2460 J83 2016 | DDC 448.2/421dc23 LC record available at http://lccn.loc.gov/2015035056 ISBN: 978-1-138-84999-0 (hbk) ISBN: 978-1-138-85000-2 (pbk) ISBN: 978-1-315-72506-2 (ebk) Typeset in Swiss 721 and Zapf Calligraphic by Florence Production Ltd, Stoodleigh, Devon, UK Additional materials are available on the companion website at www.routledge.com/cw/jubb Contents Introduction vii Gender and number Mastering false friends: verbs 34 Mastering false friends: nouns 53 Mastering false friends: adjectives and adverbs 90 Common verb phrases and idiomatic expressions 110 Pronominal verbs 137 Problem pairs and other misused expressions 160 Use of prepositions 187 Spelling and more 215 Appendix 1: Use of prepositions with names of countries and islands Appendix 2: Answer key to exercises Bibliography Index 230 235 245 247 This page intentionally left blank Introduction This book is intended for English-speaking students, either at secondary school or at university, who have attained an intermediate level in French It is designed primarily as a guide for self-learning, though it could also be used as a supplement to classroom materials, both for intermediate-level students and for more advanced students who need to revise particular areas of the language It focuses on the aspects of foreign language, such as false friends, idiomatic expressions, and the use of prepositions that typically cause English speakers difficulty in their production and understanding of French The aim is to enable students to identify, understand and overcome their errors in order to become more competent and confident language users with a surer grasp of vocabulary and idiom, as well as grammar The illustrative examples that accompany the sections of explanation are as important as the explanations themselves in encouraging students to break old connections based on false analogies with English and form new connections and associations with other related French expressions Students will develop their own learning strategies through active engagement with the material in the book, but at particular points mnemonic devices are suggested, both for immediate support and in the hope that they will encourage the creation of other self-tailored devices Throughout the book, it is emphasised that the examples given can rarely be exhaustive, and students are advised, when appropriate, to consult a good bilingual dictionary or a reference grammar to further their independent learning Active learning is promoted by the extensive exercises and answer key for selfchecking In each chapter, the final exercise takes the form of a continuous text with gaps to be filled Unlike the earlier sentence-based exercises, each of which relates to a particular section or sections of a chapter, this final exercise covers the whole chapter and serves as a revision tool It would be impossible to cover in a single book every type of common error, so a selection has necessarily had to be made The author has deliberately decided viii Speed Up Your French not to write a revision grammar, but rather to follow the precedent set by the Spanish volume in the Speed Up Your Language series with a focus on vocabulary and idiom as much as on grammar This book brings together a variety of material, accompanied by exercises, that is not readily available elsewhere in such a systematised form We hope that it will enable students to improve their mastery of French not only by avoiding common errors but also by acquiring a deeper understanding of the language and a richer range of expression Chapter deals with the gender and number of simple and compound nouns in French The first part underlines how important it is for students to learn the gender of nouns so they can improve the accuracy of their spoken and written French A list of general patterns helps to predict the gender of a noun, in some cases according to meaning, but more often according to ending Notable exceptions are highlighted and attention is drawn to common problem nouns Some subtleties of the language are then explored by discussing nouns that change meaning according to gender, e.g un crốme (a white coffee) as opposed to la crốme (cream), or whose gender varies according to use, e.g tous les braves gens (m.), but toutes les vieilles gens (f.) The second part of the chapter focuses on the formation of the plural of simple and compound nouns in French It then highlights differences between the two languages in their treatment of the plural, discussing cases where a plural in French corresponds to a singular in English and vice versa The final section of the chapter tackles common problems with adjective agreements, which arise as soon as matters of gender and number are considered Chapters 2, and 4, though they deal respectively with verbs, nouns, and adjectives and adverbs, all focus on the phenomenon of false friends, which are a common cause of error for English-speaking students These words look like English words, but they have a different meaning In each chapter, there are two lists, the first consisting of false friends proper and the second of words whose meaning overlaps partially with the assumed English equivalent Example sentences are chosen to illustrate the meaning of the words in context and useful phrases are given to help fix them in the memory Related words and synonyms are discussed, all with the aim of expanding students vocabulary and accuracy of usage Chapter deals with common phrases and idiomatic expressions used with the verbs aller, avoir, donner, ờtre, faire, mettre, prendre, tenir, tomber and venir If students are not aware of the variety of ways in which these verbs are used and how often their meaning is not a literal one, e.g venir de faire quelque chose (to have just done something), common errors of misunderstanding may arise This chapter encourages students to add these expressions to their active, as well as their passive, vocabulary Chapter highlights pronominal verbs like se dộbrouiller (to manage) Englishspeaking students of French are sometimes surprised by the frequency with which 240 Speed Up Your French EXERCISE laisser tomber / faire de lui / a fait de son mieux / a fait son possible / en est venu / a assez / a marre / Il y a or Cela / ỗa fait / se faire / faire plaisir / leur faire comprendre / 10 le faire travailler / 11 lui faire aimer / 12 De l vient qu / 13 se mettre / 14 ny tient pas / 15 faire vite / 16 faire semblant de / 17 tout prendre / 18 ira mieux / 19 leur fera remarquer / 20 tient de Chapter EXERCISE 1 se doutait / se rend / approche / se plaint / me rendre / sộclaircir / ferme / se concentrer / sest beaucoup amộliorộ / 10 coucher / 11 sest passộ / 12 te rendre / 13 se dộbrouille / 14 nộchappe / 15 sent / 16 sest laissộ / 17 Either option is acceptable / 18 se sont agrandis / 19 ne se sont pas aperỗus de / 20 me demande; se dộcider EXERCISE 2 Je me suis vu / entendu proposer un poste intộressant Les livres se classent par auteur Les assiettes se rangent dans le buffet de cuisine Je me suis vu / entendu dire que le directeur ộtait en rộunion Ce produit se vend uniquement en pharmacie Ce jambon se mange cru ầa ne sest jamais vu! Ils se sont vu / entendu rộpondre quil ne restait plus de places EXERCISE 3 10 Le chanteur sest fait huer par le public Je me suis laissộ persuader de louer lappartement Notre ộquipe sest fait battre par zộro Le professeur sest fait harceler de questions Il sest laissộ tromper par sa femme Jai peur de me faire attaquer par surprise Les voleurs se sont fait arrờter par les policiers Vous risquez de vous faire / laisser prendre dans une bagarre Tu tes laissộ avoir par cet escroc Je me suis fait interpeller par un chahuteur EXERCISE Tiens-toi; arrờte / a ộcartộ / tes trompộ; sộcrit / sintộresse / sest effondrộe / sest assise / se mờle / figure / se dộrouler / 10 sest beaucoup affaiblie / 11 sest cassộ / 12 senrichit / 13 portent / 14 a tournộ / 15 ộtait assise / 16 sest allongộ / 17 sest vite habituộ; coucher / 18 se sộparer / 19 servir / 20 me sens Appendix 2: Answer key to exercises 241 EXERCISE pour / / de / de / / sur / dans / / / 10 de EXERCISE saffaiblit / correct! / lavộ / ộcrit / affaiblissent / fait / correct! / obscurcissaient / rencontrộs / 10 entendu EXERCISE tant sen faut / sest complốtement transformộe / se charger de / se sont trốs bien dộbrouillộes / enrichissait / se permettre / samộliorait / se fatiguer / se sentir / 10 il fallait / 11 ộchapper au / 12 se trouver / 13 ộlargir / 14 se passer d / 15 se concentrer / 16 se rộconcilier / 17 se dộcide OR se rộsolve / 18 se laisser faire / 19 se respectant / 20 se fait respecter Chapter EXERCISE 1 savoir; sait / avez-vous su / je ne sais; sache; la connu / savez-vous; sais / a su / connu; sait / connaợt; sait / je my connais; saurais / savoir / 10 connu / 11 partie; revenir / 12 sorti; reviendra / 13 quittộ; retourner / 14 laissant / 15 rentrer; oubliộ / 16 vivent; quitter / 17 sorti; partir / 18 parti; sais; habitent; vộcu / 19 posộ; savais; a su / 20 vivent; poser EXERCISE partie / moment; la premiốre fois / En ce moment; dans le temps; dộlais / matinộe; le temps / lheure actuelle; lannộe / toute la journộe; partie / partis; de toutes parts / temps / annộes; ộpoque / 10 part / 11 de lộpoque victorienne / 12 part / 13 scientifique; sociologue / 14 une bonne soirộe / 15 part; la soirộe; part EXERCISE 3a mieux; mieux / meilleur / mieux / meilleur / mieux mieux / mieux; meilleure / mieux; mieux / mieux; meilleur / mieux / 10 meilleur EXERCISE 3b y / en / en / y / en / en / en / y / y; en / 10 en EXERCISE Dici / oự / Jusquici / Dici peu / l / jusque-l; Dici l / Quest-ce qui / quoi quil arrive / dici / 10 Qui est-ce qui EXERCISE 5a Son nouveau rụle de reprộsentant du parti lui plaợt Dans cet ouvrage il sagit des origines du mouvement fộministe Les enfants leur manquent 242 Speed Up Your French 10 11 12 Mais il ne sagit pas de ỗa! Elle manque dhumour Les truffes au chocolat lui plaisent Sagissant de la santộ / Quand il sagit de la santộ Il lui manque 000 euros il sagissait de son bonheur Il ne sagit pas daccepter cette proposition Sa femme lui manque De quoi sest-il agi? 13 14 15 16 Tu me manques De quoi va-t-il sagir dans votre nouveau livre? Les cadeaux leur ont plu Il sagit de rộpondre sans dộlai EXERCISE 5b d / des / de / d / des EXERCISE 5c autant / pas mal de / tant d / tellement d / autant d / assez souvent / ộnormộment de / autant de / une bonne part de / tellement / 10 tant / tellement de EXERCISE annộe / connaợt / ans / scientifique / sait / est retournộe / poser des questions / demander / en pensait / 10 dune part / 11 du temps / 12 dautre part / 13 meilleur / 14 Ce qui lui plaợt / 15 beaucoup dộtudiants / 16 beaucoup des ộtudiants / 17 connaissait / 18 une bonne part du temps Chapter EXERCISE 1 en; en / Dans la / du Havre; de / dans / ; en / ; aux / dans; dans / du; de / dans / 10 au; en EXERCISE 2a Depuis / sous / pendant / no preposition / pendant / dans / En / depuis / pour / 10 no preposition EXERCISE 2b ce moment-l / De leur temps / en mờme temps / en ce moment / Dans le temps or En ce temps-l / de temps en temps / en temps de guerre EXERCISE dont / or en / de / ; de / de / d; d / au / en or par le / de / 10 de Appendix 2: Answer key to exercises 243 EXERCISE sur / de lautre cụtộ de / avant / chez; travers / Sous / sur / travers / En tant que / Dốs / 10 sur / 11 aux / 12 dans / 13 vers; dentre / 14 devant / 15 ; no preposition / 16 par; envers / 17 partir de / 18 cause de / 19 partir de / 20 Hors d or Sors/Sortez d; par EXERCISE / / d / au / en / de / no preposition / du / / 10 no preposition EXERCISE 6a de / no preposition / contre / / de / / de / no preposition / no preposition / 10 / 11 de / 12 en / 13 de / 14 d / 15 dans / 16 no preposition / 17 d / 18 / 19 de / 20 EXERCISE 6b leur / les / dont / jen / leur / lui / y / dont / qu / 10 dont / 11 lui / 12 leur EXERCISE 7a posộ (put down) / sortir (take / put out) / prendre (pick up) / descendre (bring / take down) / ộteindre (switch off) / jetộ (thrown out) / monter (bring / take / get up) / remet (puts back) / ộtendre (hang / put out) / 10 remets (put off) / 11 ộteindre (put out) / 12 se passe (is going on) / 13 rentrer (bring in) / 14 rapporte (brings back) / 15 rapproche (brings together) / 16 franchir (get through) EXERCISE 7b a montộ en rampant / a descendu en boitant / avons avancộ tõtons / a traversộ en courant / sest ộloignộ la nage / a descendu skis / sest approchộe dun pas dộsinvolte / est sorti en courant EXERCISE de / / en / En ce moment / / dans / comme / chercher / travers / 10 avant / 11 la / 12 en / 13 d / 14 rempli / 15 lui / 16 sur / 17 la / 18 / la ville lui manquera / 20 no preposition Chapter EXERCISE 1 objectif / langage / responsable / beaucoup / adresser / indộpendance / correct! / mộdecine / positifs / 10 adresse EXERCISE Oự / correct! / peine / ỗ / paraợtra / dỷ / ầa / crộộ / Ou / 10 connaissons 244 Speed Up Your French EXERCISE 3a jette / mốne / commenỗons / espốrent / appelle / mangeons / achốte EXERCISE 3b achốterai / cộdera / jettera / appellerai / mốnera EXERCISE le / de l / la / le / de / d / l; le; de l / si elle; sils / qui; qu / 10 Chacun; quelquefois EXERCISE espagnole; franỗaise / reine; la Chambre des communes / rue de Rivoli; place de la Concorde / locộan Atlantique; ộtộ / maghrộbins; parisienne / catholiques; dimanche / gộnộral de Gaulle; juin / Moyen ge / Sộcuritộ sociale / 10 Bout de souffle; anglais EXERCISE 2,5%; 520 000 (or 520.000); 518 700 (or 518.700) / 2020 (no punctuation); 500 (or 1.500) / 0,5%; 1,3% / 2020 (no punctuation); 290 500 (or 5.290.500); 0,5%; +28 000 (or +28.000); 6,7%; +334 200 (or +334.200) EXERCISE lespace / OBJET / lhonneur / / lespace / Lobjectif / lespace / professionnels / europộenne / jeudi / vendredi / samedi / janvier / avenue / sadresse / qu / mốnerez / / ộchanges / europộen / effectuer / professionnel / perfectionnement / exposộs / exact / rappelle / lhộbergement / pratiques / dộcembre Bibliography Adamson, Robin and others (1999) Le Franỗais en facultộ, cours de base, 3rd edition, London: Hodder and Stoughton Batchelor, Ronald Ernest and Offord, Malcolm Hugh (2000) Using French: A Guide to Contemporary French Usage, 3rd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press Coffman Crocker, Mary E (2009) Schaums Outline of French Grammar, 5th edition, New York: McGraw-Hill Crowe, Ann and Weslowski, Maureen (1993) NTCs Dictionary of French faux pas Common Errors of English-speakers in French and How to Avoid Them, Indiana: National Textbook Company Duffy, Jean (1992) Problems with prepositions, French Studies Bulletin 42, 410 Duffy, Jean (1999) Using French Vocabulary, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press Engel, Dulcie, Evans, George and Howells, Valerie (1998) A French Grammar Workbook, Oxford: Blackwell Ferrar, Henry (1982) A French Reference Grammar, 2nd edition, Oxford: Oxford University Press Hawkins, Roger and Towell, Richard (2015) French Grammar and Usage, 4th edition, London: Routledge Hawkins, Roger, Towell, Richard and Lamy, Marie-Noởlle (2015) Practising French Grammar, 4th edition, London: Routledge Jubb, Margaret (2007) Upgrade your French, 2nd edition, London: Hodder Arnold Jubb, Margaret and Rouxeville, Annie (2014) French Grammar in Context, 4th edition, London: Routledge Judge, Anne and Healey, Frederick (1985) A Reference Grammar of Modern French, London: Arnold Kirk-Greene, Christopher Walter Edward (1990) NTCs Dictionary of faux amis, Indiana: National Textbook Company LHuillier, Monique (1999) Advanced French Grammar, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press Morton, Jacqueline (2013) English Grammar for Students of French, 7th edition, Ann Arbor, Michigan: Olivia and Hill Press 246 Speed Up Your French Muủoz-Basols, Javier, David, Marianne and Nỳủez Piủeiro, Olga (2010) Speed Up Your Spanish Strategies to Avoid Common Errors, Oxford and New York: Routledge Price, Glanville (2008) A Comprehensive French Grammar, 6th edition, Oxford: Blackwell Thoday, Philip and Evans, Howard (1988) Faux Amis and Key Words: a Dictionary-guide to French Language, Culture and Society through Lookalikes and Confusables, London: Athlone Press Thomas, Adolphe Victor (2014) Dictionnaire des difficultộs de la langue franỗaise, Paris: Larousse Turk, Phil and Vandaele, Geneviốve Garcớa (2006) Action grammaire, 3rd edition, London: Hodder Education Bilingual dictionaries Collins Robert French Dictionary (2010) 9th edition, Glasgow and Paris: HarperCollins and Dictionnaires Le Robert The Oxford-Hachette French Dictionary (2007) 4th edition, Oxford: Oxford University Press Online dictionary www.wordreference.com/ Index : expressing distance 188; expressing location 1889; expressing movement to a place 1889; for natural movements and travel 195; + definite article to translate with 203 cause de 199 partir de 200 propos de 36, 197 travers 197 about / concerning: translation of 197 abuser 46 abusif 91 acadộmique 91 accents 21820; acute 218; cedilla 219; circumflex 219; grave 218; on some -er verb forms 21920 accord 56; ờtre daccord 36 saccorder 36 according to: translation of 197 achốvement 54 achever 35; sachever 35 across: translation of 1978 actif 100 actuel 92 actuellement 92, 98 adjectives: agreement of 312 affluence 54 agenda 8, 545 agent de conservation 77 agonie 55 agoniser 35 agrộer 36 agrộment 55 agresser 41 aide: m and f 14 allộe 56 aller: expressions with 11112; sen aller 139, 165 altộration 56 altộrer 36; saltộrer 37 among: translation of 198 amusant 101 an: vs annộe 1723 ancien 101 angoisse 55 annonce 57 apercevoir 141; sapercevoir de 138, 141, 209 approcher de 141; sapprocher de 138, 141, 209 argent 75 around / about: translation of 1989 arriver: different meanings 1789 as: translation of 199 assistance 81 assister 46, 81, 208 atelier 79 attaquer 141; sattaquer 141 atteindre 35 attendre: two meanings 179; sattendre 179 attộnuer 40 attractif 101 attrayant 101 au sujet de 197 au travers de 197 audience 81 aussi 102 autant de 184 automobiliste 75 autour de 198 avant 199200 248 Index avantages 62 avec 203 avertissement 57 aveugler 38 avoir: expressions with 11218 balancement 57 balancer 37 beaucoup 32; + de / + des 1834; never preceded by a qualifying expression 184 because of: translation of 199 before: translation of 199200 bibliothộcaire 72 bibliothốque 7, 73 bienveillant 96 blessure 69 blinder 38 blouse 57 brave 102 by: translation of 200 cachot 65 capacitộ 67 capital letters 219, 2246 car 58 cargaison 58 cargo 58 casserole 589 caution 59 cave 59 caverne 59 chagrin 67, 114 change 60 changement 60 changer 37, 209 chõtiment 78 chef dorchestre 61 chef de train 61 chemisier 57 chốvre: m and f 14 chez 198 chips 60 chose: gender 201 civil 1023 client 75 cocotte 59 collective nouns 30 collốge 812 comộdien 60 comique 61 commander 467 comme 199 commoditộ 62 compatissant 100 compộtence 67 complainte 61 complaisance 82 complet 92 complexion 61 comporter 141; se comporter 138, 141 compound nouns 10; gender of 1012; plural of 268 comprộhensif 92 concernant 197 conducteur 61 confộrence 62, 72 conforter 38 confronter 47 congrốs 62 connaợtre 161, 1634; imperfect vs passộ composộ 1634; useful expressions with 164 conscience 82 considộrer 42 consoler 38 content 93 contrụle 823 contrụler 47, 83 convenance 62 convenir 36, 208 cordial 96 coucher 141; se coucher 138, 141 courageux 102 cours 62, 63, 72 course 63 courtier 63 courtisan 63 courtois 103 crốme: m and f 15 crờpe: m and f 15 crier 389 critique: m and f 15 croire: different usages 204 dans: expressing location 18990; expressing time 193; to translate out of 2012; use of dans les 198 daprốs 197 daubiốre 59 de: after a superlative 196; before an agent 200; expressing distance 195; + faỗon/maniốre 194; indicating geographical origin 1901; to translate in 195; to translate with 195; with measurements 196 se dộbarrasser de 39 dộbrouiller 142; se dộbrouiller 138, 142 Index 249 dộception 63 dộcider de 141, 142; + noun 142; se dộcider 138, 141, 142; se dộcider pour 142 de la part de 201 dentre 198 dộlai 64, 171 dộlicat 95 dộlice: variable gender 21 demander 39, 142, 168; construction with 152, 207, 208; se demander 138, 142 dộnuement 64 depuis 192; + imperfect tense 192; + present tense 192 dộrangement 68 dộrouler 142; se dộrouler 139, 142 dốs 200 dộsaltộrer 37; se dộsaltộrer 37 dộshonneur 645 destitution 64 dộtaillộ 92 devant 199200 diffộrent 103 difficultộ 80 disgrõce 645 disgracieux 93 disposer de 39 dissertation 65 donjon 65 donner: construction with 152, 208; expressions with 11819 dont 194, 210 douleur 9, 55, 57 douter de 142, 209; se douter de 139, 142 doux 96 droit 19 droite 19 ộblouir 38 ộchapper 142; sộchapper de 139, 142 ộcurie 66 effectif 94 effectivement 94 efficace 94 efficacement 94 elision 2224 emplacement 73 employer 45 en: preposition expressing location 189; expressing movement to a place 189; expressing time 193; for travel 195; to translate as 199 en: pronoun 177, 210 en fait 92 en tant que 199 en travers de 198 engagộ 94 engin 65 enivrer 41 ộnormộment de 184 ensemble 32 sentendre + inf as alternative to passive 1512, 155 entre 198 entrộe 67 envers 202 environ 1989 ộpoque 171 ộquilibrage 57 ộquilibre: se tenir en 37 ộquilibrer 37 espace: m and f 7, 15 essence 75 ộtable 66 ộtape 79 ộtiquette 83 ờtre: expressions with 11920 ộventuel 95 ộventuellement 95 ộvidence 66 ộvoluer 478, 83 ộvolution 83 exact 92 exactement 92 excộder 48 exiger 39 expộdier 3940 expộrience 83 extộnuer 40 faire: expressions with 1225; + inf in causative construction 1256; faire semblant de 42, 124; se faire 1267; se faire + inf in causative construction 127, 155 falloir 143; il faut 143; peu sen faut 143; tant sen faut 143 fastidieux 95 fermer 143; se fermer 139, 143 fiancộ 94 figure 834 figurer 143; se figurer 139, 143 fois 16970 formation 84 fraude 63 frộquence 68 250 Index frites 60 from: translation of 200 gender: according to meaning 25; common mistakes 89; common problem nouns 10; of compound nouns 1012; feminine endings 68; masculine endings 56; meaning changes according to gender 1419; of place names 4; problematic endings 89; and sex 23; varies according to use 202 gộnial 95 gens: variable gender 21 grief 667 griser 41 grossier 91 grotte 60 h: aspirate 2223, 231, 234; mute 2223 habiletộ 67 habiter 166 hall 67, 223 halle 67, 223 hardi 96 heure 171 homme politique 76 honte 64 honteux 94 hors de 2012 hụte 84 hurler 40 ici: referring to place or time 17980 ignorer 48 il fait: impersonal expressions 125 il sagit de 1812 il y a 11618 impoli 99 impolitesse 78 important 97, 103 importuner 41 in: translation of 2001 incessamment 96 incidence 68 inconvenance 68 inconvộnient 68 indigence 64 infộrieur 1034 ingộniositộ 68 ingộnuitộ 68 injure 68 injurieux 91 intoxication 41, 69 intoxiquer 401 inusable 45, 96 inutilisable 45, 96 inviter 168 -ir verbs: conjugation of 1556; idiomatic use of 148 irascible 98 irascibilitộ 76 irritable 98 irritabilitộ 76 issue 69 ivresse 69 se jeter 40 jouer: + 205; + de 205 jour: vs journộe 1723 jusqu 202 l: referring to place or time 1789 laisser 165; laisser tomber 132; se laisser + inf 46, 1467, 155 lamentable 98 lancer 40; se lancer 40 large 97 largement 97 lecture 72 libraire 72 librairie 73 licence 73 lieu 80 livre: m and f 15 locataire 74 location 73 logeur / logeuse 73 lowercase letters in French 2246 loyer 77 luxe 74, 978 luxueux 978 luxure 74 luxurieux 978 maillot de corps 80 manche: m and f 16 manuvre: m and f 16 manquer 1823, 2056 matin: vs matinộe 1723 mộcốne 75 mộdecin 76 mộditer 42 meilleur 1767 mờme 92; adjective vs adverb 32 mộmoire: m and f 16, 65 merci: m and f 16 mộticuleux 95 Index 251 mettre: expressions with 1278; se mettre 1289 mieux 1767 misộrable 98 misốre 9, 64, 74 misused expressions: beaucoup 1834; il sagit de 1812; manquer 1823; plaire 183 mode: m and f 16 modification 56 modifier 37 molester 41 moment 170 monnaie 7, 12, 60, 74 mort: m and f 17 moteur 9, 66 motoriste 75 moule: m and f 17 nationality: adjectives and nouns of 225 Noởl: gender 212 nouns: collective 30; compound 1012, 268; formation of plural 235; gender according to ending 510; gender according to meaning 25; gender varies according to use 202; meaning changes according to gender 1419; with only a plural form 256 numbers: presentation in French 227; use of comma 227; use of space or full stop 227 obtenir 35 occasion 84 occupations: names of 1745 occupộ 94 uvre: variable gender 22 office 85 on: indefinite subject + active verb to translate an English passive 151 on: translation of 201 ordre du jour 55 orgue: variable gender 22 oự: referring to place or time 180 oublier 165 out of: translation of 2012 page: m and f 17 Põques: gender 22 par: before an agent 200; before an expression of time 201; to translate out of 202 parce que 199 parent 85 parler de 197 parmi 198 part 174 parti 173 partie 173 partir 164 pas mal de 184 passer 41, 143; faire passer 41; se passer 140, 143; se passer de 140, 143 pathộtique 98 patron 75 peine 80 pendant 192 penser: + 205; + de 205 pensionnaire 74 perdre la vue 38 permettre 1434, 152, 209; se permettre 140, 1434 permis 73 personne: gender 2, 8, 21 pộtrole 75 pộtulance 76 pộtulant 98 phase 79 photographe 174 photographie 174 phrasal verbs: one verb in French 21112; translation into French 21112; verb + adverbial phrase or gerund 212 physicien 76, 174 physique: m and f 17 piốce 856 place 78 plaindre 144; se plaindre 140, 144 plainte 61 plaire: construction with 183, 208 pleurer 39 plural: of compound nouns 268; of simple nouns 235; treatment different in French 2930 poờle: m and f 17 poộsie 80 politicien 76 pondre 42 populaire 104 porter 144; se porter 140, 144 poser une question 168 poste: m and f 18 pour: expressing time 192 pouvoir: vs savoir 162 prộcieux 100 prộjudice 76 prộjugộ 76 252 Index prendre: expressions with 12930; se prendre pour 130; sen prendre 130; sy prendre 130 prepositions: common translation problems 1978; different construction after a verb in English and French 20710; in expressions of manner 1945; in expressions of measurement 1956; in expressions of place 18891; and Appendix 1; in expressions of time 1923; French verbs with two or more different usages 2046; none before a day / date 201; translation of English phrasal verbs 21112 prộsentement 98 prộservatif 77 prộtendre 42 preuve 66 problem nouns: part / party 1734; scientist and other occupations 1745; time 16971; year and related words 1723 problem verbs: to ask 168; to know 1614; to leave 1646; to live 166; to return 167 problốme 6, 10, 69 procộdộ 77 procốs 77 processus 77 programme 8, 55 pronominal verbs: agreement of past participle 1545; as intransitive 1479; lexicalised 13847; points of grammar 1546; state vs action 1534; to translate an English passive 14952 prudence 59 public: as adjective 103, 217; as noun 81, 217 publicitộ 57 puce 60 punition 78 quelque chose 201, 224 quelquefois 224 question 69 quitter 166 ragoỷt 59 raisonnable 100 rapporter 44 rộalisateur 49 rộalisation 54 rộaliser 489 receveur 61 rộclamation 61 rộconforter 38 reỗu: ờtre reỗu 41 reculer 149; se reculer 149 rộel 92 rộflộchir 42 refuser de 141, 144; se refuser 141, 144 remarquer 423; faire remarquer 43 se remettre 45 remplacer 43 rendre 144; + adjective 144; rendre compte de 145; se rendre + adjective 144; se rendre compte de 145 rente 77 rentrer 167 replacer 43 reporter 434 se reposer 44 reprendre 45 rộsoudre de 141, 145; se rộsoudre 141, 145 ressentiment 44 ressentir 44 rester 44; with no preposition + time 192 rộsumer 45 retard 64 retourner 167 rộtribution 78 rộussir 41, 208 rộussite 54 revenir 167 richesse 54 robuste 96 romain 99 roman 99 rose: m and f 18 rude 99 rudesse 78 ruelle 56 salle 67 sans cesse 96 satisfait 93 sauver 145; se sauver 140, 145 savoir 1613; imperfect vs passộ composộ 162; ne + conditional 162; + de 161; + fact 161; + infinitive 1612; + que 161; + sur 161; useful expressions with 162; vs pouvoir 1623 scandaleux 94 scientifique 78, 175 scientiste 78, 175 selon 197 sensộ 100 sensible 99 Index 253 sentir 145; + adj 145, 176; se sentir + adj / adv 140, 145, 176 servir de 145; se servir de 45, 140, 145, 209 signaler 44 simple 1045 soir: vs soirộe 1723 solde: m and f 18 somme: m and f 18 sortir 165 souffrance 74 soỷler 41 sous 201; sous mes propres yeux 200; sous peu 96, 193 spelling changes in some -er verb forms 21920 spelling patterns in French 21617 square 78 stade 7, 79 stage 79 strophe 80 studio 79 succộder 49 succốs 6, 54 suivant 197 supộrieur 105 supplice: ờtre au 36 supporter 44 sur: to translate about / concerning 197; in the door 200; out of + number 202 sympathique 100 tant de 184 taux 68 teint 61 tellement 184 tộmoignage 66 temps 170 tenir: expressions with 1301; se tenir 131; sen tenir 131 terminer 149; se terminer 149 terrible 105 thộorique 91 through: translation of 197 tomber: expressions with 1312 tour: m and f 1819 se tourmenter 36 tout: formation of plural 31 tout lheure 989 tout le monde + singular verb 30 towards: translation of 202 transformation 56 transformer 37 tromper 146; se tromper 140, 146 tromperie 63 trouble 7980 universitaire 91, 173 until: translation of 2023 upper case: see capital letters user 45 utiliser 45 valable 100 vase: m and f 19 venir: expressions with 1324 venue 80 verbs: different usage from English 20710; taking + noun 208; taking another preposition + noun 210; taking de + noun 20910; with two or more different usages 2046 vers: noun 80 vers: preposition 202 veste 80 vivre 166 voile: m and f 19 se voir + inf as alternative to passive 1512, 155 voiture 5, 58 voix 86 vouloir: en vouloir 44 vraiment 92 wagon 58 with: translation of 203 y: pronoun 117 Taylor & Francis eBooks Helping you to choose the right eBooks for your Library Add Routledge titles to your library's digital collection today Taylor and Francis ebooks contains over 50,000 titles in the Humanities, Social Sciences, Behavioural Sciences, Built Environment and Law Choose from a range of subject packages or create your own! Benefits for you Benefits for your user ằ Free MARC records ằ COUNTER-compliant usage statistics ằ Flexible purchase and pricing options ằ Off-site, anytime access via Athens e ằ All titles DRM-free Free Trials Available or referring URL ằ ằ ằ ằ We offe r free trials to qualifying academic, corporate and Print or copy pages or chapters Full content search Bookmark, highlight and annotate text Access to thousands of pages of quality research at the click of a button government customers eCollections -Choose from over 30 subject eCollections, including: I Archaeology Language Learning Architecture Asian Stud;es Literature Business & Management I I Media & Communication I Classical Studies Middle East Stud;es Construction Music Creative & M edia Arts Philosophy Crim;nology & Criminal justice Planning Economics Politics Education Psychology & Mental Health Energy Religion I Eng1neenng Secunty English Language & Linguistics Social Work Environment & Sustainability SoCiology Geography Sport I Health Stud1es H1story Theatre & Performance Tourism, Hospitality & Events For more information, pricing enquiries or to order a free trial, please contact your local sales team: www.tandfebooks.com/ page/ sales Đ] Routledge Toylo & F" nm Gmup I The home of Routledge books www.tan df b e 00 k s.com [...]... place names Appendix 2 provides answers to the exercises contained in the chapters of the book x Speed Up Your French Acknowledgements First of all, I would like to thank Javier Muủoz-Basols, the creator and editor of the Routledge Speed up your Language series, for inviting me to submit a proposal for this French book and for his advice and encouragement in the early stages I am grateful also to Samantha... Before becoming a university lecturer, she taught French and Spanish to A level in a sixth-form college At the University of Aberdeen, she taught French at all levels from first-year beginners to final-year Honours students She is the co-author with Annie Rouxeville of French Grammar in Context, 4th edition (Routledge, 2014) and the sole author of Upgrade Your French, 2nd edition (Routledge, 2007) 1 Gender... Differences between French and English in the treatment of the plural The agreement of adjectives: common problems 2 2 5 10 14 20 23 23 26 29 31 It is vital to learn the gender of nouns in French so that you can use the correct form of the article and make the necessary adjective and past participle agreements The first part of this chapter outlines some general patterns that 2 Speed Up Your French can help... baignoire (a bathtub), une histoire (a history, story), une victoire (a victory) 10 Speed Up Your French 4 Common problem nouns Although they end in -e without an acute accent, the following nouns are all masculine: le caractốre (character, temperament), un cratốre (a crater), un crime (a crime), le doute (doubt), un groupe (a group), un lộgume (a vegetable), le manque (lack), un siốcle (a century), un questionnaire... so identifying problem areas for learners of French Website Supplementary exercises for all the chapters are available on the companion website, www.routledge.com/cw/jubb Author Margaret Jubb was Senior Lecturer in French at the University of Aberdeen until she retired in 2014 She has an MA in Modern and Medieval Languages (French and Spanish), a PhD in French from the University of Cambridge, and... un concombre (cucumber) 4 Speed Up Your French 3 Gender of place names As a general rule, the names of countries are feminine if they end in -e and masculine if they do not, e.g le Canada le Danemark le Japon le Maroc le Portugal la Belgique la Chine la France la Norvốge la Syrie Exceptions: le Cambodge, le Mexique, le Mozambique, le Zimbabwe Similarly, the names of most French regions, dộpartements... problems from English to French posed by particular prepositions; (ii) French verbs with two different usages, e.g penser and penser de; (iii) different constructions in English and French after a verb, e.g dộpendre de (to depend on); (iv) the translation of English phrasal verbs, e.g to swim across, into French Chapter 9 presents spelling and more It highlights key differences between French and English... (definite) espốce / groupe / lộgume / manque (indefinite) betterave / carotte / concombre / courge (indefinite) diffộrence / patience / silence / violence (definite) Dordogne / Loire / Rhụne / Seine (definite) bõtiment / enseignement / jugement / jument (indefinite) numộro / photo / piano / studio (indefinite) aubaine / domaine / douzaine / semaine (indefinite) 14 Speed Up Your French 10 11 12 13 14... accueil (a welcome), un ộcureuil (a squirrel) -at, e.g le chocolat (chocolat), un rộsultat (a result) -ộ (except -tộ and -tiộ), e.g un marchộ (a market), un thộ (a tea) Exception: la clộ (key) 6 Speed Up Your French -eau, e.g le couteau (knife), le gõteau (cake), le tableau (picture), le veau (veal) Exceptions: leau (water), la peau (skin) -ốde, -ốge, -ốme, e.g un remốde (a medicine, a cure), un collốge... Exceptions: laprốs-guerre (m.) (the post-war period), un en-tờte (a letterhead), le sans-gờne (cheekiness) Note also une sans-abri (a homeless woman), as opposed to un sans-abri (a homeless man) 12 Speed Up Your French 5 Verb + noun compounds are usually masculine un gratte-ciel un tire-bouchon un essuie-mains un pare-brise un pare-chocs un porte-monnaie un soutien-gorge a skyscraper a corkscrew a hand